usaco Postal Vans(dp)
是哈密頓回路,然后。。。就不知道怎么寫了 ,以前寫過類似的不過情況沒這么多也沒這么復
?usaco training 6.1.1 Postal Vans 題解
標簽:?usaco training題解dp 2014-03-18 10:49?1511人閱讀?評論(0)?收藏?舉報 ?分類:版權聲明:本文為博主原創文章,未經博主允許不得轉載。
目錄(?)[+]
轉載請注明出處:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangshibiao/article/details/21446033
【原題】
Postal Vans
Tiring of their idyllic fields, the cows have moved to a new suburb. The suburb is a rectangular grid of streets with a post office at its Northwest corner. It has four avenues running East-West and N (1 <= N <= 1000) streets running North-South.
For example, the following diagram shows such a suburb with N=5 streets, with the avenues depicted as horizontal lines, and the post office as a dark blob at the top-left corner:
Each day the postal van leaves the post office, drives around the suburb and returns to the post office, passing exactly once through every intersection (including those on borders or corners). The executives from the post company want to know how many distinct routes can be established for the postal van (of course, the route direction is significant in this count).
For example, the following diagrams show two such routes for the above suburb:
As another example, the following diagrams show all the four possible routes for a suburb with N=3 streets:
Write a program that will determine the number of such distinct routes given the number of streets.
PROGRAM NAME: vans
INPUT FORMAT
- Line 1: A single integer, N
SAMPLE INPUT (file vans.in)
4
OUTPUT FORMAT
- Line 1: A single integer that tells how many possible distinct routes corresponding to the number of streets given in the input.
SAMPLE OUTPUT (file vans.out)
12
【譯題】
描述
郊區呈矩形,有四條東西方向的街道和N(1<=N<=1000)條南北方向的街道。在郊區的西北角有一個郵局。
如N=5時,郊區如下圖所示,圓點表示郵局,直線表示街道。
每天郵政卡車從郵局出發,每個十字路口(包括邊界和四角)經過且只經過一次。現在郵局希望知道郵政貨車行駛的路線有幾種。 例如,下面兩幅圖表示的是滿足上圖的兩條路線
另一個例子,下面四幅圖表示了當N=3時的全部四種情況
[編輯]格式
PROGRAM NAME: vans
INPUT FORMAT:
(file vans.in)
INPUT FORMAT 一行:一個數值N
OUTPUT FORMAT:
(file vans.out) 一行: 到INPUT中給出的街道的路徑總數
[編輯]SAMPLE INPUT
4
[編輯]SAMPLE OUTPUT
12
wcada
【前言】參考了pty大神的詳細推導,于是把題解原封不動地寫在這里。
【題解】
----------------------------------------------原文始-----------------------------------------------------
預備知識:
哈密度路:由一個點出發到另外一個點結束,要求經過圖中所有的點的一條路(不能重復經過點)。
哈密頓回路:從一個點出發再回到此點,經過圖中所有點的一條路(不能重復經過點)。
?
問題顯然的解法:對于一個n*4的圖求哈密頓回路的個數。用陳丹琦的方法。
但是由于寬度只有4,所以有另外一種遞推的方法,達到優化的目的:
設f[i]為前i列中,第i列的第一個格子到第二個格子的哈密度路的條數。(顯然,f[n]就為答案)
1 ? ? ? ? 2 ? ? ? ? ?3?? 。。i-1?? ??i
設g[i]為前i列中,第i列的第一個格子到第四個格子的哈密頓路的條數。
1 ? ? ? ? ? 2 ? ? ? ? 3?? 。。i-1???? i
很顯然的:f[i]=f[i-1]+g[i-1]
證明:第i列一二號格子的只能由兩種方式得到:
1、?=f[i-1]? 2、=g[i-1]
下面介紹g[i]的遞推方法:
分四種情況進行討論:g[i]=g1[i]+g2[i]+g3[i]+g4[i]
1、?=g1[i]=f[i-1]?? 2、?=g2[i]=f[i-1]
3、?=g3[i]=g[i-2]?? 4、?g4[i]
又分三種情況討論
?=f[i-2]? ?=f[i-2]
有沒有發現這種情況就是第i-1列的g4[i-1]
所以g4[i]=g4[i-1]+f[i-2]*2=g[i-1]-g1[i-1]-g2[i-1]-g3[i-1]+f[i-2]*2=g[i-1]-g[i-3]
所以g[i]=g1[i]+g2[i]+g3[i]+g4[i]=f[i-1]*2+g[i-1]+g[i-2]-g[i-3](比較優美吧。呵呵)
兩式聯立:f[i]=f[i-1]+g[i-1]
----------------------------------------------原文完-----------------------------------------------------
【代碼1】非高精
[cpp]?view plaincopy
- #include<cstdio>??
- using?namespace?std;??
- int?n,i,f[1001],g[1001];??
- int?main()??
- {??
- ??scanf("%d",&n);??
- ??g[1]=2;g[2]=2;g[3]=8;??
- ??f[1]=0;f[2]=2;f[3]=4;??
- ??for?(i=4;i<=n;i++)??
- ??{??
- ????g[i]=f[i-1]*2+g[i-1]+g[i-2]-g[i-3];??
- ????f[i]=f[i-1]+g[i-1];??
- ??}??
- ??printf("%d",f[n]);??
- }??
【代碼2】高精
[cpp]?view plaincopy
- /*?
- PROG:vans?
- ID:juan1973?
- LANG:C++?
- */??
- #include<cstdio>??
- using?namespace?std;??
- struct?arr{int?n,p[1001];}g[1001],f[1001];??
- int?n,i;??
- arr?chen(arr?a)??
- {??
- ??for?(int?i=1;i<=a.n;i++)??
- ????a.p[i]*=2;??
- ??for?(int?i=1;i<=a.n;i++)??
- ????if?(a.p[i]>9)?{a.p[i+1]+=a.p[i]/10;a.p[i]%=10;}??
- ??if?(a.p[a.n+1]>0)?a.n++;??
- ??return?a;??
- }??
- arr?add(arr?a,arr?b)??
- {??
- ??a.n=a.n>b.n?a.n:b.n;??
- ??for?(int?i=1;i<=a.n;i++)??
- ????a.p[i]+=b.p[i];??
- ??for?(int?i=1;i<=a.n;i++)??
- ????if?(a.p[i]>9)?{a.p[i+1]+=a.p[i]/10;a.p[i]%=10;}??
- ??if?(a.p[a.n+1]>0)?a.n++;??
- ??return?a;??
- }??
- arr?Minus(arr?a,arr?b)??
- {??
- ??int?i=1,j,k;????
- ??while?(i<=b.n)????
- ??{????
- ????if?(a.p[i]>=b.p[i])a.p[i]=a.p[i]-b.p[i];????
- ????else????
- ????{????
- ??????j=i+1;????
- ??????while?(a.p[j]==0)?j++;????
- ??????a.p[j]--;????
- ??????for?(k=i+1;k<j;k++)?a.p[k]=9;????
- ??????a.p[i]=a.p[i]+10-b.p[i];????
- ????}????
- ????i++;????
- ??}????
- ??while?(a.p[a.n]==0&&a.n>1)a.n--;????
- ??return?a;????
- }????
- int?main()??
- {??
- ??freopen("vans.in","r",stdin);??
- ??freopen("vans.out","w",stdout);??
- ??scanf("%d",&n);??
- ??g[1].p[1]=2;g[2].p[1]=2;g[3].p[1]=8;??
- ??g[1].n=g[2].n=g[3].n=1;??
- ??f[1].p[1]=0;f[2].p[1]=2;f[3].p[1]=4;??
- ??f[1].n=f[2].n=f[3].n=1;??
- ??for?(i=4;i<=n;i++)??
- ??{??
- ????g[i]=Minus(add(chen(f[i-1]),add(g[i-1],g[i-2])),g[i-3]);??
- ????f[i]=add(f[i-1],g[i-1]);??
- ??}??
- ??for?(i=f[n].n;i>0;i--)??
- ????printf("%d",f[n].p[i]);??
- ??printf("\n");??
- }??
/*
ID:jinbo wu
TASK: vans
LANG:C++
*/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct node
{int a[1005];
};
node f[1010],g[1010];
node mult(node t)
{node ans;int flag=0;for(int i=1;i<=1000;i++){int tmp=t.a[i]*2;if(flag==1){tmp+=1;flag=0;}if(tmp>=10){flag=1;tmp-=10;}ans.a[i]=tmp;}return ans;
}
node add(node t1,node t2)
{node ans;int flag=0;for(int i=1;i<=1000;i++){int tmp=t1.a[i]+t2.a[i];if(flag==1){tmp+=1;flag=0;}if(tmp>=10){flag=1;tmp-=10;}ans.a[i]=tmp;}return ans;
}
node minu(node t1,node t2)
{node ans;int flag=0;for(int i=1;i<=1000;i++){int tmp=t1.a[i]-t2.a[i];if(flag==1){tmp-=1;flag=0;}if(tmp<0){flag=1;tmp+=10;}ans.a[i]=tmp;}return ans;
}
int main()
{freopen("vans.in","r",stdin);freopen("vans.out","w",stdout);int n;cin>>n;g[1].a[1]=2;g[2].a[1]=2;g[3].a[1]=8;f[1].a[1]=0;f[2].a[1]=2;f[3].a[1]=4;for (int i=4;i<=n;i++){g[i]=minu(add(g[i-1],add(g[i-2],mult(f[i-1]))),g[i-3]);f[i]=add(f[i-1],g[i-1]);}int flag=0;for(int i=1000;i>=1;i--){if(f[n].a[i]||flag){cout<<f[n].a[i];flag=1;}}if(flag==0)cout<<0;cout<<endl;
}
總結
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