et 大脑接口_听说过大脑计算机接口
et 大腦接口
重點 (Top highlight)
What would it be like to control everything around you just by the sense of thought? Imagine controlling a drone not by a physical controller but instead by the waves emitted from your brain. How cool would that be?
僅憑思想就可以控制周圍的一切，這是什么感覺？ 想象一下，不是通過物理控制器而是通過大腦發出的波來控制無人機。 那有多酷？
And what if I told you there are prototypes for such brain-controlled drones currently in existence and that few years down the line you could own one. Alright! Let’s talk about the Brain Computer Interface!
如果我告訴你，現在已經有這種大腦控制的無人機的原型，那么幾年后你就可以擁有這種無人機了。 好的！ 讓我們談談大腦計算機接口！
The start of BCI or Brain Computer Interface was linked to Richard Canton’s discovery of electrical signals in 1875. However, it was with Hans Berger’s discovery of the electroencephalogram(EEG) in the 1920s that the discussions if even something like this would be possible started. In the 1970s, UCLA began to research brain mapping and information extraction, and that’s when the Brain-Computer-Interface expression emerged as a field.
BCI或腦計算機接口的出現與1875年理查德·坎頓(Richard Canton)的電信號發現有關。然而，正是由于漢斯·伯格(Hans Berger)在1920年代發現腦電圖(EEG)，才開始討論甚至是可能的事情。 1970年代，加州大學洛杉磯分校(UCLA)開始研究大腦作圖和信息提取，而那時腦機接口的表達應運而生。
什么是大腦計算機接口？ (What is a Brain Computer Interface?)
In simple terms, it is a communication interface between the brain and an external device, your brain speaks, and the machine responds. It can also be a bidirectional communication pathway where the machine can pass on the information to the brain known as active BCI.
簡單來說，它是大腦與外部設備之間的通信接口，您的大腦會說話，機器會做出響應。 它也可以是雙向通信路徑，機器可以將信息傳遞到大腦， 稱為主動BCI 。
What information are we talking about here? It is the information on the electrical activity of the brain from the surface of the scalp. Electrodes are placed on the scalp to pick up the electric potentials generated by the brain, and this information is sent to the machine, this is Passive BCI. In Active BCI, the machine sends signals understandable by the brain, usually by an invasive technique.
我們在這里談論什么信息？ 它是有關頭皮表面的大腦電活動的信息。 將電極放在頭皮上以拾取大腦產生的電勢，并將此信息發送到機器，這就是被動BCI。 在Active BCI中，機器通常通過一種侵入性技術發送大腦可理解的信號。
Source: Canva資料來源：CanvaFor example, in Passive BCI, you can think of moving left, and this thought to move left is sent to the computer by an intermediate brain mapping device that detects the change in electric potentials at various locations on the scalp and sends this information. The computer can then run algorithms to decode this thought of moving left and voila, you can use this to control a car in a game. Yes, it does sound very futuristic, and yes, it is.
例如，在Passive BCI中，您可以想到向左移動，并且這種向左移動的想法通過中間的大腦測繪設備發送到計算機，該設備將檢測頭皮上各個位置的電勢變化并發送此信息。 然后，計算機可以運行算法來解碼這種向左移動和瞧的想法，您可以使用它來控制游戲中的汽車。 是的，聽起來確實很未來，是的。
是什么使BCI成為可能？ (What makes BCI possible?)
Two factors are primarily responsible for the possibility of BCI. First is the behavior of our brain, and the second is the Advancement in technology.
BCI的可能性主要由兩個因素造成。 首先是我們大腦的行為，其次是技術的進步。
1.固有的大腦功能 (1. The inherent brain functioning)
The functioning of our brain is quite fascinating. The brain is filled up with neurons, and whenever we think of something, these neurons are at work, transferring information from one part of the body to the other in the form of electrical signals. These signals can sometimes travel with speeds of 150m/s. The paths the signals take are mostly insulated, but some signals do escape. It is these signals that we try to read using a BCI device and decode them.
我們大腦的功能十分迷人。 大腦充滿了神經元，每當我們想到某些東西時，這些神經元便開始工作，以電信號的形式將信息從身體的一部分傳遞到另一部分。 這些信號有時可以150m / s的速度傳播。 信號所經過的路徑大部分是絕緣的，但有些信號確實會逸出。 我們嘗試使用BCI設備讀取并解碼這些信號。
Source: ResearchGate資料來源：ResearchGateThere are electrodes placed at a few standard locations around the brain, as shown in the image above, and these electrodes then catch the micro-voltage differences going on around the outer portion of our brain. The number of locations for the electrodes to be placed for exploiting brain wave information varies from task to task. Some might require signals from all parts of the brain, while for other tasks, the signal from one or two lobes is sufficient.
如上圖所示，在大腦周圍的幾個標準位置放置了電極，然后這些電極捕獲了在大腦外部周圍發生的微電壓差。 用于放置腦電波信息的電極的位置數量因任務而異。 有些可能需要來自大腦各個部位的信號，而對于其他任務，來自一個或兩個瓣的信號就足夠了。
2.計算技術的飛速發展 (2. Rapid Advancement in computation techniques)
The first-ever EEG(Electroencephalography) signal was recorded way back in 1924. Researchers started their discussions on the possibility of a Brain Computer Interface in the 1970s. However, the breakthroughs were seen happening in the late 2000s.
最早的EEG(腦電圖)信號是在1924年記錄的。研究人員在1970年代開始討論腦計算機接口的可能性。 然而，看到突破發生在2000年代后期。
People had the techniques ready by the 1980s but were limited by the compute power available to them. The Y2K revolution and other discoveries that followed blessed the research community with low cost, high power machines capable of performing complex computations. Techniques such as Machine Learning started taking a practical shape, and now the algorithms proved theoretically could be tested.
人們在1980年代就已經準備好了這些技術，但是受到他們可用的計算能力的限制。 隨之而來的Y2K革命和其他發現為研究界提供了能夠執行復雜計算的低成本，高功率機器。 諸如機器學習之類的技術開始形成實用形式，現在該算法在理論上已被證明可以進行測試。
For brain-computer interfaces especially, where there’s a significant need for classification of different signal types, advances in Machine Learning techniques proved to be a significant driving force for the success of BCI as a research field.
特別是對于非常需要對不同信號類型進行分類的腦機接口，機器學習技術的進步被證明是BCI作為研究領域成功的重要推動力。
當前場景 (Current Scenario)
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has been studied with the fundamental goal of helping disabled people communicate with the outside world using brain signals. In particular, a large body of research has been reported in the electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI research field during recent years. The video below gives a good idea of the possibilities with BCI in today’s world.
已經研究了腦機接口(BCI)技術，其基本目標是幫助殘疾人使用腦信號與外界進行交流。 特別是，近年來，基于腦電圖(EEG)的BCI研究領域已進行了大量研究。 下面的視頻很好地說明了BCI在當今世界中的可能性。
演示地址
Brain-Computer Interface — Mysteries of the Brain | National Science Foundation腦機接口—腦的奧秘 國家科學基金會BCI research has provided an avant-garde approach to reach the goal of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Control using the brain, and that is phenomenal. Deep Learning has undoubtedly accelerated the progress in BCI, and today, Deep Learning-based Brain Computer Interface is a field in itself.
BCI研究提供了一種前衛的方法來達到使用大腦進行無人飛行器遠程控制的目標，這是驚人的。 深度學習無疑加速了BCI的發展，如今，基于深度學習的腦計算機接口本身就是一個領域。
It’s mindboggling to see how close we get each day in understanding how the most complicated thing ever known, the human brain, functions. The possibilities of BCI technology are nowhere near exhausted. Soon, you can expect playing games solely controlled with your brain, and well, this might give a whole new definition to the term ‘multitasking.’
令人難以置信的是，我們每天都在了解人類所知的最復雜的事物如何運作方面有多近。 BCI技術的可能性遠未耗盡。 很快，您可以期望玩完全由大腦控制的游戲，而且，這可能給“多任務”一詞帶來全新的定義。
BCI的未來 (Future with BCI)
I personally, as a tech enthusiast, can’t wait to see how BCI will positively impact our lives. The technology could build up a whole new dimension in the field of medicine. A study at Stanford University showed why BCI technology would continue to grow in relevance to medicine. The study brings out the application of BCI technology to three paralytic patients (two with ALS and one with a spinal cord injury).
作為技術愛好者，我個人迫不及待地想看看BCI將如何積極影響我們的生活。 該技術可以在醫學領域建立一個全新的維度。 斯坦福大學的一項研究表明，為什么BCI技術將繼續與醫學相關地發展。 該研究將BCI技術應用于三名癱瘓患者(兩名患有ALS，一名患有脊髓損傷)。
In the study, these patients could successfully move an on-screen cursor by imagining the necessary hand movements. Isn’t it indeed a techno-marvel. Non-invasive BCI, which is BCI without any implants, is undoubtedly something to look out for in the near future. Non-invasive BCI products can be expected to be seen in the mainstream market within a few years.
在這項研究中，這些患者可以通過想象必要的手部動作來成功地移動屏幕上的光標。 確實不是一個技術奇跡。 無創BCI，即沒有植入物的BCI，無疑是在不久的將來值得期待的東西。 非侵入性BCI產品有望在幾年內出現在主流市場中。
Source: DroneBelow資料來源：DroneBelowThe breakthroughs around more efficient methods of acquiring brain signals with non-invasive EEG devices are indicative of our future with BCI.
使用非侵入性EEG設備獲取腦信號的更有效方法的突破，標志著我們BCI的未來。
“Everything we do, every thought we’ve ever had, is produced by the human brain. But exactly how it operates remains one of the biggest unsolved mysteries, and it seems the more we probe its secrets, the more surprises we find. “
“我們所做的一切，我們曾經做過的每件事，都是人類的大腦產生的。 但是它的確切運行方式仍然是最大的未解之謎之一，似乎我們越探索它的秘密，就會發現更多的驚喜。 “
Neil deGrasse Tyson
尼爾·德格拉斯·泰森
進一步閱讀： (Further readings:)
Brain-Computer Interfaces in Medicine
醫學中的腦機接口
Forbes list on 10 Companies Working On Reading Your Thoughts
《福布斯》(Forbes)列出了十家致力于閱讀您的想法的公司
Latest Publication on BCI
關于BCI的最新出版物
TED | How to control someone else’s arm with your brain | Greg Gage
TED | 如何用大腦控制別人的手臂。 格雷格·蓋奇
Also, Check out
另外，退房
I hope you loved it! See you soon :)
我希望你喜歡它！ 再見 ：)
翻譯自: https://medium.com/swlh/heard-about-brain-computer-interfaces-22bfb82388f
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