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completablefuture 线程池_SpringBoot中如何优雅的使用多线程
在 SpringBoot 應(yīng)用中,經(jīng)常會遇到在一個接口中,同時做事情1,事情2,事情3,如果同步執(zhí)行的話,則本次接口時間取決于事情1 2 3執(zhí)行時間之和;如果三件事同時執(zhí)行,則本次接口時間取決于事情1 2 3執(zhí)行時間最長的那個,合理使用多線程,可以大大縮短接口時間。那么在 SpringBoot 應(yīng)用中如何優(yōu)雅的使用多線程呢?
Don't bb, show me code.
快速使用
SpringBoot應(yīng)用中需要添加@EnableAsync注解,來開啟異步調(diào)用,一般還會配置一個線程池,異步的方法交給特定的線程池完成,如下:
@Configuration @EnableAsync public class AsyncConfiguration {@Bean("doSomethingExecutor")public Executor doSomethingExecutor() {ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();// 核心線程數(shù):線程池創(chuàng)建時候初始化的線程數(shù)executor.setCorePoolSize(10);// 最大線程數(shù):線程池最大的線程數(shù),只有在緩沖隊(duì)列滿了之后才會申請超過核心線程數(shù)的線程executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);// 緩沖隊(duì)列:用來緩沖執(zhí)行任務(wù)的隊(duì)列executor.setQueueCapacity(500);// 允許線程的空閑時間60秒:當(dāng)超過了核心線程之外的線程在空閑時間到達(dá)之后會被銷毀executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);// 線程池名的前綴:設(shè)置好了之后可以方便我們定位處理任務(wù)所在的線程池executor.setThreadNamePrefix("do-something-");// 緩沖隊(duì)列滿了之后的拒絕策略:由調(diào)用線程處理(一般是主線程)executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());executor.initialize();return executor;}}使用的方式非常簡單,在需要異步的方法上加@Async注解
@RestController public class AsyncController {@Autowiredprivate AsyncService asyncService;@GetMapping("/open/something")public String something() {int count = 10;for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {asyncService.doSomething("index = " + i);}lonreturn "success";} }@Slf4j @Service public class AsyncService {// 指定使用beanname為doSomethingExecutor的線程池@Async("doSomethingExecutor")public String doSomething(String message) {log.info("do something, message={}", message);try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {log.error("do something error: ", e);}return message;} }訪問:127.0.0.1:8080/open/something,日志如下
2020-04-19 23:42:42.486 INFO 21168 --- [io-8200-exec-17] x.g.b.system.controller.AsyncController : do something end, time 8 milliseconds 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-1] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 0 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-5] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 4 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-4] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 3 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-6] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 5 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-9] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 8 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-8] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 7 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [do-something-10] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 9 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-7] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 6 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-2] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 1 2020-04-19 23:42:42.488 INFO 21168 --- [ do-something-3] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something, message=index = 2由此可見已經(jīng)達(dá)到異步執(zhí)行的效果了,并且使用到了咱們配置的線程池。
獲取異步方法返回值
當(dāng)異步方法有返回值時,如何獲取異步方法執(zhí)行的返回結(jié)果呢?這時需要異步調(diào)用的方法帶有返回值CompletableFuture。
CompletableFuture是對Feature的增強(qiáng),Feature只能處理簡單的異步任務(wù),而CompletableFuture可以將多個異步任務(wù)進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的組合。如下:
@RestController public class AsyncController {@Autowiredprivate AsyncService asyncService;@SneakyThrows@ApiOperation("異步 有返回值")@GetMapping("/open/somethings")public String somethings() {CompletableFuture<String> createOrder = asyncService.doSomething1("create order");CompletableFuture<String> reduceAccount = asyncService.doSomething2("reduce account");CompletableFuture<String> saveLog = asyncService.doSomething3("save log");// 等待所有任務(wù)都執(zhí)行完CompletableFuture.allOf(createOrder, reduceAccount, saveLog).join();// 獲取每個任務(wù)的返回結(jié)果String result = createOrder.get() + reduceAccount.get() + saveLog.get();return result;} }@Slf4j @Service public class AsyncService {@Async("doSomethingExecutor")public CompletableFuture<String> doSomething1(String message) throws InterruptedException {log.info("do something1: {}", message);Thread.sleep(1000);return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("do something1: " + message);}@Async("doSomethingExecutor")public CompletableFuture<String> doSomething2(String message) throws InterruptedException {log.info("do something2: {}", message);Thread.sleep(1000);return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("; do something2: " + message);}@Async("doSomethingExecutor")public CompletableFuture<String> doSomething3(String message) throws InterruptedException {log.info("do something3: {}", message);Thread.sleep(1000);return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("; do something3: " + message);} }訪問接口
C:UsersAdministrator>curl -X GET "http://localhost:8200/open/somethings" -H "accept: */*" do something1: create order; do something2: reduce account; do something3: save log控制臺上關(guān)鍵日志如下:
2020-04-20 00:27:42.238 INFO 5672 --- [ do-something-3] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something3: save log 2020-04-20 00:27:42.238 INFO 5672 --- [ do-something-2] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something2: reduce account 2020-04-20 00:27:42.238 INFO 5672 --- [ do-something-1] x.gits.boot.system.service.AsyncService : do something1: create order注意事項(xiàng)
@Async注解會在以下幾個場景失效,也就是說明明使用了@Async注解,但就沒有走多線程。
- 異步方法使用static關(guān)鍵詞修飾;
- 異步類不是一個Spring容器的bean(一般使用注解@Component和@Service,并且能被Spring掃描到);
- SpringBoot應(yīng)用中沒有添加@EnableAsync注解;
- 在同一個類中,一個方法調(diào)用另外一個有@Async注解的方法,注解不會生效。原因是@Async注解的方法,是在代理類中執(zhí)行的。
需要注意的是: 異步方法使用注解@Async的返回值只能為void或者Future及其子類,當(dāng)返回結(jié)果為其他類型時,方法還是會異步執(zhí)行,但是返回值都是null,部分源碼如下:
AsyncExecutionInterceptor#invoke
通過上邊幾個示例,@Async實(shí)際還是通過Future或CompletableFuture來異步執(zhí)行的,Spring又封裝了一下,讓我們使用的更方便。
本文示例代碼:https://gitee.com/songyinyin/gits,搜索AsyncController可得。
你在SpringBoot應(yīng)用中如何使用多線程的呢,不妨留言說說你遇到的坑
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