實(shí)際開發(fā)中緩存處理是必須的，不可能我們每次客戶端去請(qǐng)求一次服務(wù)器，服務(wù)器每次都要去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中進(jìn)行查找，為什么要使用緩存？說(shuō)到底是為了提高系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行速度。將用戶頻繁訪問(wèn)的內(nèi)容存放在離用戶最近，訪問(wèn)速度最快的地方，提高用戶的響應(yīng)速度，今天先來(lái)講下在springboot中整合redis的詳細(xì)步驟。

一、安裝

redis下載地址:

首先要在本地安裝一個(gè)redis程序，安裝過(guò)程十分簡(jiǎn)單(略過(guò))，安裝完成后進(jìn)入到redis文件夾中可以看到如下：

點(diǎn)擊redis-server.exe開啟redis服務(wù)，可以看到如下圖所示即代表開啟redis服務(wù)成功：

那么我們可以開啟redis客戶端進(jìn)行測(cè)試：

二、整合到springboot

1、在項(xiàng)目中加入redis依賴，pom文件中添加如下：

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-data-redis

2、在application.yml中添加redis配置：

##默認(rèn)密碼為空redis:host:?127.0.0.1#?Redis服務(wù)器連接端口port:?6379jedis:pool:#連接池最大連接數(shù)(使用負(fù)值表示沒有限制)max-active:?100#?連接池中的最小空閑連接max-idle:?10#?連接池最大阻塞等待時(shí)間(使用負(fù)值表示沒有限制)max-wait:?100000#?連接超時(shí)時(shí)間(毫秒)timeout:?5000#默認(rèn)是索引為0的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)database:?0

3、新建RedisConfiguration配置類，繼承CachingConfigurerSupport，@EnableCaching開啟注解

@Configuration@EnableCachingpublic?class?RedisConfiguration?extends?CachingConfigurerSupport?{/***?自定義生成key的規(guī)則*/@Overridepublic?KeyGenerator?keyGenerator()?{return?new?KeyGenerator()?{@Overridepublic?Object?generate(Object?o,?Method?method,?Object...?objects)?{//格式化緩存key字符串StringBuildersb=newStringBuilder();//追加類名sb.append(o.getClass().getName());//追加方法名sb.append(method.getName());//遍歷參數(shù)并且追加for?(Object?obj?:?objects)?{sb.append(obj.toString());}System.out.println("調(diào)用Redis緩存Key?:?"?+?sb.toString());return?sb.toString();}};}/***?采用RedisCacheManager作為緩存管理器*?@param?connectionFactory*/@Beanpublic?CacheManager?cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory?connectionFactory)?{RedisCacheManagerredisCacheManager=RedisCacheManager.create(connectionFactory);return?redisCacheManager;}@Beanpublic?RedisTemplateredisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory?factory)?{解決鍵、值序列化問(wèn)題StringRedisTemplatetemplate=newStringRedisTemplate(factory);Jackson2JsonRedisSerializerjackson2JsonRedisSerializer=newJackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);ObjectMapperom=newObjectMapper();om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL,?JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);template.afterPropertiesSet();return?template;}}

4、創(chuàng)建自定義的接口來(lái)定義需要的redis的功能

/***?K?指以hash結(jié)構(gòu)操作時(shí)?鍵類型*?T?為數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)體?應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)序列化接口,并定義serialVersionUID?*?RedisTemplate?提供了五種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)操作類型?hash?/?list?/?set?/?zset?/?value*?方法命名格式為?數(shù)據(jù)操作類型?+?操作?如?hashPut?指以hash結(jié)構(gòu)(也就是map)想key添加鍵值對(duì)*/public?interface?RedisHelper{/***?Hash結(jié)構(gòu)?添加元素?*?@param?key?key?*?@param?hashKey?hashKey?*?@param?domain?元素*/void?hashPut(String?key,?HK?hashKey,?T?domain);/***?Hash結(jié)構(gòu)?獲取指定key所有鍵值對(duì)?*?@param?key?*?@return*/MaphashFindAll(String?key);/***?Hash結(jié)構(gòu)?獲取單個(gè)元素?*?@param?key?*?@param?hashKey?*?@return*/T?hashGet(String?key,?HK?hashKey);void?hashRemove(String?key,?HK?hashKey);/***?List結(jié)構(gòu)?向尾部(Right)添加元素?*?@param?key?*?@param?domain?*?@return*/Long?listPush(String?key,?T?domain);/***?List結(jié)構(gòu)?向頭部(Left)添加元素?*?@param?key?*?@param?domain?*?@return*/Long?listUnshift(String?key,?T?domain);/***?List結(jié)構(gòu)?獲取所有元素?*?@param?key?*?@return*/ListlistFindAll(String?key);/***?List結(jié)構(gòu)?移除并獲取數(shù)組第一個(gè)元素?*?@param?key?*?@return*/T?listLPop(String?key);/***?對(duì)象的實(shí)體類*?@param?key*?@param?domain*?@return*/void?valuePut(String?key,?T?domain);/***?獲取對(duì)象實(shí)體類*?@param?key*?@return*/T?getValue(String?key);void?remove(String?key);/***?設(shè)置過(guò)期時(shí)間?*?@param?key?鍵?*?@param?timeout?時(shí)間?*?@param?timeUnit?時(shí)間單位*/boolean?expirse(String?key,?long?timeout,?TimeUnit?timeUnit);}

下面是創(chuàng)建RedisHelperImpl進(jìn)行接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)

@Service("RedisHelper")public?class?RedisHelperImplimplements?RedisHelper{//?在構(gòu)造器中獲取redisTemplate實(shí)例,?key(not?hashKey)?默認(rèn)使用String類型private?RedisTemplateredisTemplate;//?在構(gòu)造器中通過(guò)redisTemplate的工廠方法實(shí)例化操作對(duì)象private?HashOperationshashOperations;private?ListOperationslistOperations;private?ZSetOperationszSetOperations;private?SetOperationssetOperations;private?ValueOperationsvalueOperations;//?IDEA雖然報(bào)錯(cuò),但是依然可以注入成功,?實(shí)例化操作對(duì)象后就可以直接調(diào)用方法操作Redis數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)@Autowiredpublic?RedisHelperImpl(RedisTemplateredisTemplate)?{this.redisTemplate=?redisTemplate;this.hashOperations=redisTemplate.opsForHash();this.listOperations=redisTemplate.opsForList();this.zSetOperations=redisTemplate.opsForZSet();this.setOperations=redisTemplate.opsForSet();this.valueOperations=redisTemplate.opsForValue();}@Overridepublic?void?hashPut(String?key,?HK?hashKey,?T?domain)?{hashOperations.put(key,?hashKey,?domain);}@Overridepublic?MaphashFindAll(String?key)?{return?hashOperations.entries(key);}@Overridepublic?T?hashGet(String?key,?HK?hashKey)?{return?hashOperations.get(key,?hashKey);}@Overridepublic?void?hashRemove(String?key,?HK?hashKey)?{hashOperations.delete(key,?hashKey);}@Overridepublic?Long?listPush(String?key,?T?domain)?{return?listOperations.rightPush(key,?domain);}@Overridepublic?Long?listUnshift(String?key,?T?domain)?{return?listOperations.leftPush(key,?domain);}@Overridepublic?ListlistFindAll(String?key)?{if?(!redisTemplate.hasKey(key))?{return?null;}return?listOperations.range(key,?0,?listOperations.size(key));}@Overridepublic?T?listLPop(String?key)?{return?listOperations.leftPop(key);}@Overridepublic?void?valuePut(String?key,?T?domain)?{valueOperations.set(key,?domain);}@Overridepublic?T?getValue(String?key)?{return?valueOperations.get(key);}@Overridepublic?void?remove(String?key)?{redisTemplate.delete(key);}@Overridepublic?boolean?expirse(String?key,?long?timeout,?TimeUnit?timeUnit)?{return?redisTemplate.expire(key,?timeout,?timeUnit);}}

三、測(cè)試

編寫TestRedis類進(jìn)行測(cè)試

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic?class?TestRedis?{@Autowiredprivate?StringRedisTemplate?stringRedisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate?RedisTemplate?redisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate?RedisHelperImpl?redisHelper;@Testpublic?void?test()?throws?Exception{//?基本寫法//?stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("aaa","111");//?Assert.assertEquals("111",stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("aaa"));//?System.out.println(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("aaa"));Authoruser=newAuthor();user.setName("Alex");user.setIntro_l("不會(huì)打籃球的程序不是好男人");redisHelper.valuePut("aaa",user);System.out.println(redisHelper.getValue("aaa"));}@Testpublic?void?testObj()?throws?Exception?{Authoruser=newAuthor();user.setName("Jerry");user.setIntro_l("不會(huì)打籃球的程序不是好男人!");ValueOperationsoperations=redisTemplate.opsForValue();operations.set("502",?user);Thread.sleep(500);booleanexists=redisTemplate.hasKey("502");if(exists){System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("502"));}else{System.out.println("exists?is?false");}//?Assert.assertEquals("aa",?operations.get("com.neo.f").getUserName());}}

運(yùn)行TestRedis測(cè)試類，結(jié)果如下：

注意：如果在RedisConfiguration中不配置redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory)注解，會(huì)造成鍵、值的一個(gè)序列化問(wèn)題，有興趣的可以去試一下。序列化:序列化框架的選型和比對(duì)

四、項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn)

首先需要在程序的入口處Application中添加@EnableCaching開啟緩存的注解

@EnableCaching?//開啟緩存@SpringBootApplicationpublic?class?PoetryApplication?{public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{SpringApplication.run(PoetryApplication.class,?args);}}

上面的redis相關(guān)寫法是我們自定義設(shè)置并獲取的，那么我們經(jīng)常要在訪問(wèn)接口的地方去使用redis進(jìn)行緩存相關(guān)實(shí)體對(duì)象以及集合等，那么我們?cè)趺磳?shí)現(xiàn)呢？

比如我現(xiàn)在想在AuthorController中去緩存作者相關(guān)信息的緩存數(shù)據(jù)，該怎么辦呢？如下：

@RestController@RequestMapping(value="/poem")public?class?AuthorController?{private?final?static?Loggerlogger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthorController.class);@Autowiredprivate?AuthorRepository?authorRepository;@Cacheable(value="poemInfo")?//自動(dòng)根據(jù)方法生成緩存@PostMapping(value="/poemInfo")public?Resultauthor(@RequestParam("author_id")?int?author_id,?@RequestParam("author_name")String?author_name)?{if(StringUtils.isEmpty(author_id)?||?StringUtils.isEmpty(author_name)){return?ResultUtils.error(ResultCode.INVALID_PARAM_EMPTY);}Author?author;Optionaloptional=authorRepository.getAuthorByIdAndName(author_id,?author_name);if?(optional.isPresent())?{author=optional.get();//通過(guò)\n或者多個(gè)空格?進(jìn)行過(guò)濾去重if?(!StringUtils.isEmpty(author.getIntro_l()))?{Strings=author.getIntro_l();Stringintro=s.split("\\s?+")[0];author.setIntro_l(intro);}}?else?{return?ResultUtils.error(ResultCode.NO_FIND_THINGS);}return?ResultUtils.ok(author);}}

這里 @Cacheable(value="poemInfo")這個(gè)注解的意思就是自動(dòng)根據(jù)方法生成緩存，value就是緩存下來(lái)的key。到這里我們就已經(jīng)把redis整合到了springboot中了

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