Active Directory PowerShell模块收集AD信息
0x00 前言簡介
Microsoft為Windows Server 2008 R2（以及更高版本）提供了多個Active Directory PowerShell cmdlet，這大大簡化了以前需要將涉及到的ADSI冗長代碼行放在一起的任務。
在Windows客戶端上，需要安裝遠程服務器管理工具（RSAT）并確保已安裝Active Directory PowerShell模塊。而在Windows服務器（2008 R2或更高版本）上的 PowerShell控制臺（作為管理員）中運行如下命令：Import-Module? ServerManager ; Add-WindowsFeature RSAT-AD-PowerShell。
0x01? AD的目錄預覽
AD PowerShell cmdlet和以下方式執行效果一樣：
Import-module ?activeDirectory
$UserID = “JoeUser”
Get-ADUser $UserID –property *
需要值得注意的是使用PowerShell v3版本以及高版本，你無需運行第一行命令，因為PowerShell的將識別必要的模塊和自動加載它。一旦加載了Active Directory PowerShell模塊，就可以像瀏覽文件系統那樣瀏覽AD。命令如下：
Ps> Import-module? activeDirectory
Ps>dir ad:
Ps>set-location? ad:
Ps >set-location? “dc=lab,dc=adsecurity,dc=org”
Ps>dir
0x02 查找有用的命令（Cmdlet）
1.基本的模塊和統計
發現可用的PowerShell模塊：Get-Module -ListAvailable
在PowerShell模塊中發現cmdlet：Get-Command -module ActiveDirectory
PowerShell AD模塊的Cmdlet個數：
(Get-Command -module ActiveDirectory).count
- Windows Server 2008 R2: 76 cmdlets
- Windows Server 2012: 135 cmdlets
- Windows Server 2012 R2: 147 cmdlets
- Windows Server 2016:?147 cmdlets
WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2主要的cmdlets：
? Get/Set-ADForest
? Get/Set-ADDomain
? Get/Set-ADDomainController
? Get/Set-ADUser
? Get/Set-ADComputer
? Get/Set-ADGroup
? Get/Set-ADGroupMember
? Get/Set-ADObject
? Get/Set-ADOrganizationalUnit
? Enable-ADOptionalFeature
? Disable/Enable-ADAccount
? Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole
? New-ADUser
? New-ADComputer
? New-ADGroup
? New-ADObject
? New-ADOrganizationalUnit
WINDOWS SERVER 2012含以版本一些新的cmdlets:
? *-ADResourcePropertyListMember
? *-ADAuthenticationPolicy
? *-ADAuthenticationPolicySilo
? *-ADCentralAccessPolicy
? *-ADCentralAccessRule
? *-ADResourceProperty
? *-ADResourcePropertyList
? *-ADResourcePropertyValueType
? *-ADDCCloneConfigFile
? *-ADReplicationAttributeMetadata
? *-ADReplicationConnection
? *-ADReplicationFailure
? *-ADReplicationPartnerMetadata
? *-ADReplicationQueueOperation
? *-ADReplicationSite
? *-ADReplicationSiteLink
? *-ADReplicationSiteLinkBridge
? *-ADReplicationSubnet
? *-ADReplicationUpToDatenessVectorTable
? Sync-ADObject
2.發現全局目錄 GLOBAL CATALOGS (GCS)
? Forest GCs（森林全局目錄）：
import-module ActiveDirectory
$ADForest = Get-ADForest
$ADForestGlobalCatalogs = $ADForest.GlobalCatalogs
? Domain DCs that are GCs（以域DCS的全局目錄）：
import-module ActiveDirectory
$DCsNotGCs = Get-ADDomainController -filter { IsGlobalCatalog -eq $True}
? Domain DCs that are not GCs（以非域DCS的全局目錄）：
import-module ActiveDirectory
$DCsNotGCs = Get-ADDomainController -filter { IsGlobalCatalog -eq $False }
3.查找Active Directory靈活單主機操作（FSMO）角色
活動目錄模塊：
（GET-ADForest）.SchemaMaster
（GET-ADForest）.DomainNamingMaster
（GET-ADDomain）.InfrastructureMaster
（GET-ADDomain）.PDCEmulator
（GET-ADDomain）.RIDMaster
.NET調用：
?Get the Current Domain:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().Name
?[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetComputerDomain().Name
? Get the Computer’s Site:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySite]::GetComputerSite()
? List All Domain Controllers in a Domain:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().DomainControllers
? Get Active Directory Domain Mode:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().DomainMode
? List Active Directory FSMOs:
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()).SchemaRoleOwner
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()).NamingRoleOwner
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).InfrastructureRoleOwner
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).PdcRoleOwner
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).RidRoleOwner
?Get Active Directory Forest Name:
?[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().Name
? Get a List of Sites in the Active Directory Forest:
?[array] $ADSites = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().Sites
? Get Active Directory Forest Domains:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().Domains
? Get Active Directory Forest Global Catalogs:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().GlobalCatalogs
? Get Active Directory Forest Mode:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().ForestMode
? Get Active Directory Forest Root Domain:
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().RootDomain
4.FSMO角色從一個DC移動到另一個DC
get-command -module activedirectory -noun *Master*
?Moving FSMO Roles:
?Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole -Identity $DCName -OperationMasterRole RIDMaster
Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole -Identity $DCName -
OperationMasterRole DomainNamingMaster
Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole -Identity $DCName -OperationMasterRole PDCEmulato
?Seizing FSMO Roles:
Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole -Identity $DCName -OperationMasterRole PDCEmulator –FORCE
0x03 Active Directory PowerShell模塊Cmdlet示例
1.Get-RootDSE
獲取有關LDAP服務器（域控制器）的信息并顯示其內容，結果中有一些有趣的信息，比如DC運行的操作系統信息。
?
2.Get-ADForest
提供有關運行該命令計算機所在的Active Directory森林信息。
?
3.Get-ADDomain
提供有關當前所在域的信息
4.Get-ADDomainController
提供特定于域控制器的計算機信息，通過cmdlet命令，可輕松查找到特定站點中的所有DC或運行OS版本信息。
?
5.Get-ADComputer
提供了關于AD中大多數計算機對象的信息，使用“-Prop *”參數運行的命令可以顯示所有標準屬性信息。
6.?AD計算機的統計
$Time = (Measure-Command `
{[array] $AllComputers = Get-ADComputer -filter * -properties
Name,CanonicalName,Enabled,passwordLastSet,SAMAccountName,LastLogonTimeSt
amp,DistinguishedName,OperatingSystem }).TotalMinutes
$AllComputersCount = $AllComputers.Count
Write-Output “There were $AllComputersCount Computers discovered in
$DomainDNS in $Time minutes… `r “
7.Get-ADUser
提供了想要了解有關AD用戶的大部分內容信息，使用“-Prop *”參數運行的命令可以顯示所有標準屬性信息。
?8.?AD用戶的統計
import-Module ActiveDirectory
$DomainDNS = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().Name
[array]$AllUsers = Get-ADUser -filter * -properties
Name,DistinguishedName,Enabled,LastLogonDate,LastLogonTimeStamp,LockedOut,msExchHom
eServerName,SAMAccountName
$AllUsersCount = $AllUsers.Count
Write-Output “There were $AllUsersCount user objects discovered in $ADDomainDNSRoot … “
[array] $DisabledUsers = $AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Enabled -eq $False }
$DisabledUsersCount = $DisabledUsers.Count
[array] $EnabledUsers = $AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Enabled -eq $True }
$EnabledUsersCount = $EnabledUsers.Count
Write-Output “There are $EnabledUsersCount Enabled users and there are $DisabledUsersCount
Disabled users in $DomainDNS “
9.Get-ADGroup
提供有關AD組的信息，運行如下命令可查找所有安全組：
Get-ADGroup -Filter {GroupCategory -eq ‘Security}
10.Get-ADGroupMember
枚舉并返回組成員信息，使用”-Recursive”參數可包括嵌套組的所有成員。
Get-ADGroupMember ‘Administrators’ -Recursive
11.查找非活動計算機
以下示例查找非活動（舊版本）計算機和用戶：在過去10天內未更改其密碼的帳戶。請注意，這是一個測試示例。對于實際的生產環境，將此建議更改為計算機的60到90天，用戶的180到365天的策略。
?
12.查找非活動用戶
13.枚舉域信任
14.獲取活動目錄的實施日期
15.獲取AD密碼策略
16.獲取AD站點信息
請注意Windows 2012模塊中包含站點的cmdlet（Get-ADReplicationSite?*）。
17.?獲得tombstonelifetime信息
18.AD的回收信息
Requires Forest Functional Mode = Windows Server 2008 R2
? Enable the Recycle Bin (as Enterprise Admin)
Enable-ADOptionalFeature –Identity ‘CN=Recycle Bin Feature,CN=Optional Features,CN=Directory
Service,CN=Windows NT,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=COM’ –Scope
ForestOrConfigurationSet –Target ‘DOMAIN.COM’
? Find all Deleted Users
$DeletedUsers = Get-ADObject -SearchBase “CN=Deleted Objects,DC=DOMAIN,DC=COM” -Filter
{ObjectClass -eq “user”} -IncludeDeletedObjects -Properties lastKnownParent
? Restore all Deleted Users
$DeletedUsers | Restore-ADObject
? Restore users deleted on a specific date
$ChangeDate = Get-Date (“1/1/2015″)
Get-ADObject -Filter { (whenChanged -eq $changeDate) -and (isDeleted -eq $true) -and (name -ne
“Deleted Objects”) -and (ObjectClass -eq “user”) } -IncludeDeletedObjects -Properties * | RestoreADObject
19.DOMAIN RID STATS（域 rid 統計）
?
20.備份域GPO
請注意，這需要安裝組策略PowerShell模塊，該模塊與Active Directory模塊分開。
21.查找AD Kerberos服務帳戶
22.?服務賬號腳本
https://github.com/PyroTek3/PowerShell-AD-Recon/blob/master/Find-PSServiceAccounts
使用SPNS在AD中發現服務：SQl
列出SQL服務：
https://github.com/PyroTek3/PowerShell-AD-Recon/blob/master/Discover-PSMSSQLServers
?
23.列出域控制器
Get-ADDomainController-filter * |?`select hostname，IPv4Address，IsGlobalCatalog，IsReadOnly，OperatingSystem |?`format-table -auto
24.DOMAIN CONTROLLERS DISCOVERY（域控制器的發現）
? Discover PDCe in domain（發現域的PDCe）
Get-ADDomainController –Discover –ForceDiscover –Service “PrimaryDC” –
DomainName “lab.adsecurity.org”
? Discover DCs in a Site（發現站點的DCs）
Get-ADDomainController –Discover –Site “HQ”
? Find all Read-Only Domain Controllers that are GCs(查找所有作為GCs的只讀域控制器)
Get-ADDomainController –filter `
{ (isGlobalCatalog –eq $True) –AND (isReadOnly –eq $True) }
25.AD數據庫完整性檢查
Write-Output "Checking the NTDS database for errors (semantic database
analysis) `r "
Stop-Service ntds -force
$NTDSdbChecker = ntdsutil "activate instance ntds" "semantic database
analysis" "verbose on" "Go" q q
Start-Service ntds
Write-Output "Results of Active Directory database integrity check: `r "
$NTDSdbChecker
26.Get-ADReplicationPartnerMetadata
Windows Server 2012及更高版本，此命令用于顯示目標DC復制伙伴的復制元數據
?
27.Get-ADReplicationPartnerFailure
提供有關DC復制失敗狀態的信息，此命令顯示AD復制錯誤的描述，CMDLETS (2012)
?
28.Get-ADReplicationUptodatenessVectorTable
跟蹤域控制器之間的復制狀態，CMDLETS (2012)
29.AD Web服務（ADWS）
需要在目標DC上運行AD Web服務（ADWS）（TCP 9389）
Get-ADDomainController –Discover –Service “ADWS”
?
30.REPADMIN（目錄復制工具） VS. POWERSHELL
| REPADMIN | PowerShell |
| ? | 2012 Cmdlets |
| /FailCache | Get-ADReplicationFailure |
| /Queue | Get-ADReplicationQueueOperation |
| /ReplSingleObj | Sync-ADObject |
| /ShowConn | Get-ADReplicationConnection |
| /ShowObjMeta | Get-ADReplicationAttributeMetadata |
| /ShowRepl | Get-ADReplicationPartnerMetadata |
| /ShowUTDVec | Get-ADReplicationUpToDatenessVectorTable |
| /SiteOptions | Set-ADReplicationSite |
| ? | 2008 R2 Cmdlets |
| /ShowAttr | Get-ADObject |
| /SetAttr | Set-ADObject |
| /PRP | Get-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicy |
| Add-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicy | ? |
| Remove-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicy | ? |
| Get-ADAccountResultantPasswordReplicationPolicy | ? |
| Get-ADDomainControllerPasswordReplicationPolicyUsage | ? |
?
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/backlion/p/9267100.html
總結
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