考研复试—专业课英语
一、常見專業(yè)術語縮寫
1、AI
artificial intelligence(人工智能)
2、ML
machine learning(機器學習)
3、SQL
structured query language(結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言)
4、URI
uniform resource identifier(統(tǒng)一資源標識符)
5、JSP
Java server pages(Java服務器頁面)
6、HTTP
hyper text transfer protocol(超文本傳輸協(xié)議)
7、SMTP
simple mail transfer protocol(簡單郵件傳輸協(xié)議)
8、LAN
local area network(局域網(wǎng))
9、WAN
wide area network(廣域網(wǎng))
10、DBMS
database management system(數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng))
11、DBA
database administrator(數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員)
12、IOT
Internet of things(物聯(lián)網(wǎng))
13、IT
information technology (信息技術)
14、SLC
software life cycle(軟件生命周期)
15、OOA
object-oriented analysis( 面向?qū)ο蠓治?#xff09;
16、OOD
object-oriented design(面向?qū)ο笤O計)
17、OOP
object-oriented programming (面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O計)
18、DM
data mining(數(shù)據(jù)挖掘)
19、UML
unified modeling language(統(tǒng)一建模語言)
20、XML
extensible markup language (可擴展標記語言)
21、IEEE
institute of electrical and electronic engineers(電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會)
22、URL
uniform resource locator(統(tǒng)一資源定位符)
23、DFD
data flow diagram (數(shù)據(jù)流圖)
24、ACM
association for computing machinery(國際計算機協(xié)會)
25、IP
Internet protocol(網(wǎng)際協(xié)議)
26、ARP
address resolution protocol(地址解析協(xié)議)
27、RARP
reverse adress resolution protocol(反向地址轉(zhuǎn)換協(xié)議)
28、TCP
transmission control protocol(傳輸控制協(xié)議)
29、UDP
user datagram protocol(用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議)
30、CSS
cascading style sheets(層疊樣式表)
31、FTP
file transfer protocol(文件傳輸協(xié)議)
32、ISP
Internet service provider(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務提供者)
33、RIP
routing information protocol(路由信息協(xié)議)
34、POP
post office protocol(郵局協(xié)議)
35、DNS
domain name system(域名系統(tǒng))
36、HTML
hyper text markup language(超文本標記語言)
37、MMU
memory management unit(內(nèi)存管理單元)
38、DSSA
domain specific software architecture(特定領域軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu))
39、ADT
abstract data type(抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型)
40、BIOS
basic input output system(基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng))
41、ADL
architecture description language(軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)描述語言)
42、ICMP
Internet control message protocol(Internet控制消息協(xié)議)
43、CPU
central processing unit(中央處理器)
44、USB
universal serial bus(通用串行總線)
45、CSMA/CD
carrier sense multiple access with collision detection(載波監(jiān)聽多路訪問/沖突檢測)
46、GUI
graphical user interface(圖形用戶界面)
47、IDE
integrated development environment(集成開發(fā)環(huán)境)
48、IMAP
Internet message access protocol(Internet 郵件訪問協(xié)議)
49、IGMP
Internet· group management protocol(Internet組管理協(xié)議)
50、OSPF
open shortest path first(開放式最短路徑優(yōu)先)
51、CMM
capability maturity model(能力成熟度)
52、BFS
breadth first search(廣度優(yōu)先搜索)
53、DFS
depth first search(深度優(yōu)先搜索)
54、PCB
process control block(進程控制塊)
55、OSI
open system interconnection reference model(開放式系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)通信參考模型)
56、DDL
data definition language(數(shù)據(jù)定義語言)
57、DML
data manipulation language(數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言)
58、SNMP
simple network management protocol(簡單網(wǎng)絡管理協(xié)議)
59、DHCP
dynamic host configuration protocol(動態(tài)主機配置協(xié)議)
60、LLC
logical link control(邏輯鏈路協(xié)議)
61、MAC
medium access control(介質(zhì)訪問控制)
二、常見專業(yè)術語翻譯
1、軟件測試
software testing
2、電子商務
e-commerce
3、系統(tǒng)分析與設計
design and analysis of system
4、云計算
cloud computing
5、防火墻
firewall
6、軟件危機
software crisis
7、傳感器
sensor
8、大數(shù)據(jù)
big data
9、交換機
switch
10、數(shù)據(jù)庫
database
11、設計模式
design patterns
12、移動應用開發(fā)
mobile application development
13、封裝
encapsulation
14、多態(tài)
polymorphism
15、繼承
inheritance
16、操作系統(tǒng)
operating system
17、計算機網(wǎng)絡
computer network
18、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
data structure
19、計算機組成原理
principles of computer composition
20、編譯原理
complication principles
21、計算機圖形學
computer graphics
22、軟件工程導論
introduction to software engineering
23、軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)
software architecture
24、計算機導論
introduction to computers
25、數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概論
introduction to database systems
26、網(wǎng)絡安全
network security
27、游戲軟件開發(fā)
game software development
28、數(shù)據(jù)圖像處理
digital image processing
29、軟件項目管理
software project management
30、離散數(shù)學
discrete mathematics
31、軟件工程方法學
software engineering methodology
32、分布式數(shù)據(jù)管理與高效能計算
distributed data management and efficient computing
33、領域軟件開發(fā)技術
domain software development technology
34、電腦病毒
computer virus
35、瀑布模型
waterfall model
36、需求定義
demand analysis
37、總體設計
overall design
38、詳細設計·
detailed design
39、綜合測試
comprehensive test
40、軟件維護
software maintenance
41、編碼和單元測試
coding and unit testing
42、棧
stack
43、隊列
queue
44、線性表
linear list
45、鏈表
linked list
46、圖
graph
47、結(jié)構(gòu)化編程語言
structured programming language
48、順序表
sequence list
49、問題定義
problem definition
50、快速原型模型
rapid prototyping model
51、增量模型
incremental model
52、噴泉模型
fountain model
53、用戶數(shù)據(jù)接口
user data interface
54、高級程序設計
advanced programming
55、單鏈表
single linked list
56、循環(huán)鏈表
circular linked list
57、十字鏈表
orthogonal list
58、廣義表
generalized list
59、平衡二叉樹
balanced binary tree
60、滿二叉樹
full binary tree
61、完全二叉樹
complete binary tree
62、二叉排序樹
binary sort tree
63、二叉查找樹
binary search tree
64、哈夫曼樹
Huffman tree
65、先序遍歷
preorder traversal
66、中序遍歷
inorder traversal
67、后序遍歷
postorder traversal
68、模式設別
pattern recognition
69、虛擬機
virutal machine
70、死鎖
deadlock
71、邏輯地址
logical address
72、物理地址
physical address
73、插入排序
insertion sort
74、合并排序
merge sort
75、堆排序
heap sort
76、快速排序
quick sort
77、拓撲排序
topological sort’
78、二分查找
binary search
79、分塊查找
block search
80、散列查找
hash search
81、內(nèi)部排序
internal sort
82、外部排序
external sort
83、選擇排序
selection sort
84、基數(shù)排序
radix sort
85、物理層
physical layer
86、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層
data link layer
87、網(wǎng)絡層
network layer
88、運輸層
transport layer
89、會話層
session layer
90、表示層
> presentation layer
91、應用層
application layer
92、流量控制
flow control
93、滑動窗口
sliding window
94、差錯控制
error control
95、網(wǎng)橋
network bridge
96、路由器
router
97、子網(wǎng)掩碼
subnet mask
三、常見英語專業(yè)問答
1、Why did you choose software engineer as your major?(你為什么選擇軟件工程專業(yè)?)
At the beginning, I simply thought that there were good career prospects in software engineering. As I slowly learned expertise such as data structure,operating system,computer network and so on, I found that I enjoyed the sense of achievement that comes with running a successful project.And now I particularly interested in artificial intelligence.
(一開始,我只是認為在軟件工程方面有很好的職業(yè)前景。當我慢慢學習數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、操作系統(tǒng)、計算機網(wǎng)絡等專業(yè)知識時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)我喜歡運行一個成功項目帶來的成就感。現(xiàn)在我對人工智能特別感興趣。)
2、Tell me something about your major.(介紹你的專業(yè)。)
My major is software engineering. It is a discipline based on computer science and technology which studies the use of engineering methods to construct and maintain effective, practical and high-quality software. It involves programming language, data structure, operating system and so on. Generally speaking, software engineering is a major related to software development.
(我的專業(yè)是軟件工程。它是一門以計算機科學和技術為基礎的學科,研究利用工程方法來構(gòu)建和維護有效、實用和高質(zhì)量的軟件。它涉及到編程語言、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、操作系統(tǒng)等。一般來說,軟件工程是與軟件開發(fā)相關的一個專業(yè)。)
3、What is your favorite subject and why?/What do you think is the most important undergraduate course and why?(你最喜歡哪門課程?為什么?/你覺得本科最重要的課程是什么?為什么?)
My favorite subject is data structure and algorithm.Although it is difficult, it is the foundation of all programming, determines the upper limit of our programming abilities and is relevant to all cutting-edge technologies nowadays. In my junior year, I solved algorithm problems on leetcode for a while, which benefited me greatly.
(我最喜歡的課程是數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和算法。雖然它很困難,但它是所有編程的基礎,決定了我們的編程能力的上限,并且與當今所有的前沿技術相關。在我大三的時候,我解決了一段時間的算法問題,這讓我受益很大。)
4、Tell us what you know about artificial intelligence.(談談你對人工智能的認識。)
Artificial intelligence is one of the top technologies of the 21st century and it plays an irreplaceable and huge role in our lives. Artificial intelligence is the study of computers to simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behaviour, and includes many fields such as machine learning, computer vision and many more. In short, artificial intelligence has high research value and good prospects for development.
(人工智能是21世紀的頂尖技術之一,在我們的生活中發(fā)揮著不可替代的巨大作用。人工智能是對計算機來模擬某些人類思維過程和智能行為的研究,它包括機器學習、計算機視覺等許多領域。總之,人工智能具有較高的研究價值和良好的發(fā)展前景。)
5、What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past 5 years?(過去的5年里,在你的專業(yè)領域里你認為最重要的變化是什么?)
In recent years, the scholars pay more attention to the study of artificial intelligence.And the technology of artificial intelligence is more and more mature, and its applications are becoming more and more widespread. Its rapid development has brought great convenience to all aspects of our lives.
(近年來,學者們越來越關注人工智能的研究。人工智能技術越來越成熟,其應用也越來越廣泛。它的快速發(fā)展為我們生活的各個方面都帶來了極大的便利。)
6、Introduce the content of your graduation project.(介紹一下你的畢業(yè)設計內(nèi)容。)
My graduation project is a personalized news recommendation system based on Python.The system collects news through web crawler, and pushes relevant news according to user’s personal interest by using personalized recommendation algorithm.
(我的畢業(yè)設計是一個基于python的個性化新聞推薦系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)通過網(wǎng)絡爬蟲采集新聞,根據(jù)用戶個人興趣利用個性化推薦算法推送相關新聞。)
7、Which programming language do you think is the most important? why?(你認為哪個編程語言最重要?為什么?)
C++ is a widely used computer programming language. The advantage of C++ is that, as long as the software developed in C++, its timeliness, stability, and scalability can be well controlled. This is something that no high-level language can achieve. All high-level languages depend on the basic libraries provided by the C series of languages.
(C++是一種被廣泛使用的計算機程序設計語言。C++的優(yōu)勢在于,但凡是用C++開發(fā)出來的軟件,它的時效性、穩(wěn)定性、可擴展性都可以得到很好的控制。這是任何高級語言都沒有辦法達到的。所有的高級語言都依賴于C系列語言提供的基礎庫。)
8、What professional books have you read recently?(你最近讀過什么專業(yè)書籍?)
I recently read “Data Structure” by Professor Yan Weimin. The first half of this book discusses various basic types of data structures and their applications, and the second half mainly discusses various implementation methods of searching and sorting and their comprehensive analysis and comparison. Through reading this book, my understanding of C Programming Language’s data structure has been further deepened.
(我最近讀了嚴蔚敏教授的《數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)》。這本書的前半部分從抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型的角度討論了各種基本類型的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)及其應用,后半部分主要討論了查找和排序的各種實現(xiàn)方法及其綜合分析比較。通過閱讀這本書,我對C語言數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的理解進一步加深。)
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