International English Language Testing System - IELTS - 雅思
International English Language Testing System - IELTS - 雅思
The International English Language Testing System, or IELTS? /?a?.?lts/, is an international standardised test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge Assessment English, and was established in 1989.
IELTS 于 1989 年設立，由澳大利亞教育國際開發署 (IDP) 和劍橋大學考試委員會和英國文化協會共同舉辦。
Institutions are advised not to consider a report older than two years to be valid, unless the user proves that they have worked to maintain their level.
雅思考試成績的有效期限為兩年。
1. Academic Module and General Training Module
IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training are designed to cover the full range of ability from non-user to expert user. The Academic version is for test takers who want to study at tertiary level in an English-speaking country or seek professional registration. The General Training version is for test takers who want to work, train, study at a secondary school or migrate to an English-speaking country.
兩種模式可供選擇：學術類 (A) 和培訓類 (G)。學術類測試是為那些想進入大學或其它高等教育機構的人士而設。
培訓類測試則是為那些計劃開始非學術性的訓練，獲得工作經驗，或者以移民為目的的人士而設。
The Band Scale ranges from 0 (“Did not attempt the test”) to 9 (“Expert User”).
每種語言技巧都有相應的分數 (聽、說、讀、寫)。總分的范圍從 1 (不懂英語) 到 9 (母語專家程度)，如果缺考、白卷或者因作弊被取消成績，則為 0 分。
All test takers take the same Listening and Speaking tests, while the Reading and Writing tests differ depending on whether the test taker is taking the Academic or General Training versions of the test.
兩組的聽力與口語考題是相同的，閱讀與寫作的題目則因組別而異。
2. The four parts of the IELTS test
Listening: 30 minutes (plus 10 minutes’ transfer time)
Reading: 60 minutes
Writing: 60 minutes
Speaking: 11-14 minutes
The test total time is: 2 hours and 45 minutes.
閱讀與寫作沒有為填寫答題卡設立專門時間段。
Listening, Reading and Writing are completed in one sitting. The Speaking test may be taken on the same day or up to seven days before or after the other tests.
3. Scoring
Test takers receive a score for each test component - Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. The individual scores are then averaged and rounded to produce an Overall Band Score.
聽力考試和閱讀考試為標準化考試，根據答對題目的多少進行評分，允許有 0.5 分存在。寫作和口語則由考官根據標準評定。
3.1 Band scale
There is no pass or fail. IELTS is scored on a nine-band scale, with each band corresponding to a specified competence in English. Overall Band Scores are reported to the nearest half band.
The following rounding convention applies: if the average across the four skills ends in .25, it is rounded up to the next half band, and if it ends in .75, it is rounded up to the next whole band.
將所有 4 個科目的成績求平均，并四舍五入到 0.5 分，就得到本次考試的總評分數。若達 .25 分則四舍五入至 .5 分，若達 .75 分則四舍五入至下一滿分 (若平均分數為 6.375，則總評分數會顯示 6.5；但如果平均分數為 6.125，則總評分數會顯示 6.0)。
The nine bands are described as follows:
| 9 | Expert User | Has full operational command of the language: appropriate, accurate and fluent with complete understanding. |
| 8 | Very Good User | Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well. |
| 7 | Good User | Has operational command of the language, though with occasional inaccuracies, inappropriateness and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning. |
| 6 | Competent User | Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly complex language, particularly in familiar situations. |
| 5 | Modest User | Has partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in most situations, though is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able to handle basic communication in own field. |
| 4 | Limited User | Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language. |
| 3 | Extremely Limited User | Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations. Frequent breakdowns in communication occur. |
| 2 | Intermittent User | No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English. |
| 1 | Non User | Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words. |
| 0 | Did not attempt the test | No assessable information provided at all. |
4. IELTS test structure
4.1 Listening
The module comprises four sections, with ten questions in each section. It takes 40 minutes: 30 - for testing, plus 10 for transferring the answers to an answer sheet.
Sections 1 and 2 are about everyday, social situations.
- Section 1 has a conversation between two speakers (for example, a conversation about travel arrangements)
- Section 2 has one person speaking (for example, a speech about local facilities).
Sections 3 and 4 are about educational and training situations
- Section 3 is a conversation between two main speakers (for example, a discussion between two university students, perhaps guided by a tutor)
- Section 4 has one person speaking about an academic subject.
Each section begins with a short introduction telling the test taker about the situation and the speakers. Then they have some time to look through the questions. The questions are in the same order as the information in the recording, so the answer to the first question will be before the answer to the second question, and so on. The first three sections have a break in the middle allowing test takers to look at the remaining questions. Each section is heard only once.
At the end of the test students are given 10 minutes to transfer their answers to an answer sheet. Test takers will lose marks for incorrect spelling and grammar
conversation [?k?nv?'se??(?)n]：n. 交談，會話，社交，交往，交際，會談，(人與計算機的) 人機對話 facility [f?'s?l?ti]：n. 設施，設備，容易，靈巧，才能，天賦4.2 Reading
The Reading paper has three sections and texts totaling 2,150-2,750 words. There will be a variety of question types, such as multiple choice, short-answer questions, identifying information, identifying writer’s views, labeling diagrams, completing a summary using words taken from the text and matching information/headings/features in the text/sentence endings. Test takers should be careful when writing down their answers as they will lose marks for incorrect spelling and grammar.
答題方式亦包含配對、是非、填充、選擇、簡答、標簽題等。
Texts in IELTS Academic
- Three reading texts, which come from books, journals, magazines, newspapers and online resources written for non-specialist audiences. All the topics are of general interest to students at undergraduate or postgraduate level.
Texts in IELTS General Training
- Section 1 contains two or three short texts or several shorter texts, which deal with everyday topics. For example, timetables or notices - things a person would need to understand when living in an English-speaking country.
- Section 2 contains two texts, which deal with work. For example, job descriptions, contracts, training materials.
- Section 3 contains one long text about a topic of general interest. The text is generally descriptive, longer and more complex than the texts in Sections 1 and 2. The text will be taken from a newspaper, magazine, book or online resource.
4.3 Writing
The Writing paper has two tasks which must both be completed. In task 1 test takers write at least 150 words in about 20 minutes. In task 2 test takers write at least 250 words in about 40 minutes. Test takers will be penalised if their answer is too short or does not relate to the topic. Answers should be written in full sentences (test takers must not use notes or bullet points).
IELTS Academic
- Task 1: test takers describe a graph, table, chart or diagram in their own words. (Task 1 為圖表練習，以描述及比較各類圖表為主，考生需于 20 分鐘內寫完 150 字的描述。)
- Task 2: test takers discuss a point of view, argument or problem. Depending on the task, test takers may be required to present a solution to a problem, present and justify an opinion, compare and contrast evidence, opinions and implications, and evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or an argument. (Task 2 則為申論題，范圍廣且有深度，考生需按題目分析及表達個人意見或做優缺點比較等。)
IELTS General Training
- Task 1: test takers write a letter in response to a given everyday situation. For example, writing to an accommodation officer about problems with your accommodation, writing to a new employer about problems managing your time, writing to a local newspaper about a plan to develop a local airport.
- Task 2: test takers write an essay about a topic of general interests. For example, whether smoking should be banned in public places, whether children’s leisure activities should be educational, how environmental problems can be solved.
4.4 Speaking
The speaking test is a face-to-face interview between the test taker and an examiner.
口說測驗是一對一進行，主考官會首先就考生的一些個人問題發問，并選擇話題加以展開。到一定程度后，考官出示題目卡，要求考生就題目所涉及內容進行回答并適當展開論述，時間不少于一分鐘。最后，考官會就一些深入的話題與考生進行討論，以考察考生的應對能力。總長度時限為 14 分鐘。
The speaking test contains three sections.
-
Section 1: introduction and interview (4-5 minutes). Test takers may be asked about their home, family, work, studies, hobbies, interests, reasons for taking IELTS exam as well as other general topics such as clothing, free time, computers and the Internet.
考生和考官先做自我介紹。接著，考生將回答有關其本身的一些個人問題，包括居住的地方、家人、工作/學業情況、嗜好以及任何其他相關的問題。這部分的會話時間是 4-5 分鐘。 -
Section 2: long turn (3-4 minutes). Test takers are given a task card about a particular topic. Test takers have one minute to prepare to talk about this topic. The task card states the points that should be included in the talk and one aspect of the topic which must be explained during the talk. Test takers are then expected to talk about the topic for 2 minutes, after which the examiner may ask one or two questions.
考生將拿到一個題目和一些提示，必須針對特定題目發言。考生有 1 分鐘的準備時間，并可以做筆記。發言時間是 1-2 分鐘。考生發言完畢后，考官將提出一兩個問題。 -
Section 3: discussions (4-5 minutes). The third section involves a discussion between the examiner and the test taker, generally on questions relating to the theme which they have already spoken about in Section 2.
考官和考生針對比較深奧的課題進行討論，而這些課題的主題將與第二部分的題目有關。討論時間是 4-5 分鐘。
References
https://www.ielts.org/
https://www.chinaielts.org/
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