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Ospf 在廣播網絡中建立鄰居關系的詳細過程 目的：觀察在廣播網絡中，OSPF建立鄰接關系的過程 拓撲及設備需求 拓撲： 圖片1 設備需求：3臺路由器，ios版本為12.2 需求：配置3臺路由器的以太網接口，參與OSPF，使3臺路由器建立鄰接關系 參考答案＆測試過程： Ospf 在廣播網絡中建立鄰居關系的詳細過程

目的：觀察在廣播網絡中，OSPF建立鄰接關系的過程
拓撲及設備需求
??????? 拓撲：
?
圖片1
設備需求：3臺路由器，ios版本為12.2 需求：配置3臺路由器的以太網接口，參與OSPF，使3臺路由器建立鄰接關系
參考答案＆測試過程：
配置： R1(config)#interface e0
???? R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
???? R1(config-if)#no shut
???? R1(config-if)#router ospf 1
???? R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 R2(config)#interface e0
???? R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
???? R2(config-if)#no shut
???? R2(config-if)#router ospf 1
???? R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 R3(config)#interface e0
???? R3(config-if)ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
???? R3(config-if)#no shut
???? R3(config-if)#router ospf 1
???? R3(config-if)#network 10.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
????
效果：
??? 1.使用show命令觀察參與ospf的接口，及ospf建立鄰接關系的過程
R1#show ip ospf interface brief
Interface??? PID?? Area??????????? IP Address/Mask??? Cost? State Nbrs F/C
Et0????????? 1???? 0?????????????? 10.1.1.1/24??????? 10??? DROTH 2/2 R2#show ip ospf interface brief
Interface??? PID?? Area??????????? IP Address/Mask??? Cost? State Nbrs F/C
Et0????????? 1???? 0?????????????? 10.1.1.2/24??????? 10??? BDR?? 2/2 Rack12R3#show ip ospf interface brief
Interface??? PID?? Area??????????? IP Address/Mask??? Cost? State Nbrs F/C
Et0/0??????? 1???? 0?????????????? 10.1.1.3/24??????? 10??? DR??? 2/2 可以看到，在缺省情況下，各個路由器的接口優先級相同，所以選舉DR、BDR時比較的是接口IP地址。R3作為DR，R2作為BDR，R1為DROTHER。
2.使用show命令關系ospf鄰接關系
2R1#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID???? Pri?? State?????????? Dead Time?? Address???????? Interface
10.1.1.2????????? 1?? FULL/BDR??????? 00:00:32??? 10.1.1.2??????? Ethernet0
10.1.1.3????????? 1?? FULL/DR???????? 00:00:30??? 10.1.1.3??????? Ethernet0 R2#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID???? Pri?? State?????????? Dead Time?? Address???????? Interface
10.1.1.1????????? 1?? FULL/DROTHER??? 00:00:35??? 10.1.1.1??????? Ethernet0
10.1.1.3????????? 1?? FULL/DR???????? 00:00:37??? 10.1.1.3??????? Ethernet0 R3#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID???? Pri?? State?????????? Dead Time?? Address???????? Interface
10.1.1.1????????? 1?? FULL/DROTHER??? 00:00:31??? 10.1.1.1??????? Ethernet0
10.1.1.2????????? 1?? FULL/BDR??????? 00:00:36??? 10.1.1.2??????? Ethernet0 可以看到，在廣播網絡中，ospf建立鄰接關系不需要管理員的干涉，而是自動建立的。
3.使用debug觀察整個鄰接關系的建立過程
R1#debug ip ospf event
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.327: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 . Ethernet0 from 10.
1.1.1?? （為224.0.0.5為目的發送hello包，發現鄰居）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.811: OSPF: Rcv hello from 10.1.1.2 area 0 from Ethernet0 10.1.1
.2????? （接收到鄰居10.1.1.2發送的hello包）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.815: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0, state
2WAY?? （10.1.1.2的hello包中的鄰居列表包含自己的Router ID）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.819: OSPF: Backup seen Event before WAIT timer . Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.823: OSPF: DR/BDR election . Ethernet0
（2-Way狀態后，廣播網絡需要選舉DR、BDR）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.823: OSPF: Elect BDR 10.1.1.2
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.827: OSPF: Elect DR 10.1.1.2
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.827:??????? DR: 10.1.1.2 (Id)?? BDR: 10.1.1.2 (Id)
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.831: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x116B opt 0x5
2 flag 0x7 len 32
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.839: OSPF: End of hello processing
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.843: OSPF: Rcv hello from 10.1.1.3 area 0 from Ethernet0 10.1.1
.3
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.847: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0, state
2WAY
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.851: OSPF: Neighbor change Event . interface Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.851: OSPF: DR/BDR election . Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.855: OSPF: Elect BDR 10.1.1.2
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.855: OSPF: Elect DR 10.1.1.3
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.859:??????? DR: 10.1.1.3 (Id)?? BDR: 10.1.1.2 (Id)
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.863: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 seq 0x4EC opt 0x52
?flag 0x7 len 32
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.867: OSPF: Remember old DR 10.1.1.2 (id)
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.871: OSPF: Neighbor change Event . interface Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.871: OSPF: DR/BDR election . Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.871: OSPF: Elect BDR 10.1.1.2
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.875: OSPF: Elect DR 10.1.1.3
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.879:??????? DR: 10.1.1.3 (Id)?? BDR: 10.1.1.2 (Id)
（選舉結果，若優先級相同，則IP地址大的為DR或BDR）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.879: OSPF: End of hello processing
（2-Way狀態結束，開始發送DD包）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.887: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x1345 opt 0x
52 flag 0x7 len 32? mtu 1500 state EXSTART
?（發送數據庫描述包，確認同步的主從關系進入ExStart狀態）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.891: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the SLAVE
???????????????????????? （協商完畢，IP地址低的為從）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.891: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x1345 opt 0x5
2 flag 0x2 len 52
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.899: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 seq 0x3B0 opt 0x5
2 flag 0x7 len 32? mtu 1500 state EXSTART
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.903: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the SLAVE
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.907: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 seq 0x3B0 opt 0x52
?flag 0x2 len 52
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.915: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x1346 opt 0x
52 flag 0x3 len 92? mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
（從10.1.1.2收到DD包，確認數據庫是否相同,進入Exchange狀態）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.919: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x1346 opt 0x5
2 flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.927: OSPF: Database request to 10.1.1.2
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.927: OSPF: sent LS REQ packet to 10.1.1.2, length 36
（向10.1.1.2發送鏈路狀態請求包，進入loading狀態）
*Mar? 1 00:26:54.999: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 seq 0x3B1 opt 0x5
2 flag 0x3 len 92? mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.003: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 seq 0x3B1 opt 0x52
?flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.011: OSPF: Database request to 10.1.1.3
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.015: OSPF: sent LS REQ packet to 10.1.1.3, length 36
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.019: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x1347 opt 0x
52 flag 0x1 len 32? mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.019: OSPF: Exchange Done with 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.023: OSPF: Send DBD to 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 seq 0x1347 opt 0x5
2 flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.035: OSPF: Synchronized with 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0, state FULL
（進入Full狀態，開始同步數據庫）
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.039: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.1.1.2 . Ethernet0 from
LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.047: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 seq 0x3B2 opt 0x5
2 flag 0x1 len 32? mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.051: OSPF: Exchange Done with 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.051: OSPF: Synchronized with 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0, state FULL
*Mar? 1 00:26:55.055: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.1.1.3 . Ethernet0 from
LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
總結：在廣播網絡中，OSPF通過以組地址224.0.0.5為目的發送hello包，自動發現鄰居，并選舉DR、BDR，所有非DR與DR、BDR建立Full鄰接關系，同步數據庫 來源：www.ccxx.net 作者:甘在偉

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhovjvn/132294

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