程序员的算法趣题Q68: 异性相邻的座位安排(1)
目錄
1. 問題描述
2. 解題分析
3. 代碼及測試
4. 后記
1. 問題描述
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????????這道題的描述應該是有問題的(不知道是原文的問題還是翻譯的問題)。
????????前面的描述中提到“前后左右的座位全是異性”和NG示例中的“前后左右全是同性”兩種情況。問題中所要求滿足的“上述條件”是什么呢?僅從上下文來看第一感當然是說“前后左右的座位全是異性”。但是仔細一想就知道這個不對,每個座位的“前后左右的座位都是異性”的安排情況只有兩種。
????????“前后左右的座位全是異性”和“前后左右全是同性”的兩種極端情況之間還有巨大的灰色空間。問題的原意應該是指滿足“任何一個座位的前后左右不全是同性(或至少有一個異性)”的情況吧?
2. 解題分析
????????先考慮一個基本方案。
????????從搜索方式來說,這個問題與前面的Q32和Q59等題有類似之處。只需要基于Q32或Q59的基本框架略作修改即可。
????????要點說明:
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3. 代碼及測試
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Tue Oct 19 07:39:48 2021@author: chenxy """import sys import time import datetime import math # import random from typing import List from collections import deque import itertools as it import numpy as npH = 5 # Height, vertical W = 6 # Width, horizontal# seats initialization, with a guard band surrounding the original seats # The guard band is initialized to '-1' to simplify the judgement processing. seats = np.zeros((H+2, W+2)) seats[0,:] = -1 seats[H+1,:] = -1 seats[:,0] = -1 seats[:,W+1] = -1count = 0def isNG(h,w):if seats[h,w] == -1:return Falsereturn (seats[h+1,w]==seats[h,w] or seats[h+1,w]==-1) and \(seats[h-1,w]==seats[h,w] or seats[h-1,w]==-1) and \(seats[h,w+1]==seats[h,w] or seats[h,w+1]==-1) and \(seats[h,w-1]==seats[h,w] or seats[h,w-1]==-1) def arrange_seat(h,w, boy, girl)->int:'''Parameters----------(h,w) : The current exploration point. h represents row index, w represents col index.Returns: intThe number of total arrangement starting from the point (h,w), together with the current seats status, which is a global variable''' global count# print('h = {0}, w = {1}'.format(h,w))if h == H + 1:if boy == girl:count = count + 1# print(seats) elif w == W + 1: # Go to the next row.# Reach the right boundary, go to explore the next row from the left arrange_seat(h+1, 1, boy, girl)# elif seats[h,w] > 0: # # This grid has been occupied, move to the right one# arrange_seat(h, w+1)else:# Try to arrange boy to the current seat(h,w)seats[h,w] = 1if not (isNG(h-1,w) or isNG(h,w-1) or isNG(h,w)):arrange_seat(h,w+1, boy+1, girl) seats[h,w] = 0# Try to arrange girl to the current seat(h,w)seats[h,w] = 2if not (isNG(h-1,w) or isNG(h,w-1) or isNG(h,w)):arrange_seat(h,w+1, boy, girl+1) seats[h,w] = 0tStart = time.perf_counter() arrange_seat(1, 1, 0, 0) tCost = time.perf_counter() - tStart print('count = {0}, tCost = {1:6.3f}(sec)'.format(count,tCost))運行結果:? ? ? ??
? ? ? ? [3,4]: count = 354, tCost = ?0.014(sec)?
? ? ? ? [4,5]: count = 34874, tCost = ?1.649(sec)
? ? ? ? [5,6]: count = 13374192, tCost = 803.130(sec)
4. 后記
????????跟昨天的Q69一樣,給出一個功能正確的方案并不難,但是運行太慢了!所以這些問題的難點在于如何提高運行效率,比如說書中所提示的剪枝,還有memoization等啊?容我再想一想。。。
? ? ? ? 上一篇:Q67: 不挨著坐是一種禮節嗎?
? ? ? ? 下一篇:Q69: 藍白歌會(1)??? ?
? ? ? ? 本系列總目錄參見:程序員的算法趣題:詳細分析和Python全解
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