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qq群 voiceover_如何在iOS上使用VoiceOver为所有人构建应用程序

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023/11/29 编程问答 26 豆豆

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qq群 voiceover

by Jayven N

由Jayven N

如何在iOS上使用VoiceOver為所有人構(gòu)建應(yīng)用程序 (How to build apps for everyone using VoiceOver on iOS)

輔助功能入門 (Getting started with accessibility)

There’s always those topics that people don’t talk about enough. Sometimes, those topics happen to be the most important ones. Accessibility is one of those topics.

總是有一些人們談?wù)摬欢嗟脑掝}。有時(shí)，這些主題恰好是最重要的主題。可訪問(wèn)性是這些主題之一。

目標(biāo) (Goal)

This article talks about why accessibility is important and how you can step into the shoes of a VoiceOver user.

本文討論了為什么可訪問(wèn)性很重要，以及如何進(jìn)入VoiceOver用戶的行列。

介紹 (Introduction)

People have disabilities.

人有殘疾。

A lot of people have disabilities.

很多人有殘疾。

Disability is normal.

殘疾是正常的。

Disability doesn’t have to be something dramatic like breaking a bone. It can be a right shoulder pain that prevents me from doing Exercise A. Hence, I am disabled to do Exercise A. Exercise B, on the other hand, is as effective a shoulder exercise as Exercise A. And, it is for possible for people with and without right shoulder pain.

殘疾不必像骨折一樣引人注目。可能是右肩疼痛使我無(wú)法進(jìn)行練習(xí)A。因此，我無(wú)法進(jìn)行練習(xí)A。另一方面，練習(xí)B與練習(xí)A一樣有效。有無(wú)右肩痛的人。

One in six people in the United States has one or more disabilities.

在美國(guó)，六分之一的人患有一種或多種殘疾。

Yes, one in six. Look around the room. Count one to six. One of you statistically has a disability.

是的，六分之一。環(huán)顧房間。數(shù)一到六。你們中的一位統(tǒng)計(jì)上有殘疾。

Disabilities are real and relevant.

殘疾是真實(shí)的，相關(guān)的。

Everyone eventually and naturally deteriorates with time. Brain, muscles, eyes, and ears work differently with time. Everything changes with time. Humans are no different.

每個(gè)人最終都會(huì)自然而然地隨著時(shí)間而惡化。大腦，肌肉，眼睛和耳朵的工作時(shí)間會(huì)不同。一切都會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而改變。人類沒(méi)有什么不同。

Let’s talk about why accessibility is important and how to get started building apps with accessibility in mind.

讓我們談?wù)劄槭裁纯稍L問(wèn)性很重要，以及如何著眼于可訪問(wèn)性開(kāi)始構(gòu)建應(yīng)用程序。

為什么要構(gòu)建可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序？ (Why build an accessible app?)

好處1：感覺(jué)很棒 (Benefit 1: it feels great)

Feels great to do great things. You can leave the world a little better than you found it. There’s nothing like sleeping like a baby knowing you have given the world everything today for a more inclusive tomorrow. Making a positive impact according to your ideologies always feels great.

做偉大的事情感覺(jué)很棒。您可以離開(kāi)世界比發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界好一點(diǎn)。沒(méi)有什么比像嬰兒一樣睡著了，知道您已將當(dāng)今世界的一切奉獻(xiàn)給了一個(gè)更加包容的明天。根據(jù)您的意識(shí)形態(tài)產(chǎn)生積極的影響總是感覺(jué)很好。

利益2：受眾群體規(guī)模 (Benefit 2: audience size)

What if you could increase your revenue by 16.7% by simply supporting accessibility users? That sounds like a very fair deal.

如果僅通過(guò)支持輔助功能用戶可以將收入增加16.7％，該怎么辦？這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很公平。

If a company is making 100,000,000 USD per year, they could be making 117,000,000 USD by implementing accessibility features. This is by making the app available to a wider range of users.

如果一家公司每年的收入為100,000,000美元，那么通過(guò)實(shí)施輔助功能，他們可以賺取117,000,000 USD。通過(guò)使該應(yīng)用程序可供更廣泛的用戶使用。

Here’s the thing, no one wants to be left out of a great party. If you have a great party, you probably want to invite a lot of great people. If you have a great app, you probably want a lot of people to experience your masterpiece as well.

這就是事情，沒(méi)有人想離開(kāi)一個(gè)偉大的聚會(huì)。如果您有一個(gè)很棒的聚會(huì)，您可能想邀請(qǐng)很多很棒的人。如果您擁有出色的應(yīng)用程序，那么您可能還希望很多人也能體驗(yàn)?zāi)慕茏鳌?

Say the invitation letters are sent out. The invitation letters reach the mailboxes. The invitees happily open the invitation letters and scream YES! into the sky.

說(shuō)出邀請(qǐng)函。邀請(qǐng)信到達(dá)郵箱。被邀請(qǐng)者高興地打開(kāi)邀請(qǐng)函并大聲尖叫！進(jìn)入天空。

Now let’s talk about getting to your party: everyone has a preferred form of transportation. People may travel by car, motorbike, helicopter, private jet, or jetpack.

現(xiàn)在讓我們談?wù)剠⒓泳蹠?huì)的方式：每個(gè)人都有自己喜歡的交通工具。人們可能會(huì)乘汽車，摩托車，直升機(jī)，私人飛機(jī)或噴氣背包旅行。

Now imagine how tragic your party would be if you left out the jetpackers. So, you decide to register the jetpack air lanes to your house. Consequently, jetpackers can now drop by your party.

現(xiàn)在想象一下，如果您放棄噴氣背包，您的聚會(huì)將會(huì)有多悲慘。因此，您決定將Jetpack空氣通道注冊(cè)到您的房屋。因此，噴氣打包機(jī)現(xiàn)在可以按您的隊(duì)伍降落。

How great is that? Your party gets more fun and jetpackers get to enjoy the party as well. Everyone wins.

那有多好？您的聚會(huì)變得更加有趣，噴氣背包客也可以享受聚會(huì)。每個(gè)人都贏。

If your app does not support certain ways of using it, then people may find it difficult to navigate your app. They will decide to not use your app altogether. We can mitigate that and bring the jetpackers onboard.

如果您的應(yīng)用程序不支持某些使用方式，那么人們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)航您的應(yīng)用程序很困難。他們將決定完全不使用您的應(yīng)用程序。我們可以減輕這種負(fù)擔(dān)，并將噴氣式打包機(jī)帶到飛機(jī)上。

好處3：構(gòu)建可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序很困難 (Benefit 3: building an accessible app is hard)

Common complaints about developing accessibility features:

有關(guān)開(kāi)發(fā)輔助功能的常見(jiàn)投訴：

Slow development speed
開(kāi)發(fā)速度慢
Insufficient resources
資源不足
The “I have no idea where to begin” thought
“我不知道從哪里開(kāi)始”的想法

These are valid points.

這些是有效點(diǎn)。

It takes effort to convince the people around you to give you time and space to implement accessibility features in your app.

要說(shuō)服您周圍的人給您時(shí)間和空間來(lái)在您的應(yīng)用中實(shí)現(xiàn)可訪問(wèn)性功能，需要付出很多努力。

It takes courage to risk your name and equity to convince the CEO that accessibility features are worthwhile.

冒著勇氣冒著您的名字和權(quán)益冒險(xiǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，才能使CEO相信可訪問(wèn)性功能是值得的。

Even if you convince everyone to pay attention to accessibility, you may still be left with a page of questions on what to do next. Given the fact that accessibility is so little talked about, your research may not be helpful as you hoped it would be.

即使您說(shuō)服每個(gè)人都注意可訪問(wèn)性，您仍然可能會(huì)遇到一系列有關(guān)下一步的問(wèn)題。鑒于可訪問(wèn)性很少被討論，您的研究可能沒(méi)有您希望的那樣有用。

And the truth is:

事實(shí)是：

Yes.是。 It is hard.很難。 But, hard is good.但是，努力才是好。

Here’s the thing. Adding accessibility features to your app is the right thing to do. Beyond being the right thing to do, adding accessibility features can help your app and company take leaps forward and differentiate themselves.

這是東西向您的應(yīng)用程序添加輔助功能是正確的事情。除了要做正確的事之外，添加可訪問(wèn)性功能還可以幫助您的應(yīng)用程序和公司取得飛躍并使其與眾不同。

Name five companies off of the top of your head that care about building accessible apps.

列出5家關(guān)心構(gòu)建可訪問(wèn)應(yīng)用程序的公司。

I’ll wait…

我會(huì)等…

That’s right. Probably less than five.

那就對(duì)了。大概少于五個(gè)。

If building accessible apps were easy, then everyone would do it because it reaches a larger audience.

如果構(gòu)建可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序很容易，那么每個(gè)人都會(huì)這樣做，因?yàn)樗梢晕嗟氖鼙姟?

But because building accessible apps is hard, you can differentiate yourself. You do something that most people would rather not do. Yet, the impact you can have can be life-changing for some users.

但是，由于構(gòu)建可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序很困難，因此您可以與眾不同。您做了大多數(shù)人不愿意做的事情。但是，對(duì)于某些用戶來(lái)說(shuō)，可能帶來(lái)的影響可能會(huì)改變他們的生活。

好處4：發(fā)現(xiàn)您應(yīng)用的設(shè)計(jì)缺陷 (Benefit 4: discover your app’s design flaws)

Every iOS device has a built-in VoiceOver feature. VoiceOver is iOS’s screen reader. Screen readers empower people with the ability to listen to words on a screen. For people who find it difficult to read with their eyes, they can also absorb information with their ears.

每個(gè)iOS設(shè)備都有內(nèi)置的VoiceOver功能。 VoiceOver是iOS的屏幕閱讀器。屏幕閱讀器使人們能夠聽(tīng)屏幕上的單詞。對(duì)于那些難以用眼睛閱讀的人，他們也可以用耳朵吸收信息。

VoiceOver helps you discover app design flaws. Later in the article, you will learn how to use VoiceOver.

VoiceOver可幫助您發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)的缺陷。在本文的后面，您將學(xué)習(xí)如何使用VoiceOver。

To discover app design flaws, you simply need to navigate an app with VoiceOver on. The VoiceOver feature turned on usually means that a user can hardly see what’s on the screen. This means you should be able to navigate without visual dependency.

要發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)上的缺陷，您只需要在啟用VoiceOver的情況下導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用程序即可。啟用VoiceOver功能通常意味著用戶幾乎看不到屏幕上的內(nèi)容。這意味著您應(yīng)該能夠在沒(méi)有視覺(jué)依賴的情況下進(jìn)行導(dǎo)航。

Then, answer the following questions:

然后，回答以下問(wèn)題：

Does the app sound right?
該應(yīng)用聽(tīng)起來(lái)是否正確？
Does the app take too much time getting from point A to point B?
從A點(diǎn)到B點(diǎn)，該應(yīng)用是否花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間？
Does the app present UI and layouts in chronological order based on sound alone?
該應(yīng)用程序是否僅根據(jù)聲音按時(shí)間順序顯示UI和布局？

These issues can be explicitly exposed by VoiceOver and can give you new design perspectives. You can use VoiceOver to help improve your app’s navigation, simplicity, and organization.

這些問(wèn)題可以由VoiceOver明確暴露，并可以為您提供新的設(shè)計(jì)觀點(diǎn)。您可以使用VoiceOver來(lái)幫助改善應(yīng)用程序的導(dǎo)航，簡(jiǎn)單性和組織性。

好處5：通過(guò)口碑傳播您的應(yīng)用 (Benefit 5: spread your app with word of mouth)

Word of mouth is one of the greatest message-spreading mechanisms. Ever wanted to get the attention of someone? One of the best possible ways to do so is to have an introduction. This is because word of mouth can hold a lot of trust.

口口相傳是最大的消息傳播機(jī)制之一。是否曾經(jīng)想引起某人的注意？這樣做的最好方法之一就是進(jìn)行介紹。這是因?yàn)榭诙鄠骺梢在A得很多信任。

Imagine a man named Jon Mack. He happens to have poor eyesight. He’s using Not Accessible App A, Not Accessible App B, and Not Accessible App C. All the apps happen to be poorly designed for people with visual impairment.

想象一個(gè)叫喬恩·麥克的人。他恰好視力不好。他使用的是“不可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序A”，“不可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序B”和“不可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序C”。所有這些應(yīng)用程序碰巧都是為視力障礙者設(shè)計(jì)的。

Jon is a capable person. Jon has friends. Jon and his friends are moving towards the elderly age.

喬恩是一個(gè)有能力的人。喬恩有朋友。喬恩和他的朋友們正在走向老年人。

One evening, Accessible App comes along. The app is designed with a wide audience in mind. Jon uses Accessible App. He loves it.

一個(gè)晚上，Accessible App出現(xiàn)了。該應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計(jì)考慮了廣泛的受眾。喬恩使用Accessible App。他喜歡。

Jon shares Accessible App with friends, family members, and colleagues.

Jon與朋友，家人和同事共享Accessible App。

Jon speaks into the megaphone. Accessible App spreads and does so with word of mouth. Accessible App wins. Jon and his people also win. This is a win-win situation.

喬恩向擴(kuò)音器講話。可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序通過(guò)口碑傳播。可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序獲勝。喬恩和他的人民也贏了。這是雙贏的局面。

When your app is exceptional, people want to share your app. People share your app because it says something about them.

當(dāng)您的應(yīng)用程序非常出色時(shí)，人們會(huì)想要共享您的應(yīng)用程序。人們會(huì)分享您的應(yīng)用程序，因?yàn)樗f(shuō)明了他們的一些話。

Your users are important, so let’s make them feel important.

您的用戶很重要，因此讓他們感到自己很重要。

Time to take action.

該采取行動(dòng)了。

從哪里開(kāi)始 (Where to begin)

Let’s understand how one of your VoiceOver users may use your app.

讓我們了解您的VoiceOver用戶之一可能如何使用您的應(yīng)用程序。

We are going set up VoiceOver on iOS.

我們將在iOS上設(shè)置VoiceOver。

在iOS上設(shè)置VoiceOver (Setting up VoiceOver on iOS)

Unlock your iOS device.

解鎖您的iOS設(shè)備。

Open the Settings app.

打開(kāi)設(shè)置應(yīng)用。

Tap General.

點(diǎn)擊常規(guī) 。

Tap Accessibility.

點(diǎn)擊輔助功能 。

Tap Accessibility Shortcut.

點(diǎn)擊輔助功能快捷方式 。

You should see a list of built-in accessibility features.

您應(yīng)該看到內(nèi)置的輔助功能列表。

Tap on VoiceOver.

點(diǎn)擊VoiceOver 。

Great.

大。

Now, swipe up from the Settings app to enter the home layout.

現(xiàn)在，從“ 設(shè)置”應(yīng)用程序向上滑動(dòng)以進(jìn)入首頁(yè)布局。

使用VoiceOver導(dǎo)航iOS (Navigating iOS with VoiceOver)

Time to give VoiceOver a go. Here are useful four gestures for using VoiceOver:

是時(shí)候試用VoiceOver了。以下是使用VoiceOver的四個(gè)有用手勢(shì)：

1. Swipe left or right — navigate the UI

1.向左或向右滑動(dòng)-瀏覽用戶界面

2. Double-tap — select

2.點(diǎn)按兩次-選擇

3. Swipe up or down — choose from available options if any

3.向上或向下滑動(dòng)-從可用選項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇

4. Swipe up from the bottom with a single vibration — exit to home

4.輕輕一聲從底部向上滑動(dòng)-離開(kāi)家

Let’s put the action hat on. Let’s begin using VoiceOver.

讓我們戴上行動(dòng)帽。讓我們開(kāi)始使用VoiceOver。

Triple-click the power button.

三按電源按鈕。

VoiceOver is turned on.

VoiceOver已打開(kāi)。

Now, swipe right until the Settings app is in selection.

現(xiàn)在，向右滑動(dòng)，直到選擇“設(shè)置”應(yīng)用。

Double tap to open the Settings app.

雙擊以打開(kāi)“ 設(shè)置”應(yīng)用。

Great.

大。

Now, swipe right until General is selected.

現(xiàn)在，向右滑動(dòng)，直到選擇“ 常規(guī)” 。

Double tap to select General.

雙擊以選擇常規(guī) 。

Swipe right until Accessibility is selected.

向右輕掃，直到選擇了“ 輔助功能” 。

Double tap to select Accessibility.

雙擊以選擇輔助功能 。

Swipe right until VoiceOver is selected.

向右輕掃，直到選擇了VoiceOver 。

Double tap to select VoiceOver.

雙擊以選擇VoiceOver 。

Swipe right until the Speaking Rate’s slider is selected.

向右輕掃，直到選中“ 講話速度 ”滑塊。

Swipe up or down with one finger quickly to adjust the speaking rate.

用一根手指快速向上或向下滑動(dòng)以調(diào)節(jié)語(yǔ)速。

Once you have your desired speaking rate, swipe up from the bottom with a single vibration to exit to home.

達(dá)到所需的語(yǔ)速后，只需輕輕一聲從底部向上滑動(dòng)即可回到家中。

So, turns out that VoiceOver is quite practical. You can turn almost anything on iOS into an audiobook.

因此，事實(shí)證明VoiceOver非常實(shí)用。您可以將iOS上的幾乎所有內(nèi)容都轉(zhuǎn)換為有聲讀物。

I’ve definitely found myself using VoiceOver as often as every day to read text on iOS. This reduces the cognitive load. At the same time, it can increase comprehension due to the reading and listening combination.

我絕對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己每天都經(jīng)常使用VoiceOver在iOS上閱讀文本。這減輕了認(rèn)知負(fù)擔(dān)。同時(shí)，由于閱讀和聽(tīng)力的結(jié)合，它可以提高理解力。

You are amazing. You’ve just taken the hardest step. The step that fewer people have taken. The first step. Congratulations, you’ve increased your ability to empathize and put yourself in the shoes of many more people. You are on track to build even more exceptional apps.

你真厲害您剛剛邁出了最艱難的一步。較少人采取的步驟。第一步。恭喜，您已經(jīng)提高了同理心，并使自己融入更多人的能力。您正在按計(jì)劃構(gòu)建更多出色的應(yīng)用程序。

挑戰(zhàn)：蒙住眼睛使用您的應(yīng)用 (CHALLENGE: Use your app blindfolded)

Here’s a method to benchmark your app’s accessibility.

這是一種基準(zhǔn)測(cè)試應(yīng)用程序可訪問(wèn)性的方法。

Turn on VoiceOver.

打開(kāi)VoiceOver。

Three-finger triple tap.

三指三連擊。

This turns curtain mode on and your screen becomes pitch black.

這將打開(kāi)窗簾模式，并且屏幕將變成黑色。

Now, navigate your app with VoiceOver with curtain mode on.

現(xiàn)在，在啟用窗簾模式的情況下在VoiceOver上導(dǎo)航您的應(yīng)用程序。

When your app’s navigation is effortless with curtain mode, you’re onto an exceptionally accessible app.

當(dāng)您使用幕簾模式輕松導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用程序時(shí)，您將進(jìn)入一個(gè)異常可訪問(wèn)的應(yīng)用程序。

結(jié)束語(yǔ) (Final remarks)

I believe making apps accessible pushes humanity in the right direction. Building an exceptional app experience for all users is a win for the app makers and the users.

我相信使應(yīng)用程序可訪問(wèn)性將人類推向正確的方向。為所有用戶打造卓越的應(yīng)用程序體驗(yàn)是應(yīng)用程序制造商和用戶的雙贏。

I hope to see more of our favorite apps fully support accessibility features.

我希望看到更多我們喜歡的應(yīng)用程序完全支持輔助功能。

Please share this article if you have found this article helpful.

如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇文章有幫助，請(qǐng)分享這篇文章。

特別感謝 (Special thanks)

This article is possible thanks to Daud A., Kane C., Esther H., Todd K., Tim C., Tim I., Lilit B., Cliff W., and Shawn.

感謝Daud A.，Kane C.，Esther H.，Todd K.，Tim C.，Tim I.，Lilit B.，Cliff W.和Shawn。

企業(yè)解決方案 (Enterprise solutions)

For interested enterprises, I recommend you to reach out to 2359 Media for enterprise solutions.

對(duì)于有興趣的企業(yè)，我建議您與2359 Media聯(lián)系以獲取企業(yè)解決方案。

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/building-products-for-everyone-voiceover-on-ios-accessibility-tutorial-2f5282e943ef/