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spring控制事务:声明式事务（注解）

發布時間：2024/4/15 编程问答 35 豆豆

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聲明式事務（注解）

spring聲明事務的方式,使用注解的方式

@Transactional

? 名稱：@Transactional
? 類型：方法注解，類注解，接口注解
? 位置：方法定義上方，類定義上方，接口定義上方
? 作用：設置當前類/接口中所有方法或具體方法開啟事務，并指定相關事務屬性
? 范例：

@Transactional( readOnly = false, timeout = -1, isolation = Isolation.DEFAULT, rollbackFor = {ArithmeticException.class, IOException.class}, noRollbackFor = {}, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW )

tx:annotation-driven 標簽用于開啟事務的注解驅動

? 名稱：tx:annotation-driven
? 類型：標簽
? 歸屬：beans標簽
? 作用：開啟事務注解驅動，并指定對應的事務管理器
? 范例：

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

聲明式事務（純注解驅動）

@EnableTransactionManagement 這個注解就是代替上面的標簽

? 名稱：@EnableTransactionManagement
? 類型：類注解
? 位置：Spring注解配置類上方
? 作用：開啟注解驅動，等同XML格式中的注解驅動
? 范例：

@Configuration @ComponentScan("com.fs") @PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties") @Import({JDBCConfig.class,MyBatisConfig.class,TransactionManagerConfig.class}) @EnableTransactionManagement public class SpringConfig { } public class TransactionManagerConfig { @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager(@Autowired DataSource dataSource){ return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource); } }

代碼演示(代碼中注釋為詳細解釋)

數據表account

構建maven項目

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.fs</groupId><artifactId>day04_spring_AOP_Transaction_02</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><version>2.0.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>3.5.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.47</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid</artifactId><version>1.1.20</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.12</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId><version>1.9.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.93.132:3306/test jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=root

編寫配置類

SpringConfig

package com.fs.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;//表示這個類是一個spring的配置類,并將其存入到ioc容器中 @Configuration /*開啟掃描注解的那些包 <context:component-scan base-package="com.fs"/>*/ @ComponentScan("com.fs") //引入其他的配置類 @Import({JdbcConfig.class,MybatisConfig.class,TransactionManagerConfig.class}) //開啟切面自動代理 @EnableAspectJAutoProxy //開啟聲明式事務管理相當于配置文件中的 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> @EnableTransactionManagement public class SpringConfig { }

JdbcConfig

package com.fs.config;import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;/* <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>*/ @PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties") public class JdbcConfig {//@Value("${Key}")@Value("${jdbc.driver}")private String driver;@Value("${jdbc.url}")private String url;@Value("${jdbc.username}")private String username;@Value("${jdbc.password}")private String password;/*<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"><property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/><property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/><property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/></bean>*///將返回的DruidDataSource交給ioc管理@Beanpublic DruidDataSource getDruidDataSource(){//創建DruidDataSourceDruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();//給屬性賦值,這個是上面從配置文件中依耐注入給屬性的druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);druidDataSource.setUrl(url);druidDataSource.setUsername(username);druidDataSource.setPassword(password);//返回DruidDataSource,然后交給ioc管理return druidDataSource;} }

MybatisConfig

package com.fs.config;import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean; import org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import javax.sql.DataSource;public class MybatisConfig {/*<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.fs.pojo"/></bean>*/@Beanpublic SqlSessionFactoryBean getSqlSessionFactoryBean(@Autowired DataSource dataSource){//創建sql會話工廠類 //這里@Autowired也是從ioc拿DataSourceSqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();//從ioc容器中取出jdbcConfig中配置的druidDatasourcesqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);//配置起別名sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.fs.pojo");return sqlSessionFactoryBean;}/*<bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="com.fs.dao"/></bean>*///創建MyBatis動態代理掃描類@Beanpublic MapperScannerConfigurer getMapperScannerConfigurer(){//創建映掃描配置類MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer = new MapperScannerConfigurer();//設置動態代理掃描的dao的包mapperScannerConfigurer.setBasePackage("com.fs.dao");//交給spring管理return mapperScannerConfigurer;} }

TransactionManagerConfig

package com.fs.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager; import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import javax.sql.DataSource;/* 聲明式事務配置類*/ public class TransactionManagerConfig {/*<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/></bean>*/@Beanpublic PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager(@Autowired DataSource dataSource){//使用Spring的平臺事務管理器,是一個接口,使用他的實現類構造器傳遞一個連接池DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();//傳遞一個連接池dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);return dataSourceTransactionManager;} }

實體類

Account

package com.fs.pojo;import lombok.Data;@Data public class Account {private Integer id;private String name;private Double money; }

Dao

AccountDao

package com.fs.dao;import com.fs.pojo.Account; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;import java.util.List;public interface AccountDao {@Select("select * from account")List<Account> findAll();//查詢所有//根據名字修改money@Update("UPDATE account SET money = #{money} WHERE name = #{name}")void transferMoney(Account account);//根據名字查詢賬戶信息@Select("select * from account where name = #{name}")Account findAccountByName(@Param("name") String name); }

service

AccountService

package com.fs.service;import com.fs.pojo.Account; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List;/* 在接口上配置@Transactional,那么他下面的實現類都會進行事務管理這個注解就相當于配置文件中的這些配置<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"><tx:attributes><tx:method name="*" read-only="false"/></tx:attributes></tx:advice><aop:config><aop:pointcut id="pt" expression="execution(* com.fs.service.impl.*.*(..))"/><aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt"/></aop:config>如果不寫屬性,該注解的默認配置為@Transactional(readOnly = false,timeout = -1,isolation = Isolation.DEFAULT,rollbackFor = {ArithmeticException.class, IOException.class},noRollbackFor = {},propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)*/ public interface AccountService {List<Account> findAll();Account findAccountByName(String name);//對這個方法開啟事務使用默認配置@Transactionalvoid transferMoneyAtoB(String aName,String bName,Integer money); }

AccountServiceImpl

package com.fs.service.impl;import com.fs.dao.AccountDao; import com.fs.pojo.Account; import com.fs.service.AccountService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.util.List;/*<bean id="accountServiceImpl" class="com.fs.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"> <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/></bean>*/ @Service public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {//從ioc獲取MyBatis動態代理的accountDao實現類@Autowiredprivate AccountDao accountDao;@Autowiredprivate DataSource dataSource;@Overridepublic List<Account> findAll() {return accountDao.findAll();}@Overridepublic Account findAccountByName(String name) {return accountDao.findAccountByName(name);}//轉賬的業務實現@Overridepublic void transferMoneyAtoB(String aName, String bName, Integer money) {//先查出兩個人的數據Account aAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(aName);Account bAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(bName);//然后a減錢,b加錢aAccount.setMoney(aAccount.getMoney()-money);bAccount.setMoney(bAccount.getMoney()+money);//然后調用轉賬方法(sql語句為更新賬戶)accountDao.transferMoney(aAccount);//制作一個異常 // int i = 1/0;accountDao.transferMoney(bAccount);}}

測試類

package com.fs.service.impl;import com.fs.config.SpringConfig; import com.fs.pojo.Account; import com.fs.service.AccountService; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import java.util.List;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class) public class AccountServiceImplTest {@Autowiredprivate AccountService accountService;//測試查詢所有方法@Testpublic void findAll() {List<Account> all = accountService.findAll();System.out.println(all);}//測試轉賬方法已經使用@Transactional綁定事務@Testpublic void transferMoneyAtoB() {//測試轉賬方法accountService.transferMoneyAtoB("小付","小花",100);}}

執行效果

業務層轉賬方法正常運行成功后數據表數據

由于我們測試代碼中是小付向小花轉賬100元,代碼執行成功后應該小付900,小花1100

業務層轉賬方法我們給制作一個異常1/0 的/ by zero異常,
運存測試轉賬方法控制臺輸出

數據庫中表的數據
小付原本900,小花1100,我們進行了轉賬業務,但是制作了異常,事務會進行回滾,所以金額不會發生變化

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