英语基础-语态
英語中有主動語態和被動語態兩種。主動語態中主語是動作的發出者，被動語態中主語是動作的承受者。
例句：應該建議學生們多做運動以保持健康。
We should advise students to take more exercise to keep fit.
上面的主語we用的不夠客觀，可以把上面的賓語提前，改成被動語態。
Students should be advised to do more exercise to keep fit.
1. 什么是語態？
I ?love ?you.? ?=>我愛你
You ?are??loved??by ?me.? =>你被我愛著
2. 被動語態的結構
You are loved by ?me.?
be + 動詞過去分詞?+ ( by )
3. 被動語態的用法
1. 這個會議被取消了。
The meeting was cancelled by the boss.
2. 食物每天都會供應給大家。
Food is provided for everyone.?
3. 由于他的出色表現，他受到了老師的表揚。
For his splendid performance, he was? prised by his teacher.
4. 主動語態 和 被動語態 的轉換
1. 把賓語變成主語；
2. 把謂語動詞變成?be+動詞過去分詞；
3. 主語需要保留的話，就用by連接在后面；
4. 其他不變
I love the beautiful lady very much. =>?The beautiful lady is loved by me very much.
試試看：用主動和被動翻譯
1. 我們必須完成這個任務！
We must finish the job.
The job must be finish by us.
2. 他們2點的時候開始了這個會議。
They commenced the meeting at 2 PM.
The meeting was commenced by them.
3. 我們應該尊敬老人。
We should respect?senior citizens.
Senior citizens should be respected by us.
5. 無被動的情況
1. 系動詞無被動
I am Li?Lei. ?
I appear handsome.
2. 表示?“發生” / “爆發” 的動詞或詞組無被動
發生：happen/occur/take place
爆發：burst out/break out
A car accident happened.
The war broke out.
3. 表示“有”，無被動，如: have/own/possess
I possess a good idea.
4. belong to 表示?“屬于”無被動
The good idea belongs to me.
5. 不及物動詞無被動
The monster died.
I laugh.
6. 語態練習
6.1. 找出下列句子的謂語
1. English is spoken by many people.
2. The important problems were discussed in the meeting.
3. The plan was successfully carried out.
4. You loving me, I am loved by the whole world.
5. The meeting was concluded by our boss at 2 pm.
6. The holiday?villa and the castle were?built at the same time.
6.2. 將下列句子改成被動
1. Ming watched TV just now.
The TV was watched by Ming now.
2. An earthquake took place in this area.
本句表示"發生”沒有被動.
3. We will take care of this baby.
The baby will be taken care of by us.
4. Hong is mean, and she always laughs at her classmates.
Hong is mean, and classmates always are laughed at by her.
5. We should advise our?government to carry out new provisions.
Our government should be advised to carry out new provisions by us.
情態動詞后面加動詞原形，shoule=>be, will=>be, can=>be
7. 課后作業
7.1. 找出下列句子的謂語并改否定
1. His bicycle was stolen.
His bicycle was not stolen.
2. The house was built in 1950.
The house was not built in 1950.
3. He was awarded first prize in that contest.
He was not awarded first prize in that contest.
4. English is spoken in many countries.
English is not spoken in many countries.
5. Mr.?Wang is invited to the meeting today.
Mr.Wang is not invited to the meeting today.
6. The apple was eaten by me.
The apple was not eaten by me.
7. This question was discussed at the meeting yesterday.
This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday.
8. A meeting will be held next week.
A meeting will be not held next week.
9. The project will be completed before July. ?
The project will be not completed before July.
10. The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.
The Great Wall is not enjoyed by millinos of people all over the world.
7.2.?試著用被動語態翻譯出下列句子
1. 我會跑步。
I can run.
主謂結構，沒有賓語，沒有被動語態。
2. 中文是一門優秀的語言，很多人講中文。
Chinese proves an excellent language and it is spoken by a lot of people.
3. 老板取消了這個會議。
The conference is cancelled by the boss.
4. 小紅昨天打掃了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by Hong yesterday.
5. 因為他很優秀，老師獎勵了他一個禮物。
A gift was given to him by his teacher for he is prominent
Because of 名詞，Because of is 句子
6. 學生們將在明天完成這個任務。
The task will be accomplished by students tomorrow.
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