【README】 本文基于centos8 搭建

1，其他linux版本，命令可能不同；

2，集群包括3個節點，如下（因為采用NAT模型進行網絡連接，需要讓windows和linux機器在同一個網段）：

centos01: 192.168.163.201 centos02: 192.168.163.202 centos02: 192.168.163.203

【1】 軟件準備

1、遠程文件傳輸軟件

window 與 centos 文件傳輸， sz， rz?
yum -y install lrzsz
yum -y install vim
yum -y install scp??

yum -y install rsync ? 遠程同步文件?

2、安裝java
vim /etc/profile?
# JVM ENV ?
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH JRE_HOME

source /etc/profile 更新

java -version?

【2】搭建單機模式的zk?

步驟1：??下載 zookeeper 框架包， 本文使用 zookeeper-3.4.10 ,?https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.10/zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz?

[root@localhost module]# ls zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz

步驟2：解壓，位置在 /opt/module

tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz [root@localhost module]# ls zookeeper-3.4.10 zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz [root@localhost module]# pwd /opt/module [root@localhost module]# cd zookeeper-3.4.10 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# pwd /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10

步驟3： 修改 zookeeper 配置文件?

[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# cd conf [root@localhost conf]# ls configuration.xsl log4j.properties zoo_sample.cfg [root@localhost conf]# cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg [root@localhost conf]# vim zoo.cfg

設置zoo.cfg 如下，修改 dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkdata? zkdata為自定義文件夾?

-- zoo.cfg[root@localhost conf]# cat zoo.cfg # The number of milliseconds of each tick tickTime=2000 # The number of ticks that the initial # synchronization phase can take initLimit=10 # The number of ticks that can pass between # sending a request and getting an acknowledgement syncLimit=5 # the directory where the snapshot is stored. # do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just # example sakes. dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkdata # the port at which the clients will connect clientPort=2181 # the maximum number of client connections. # increase this if you need to handle more clients #maxClientCnxns=60 # # Be sure to read the maintenance section of the # administrator guide before turning on autopurge. # # http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance # # The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir #autopurge.snapRetainCount=3 # Purge task interval in hours # Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature #autopurge.purgeInterval=1

步驟4： 新建?/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkdata 文件夾

[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# pwd /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# mkdir zkdata

步驟5： 啟動zk，并查看zk狀態

[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: standalone

standalone 為單機模式 ；?

提醒：這里可能報錯? Error contacting service. It is probably not running. ?

解決方法1： 關閉防火墻 查看防火墻狀態：firewall-cmd --state 關閉防火墻：systemctl stop firewalld.service解決方法2：?https://blog.csdn.net/PacosonSWJTU/article/details/111260961 懂的查看 zk 目錄下的 zookeeper.out 日志文件；

步驟6： 啟動zk客戶端， 并退出（quit）

[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkCli.sh Connecting to localhost:2181 Welcome to ZooKeeper! ...... WATCHER::WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls / [zookeeper][zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] quit Quitting... 2020-12-20 03:42:33,745 [myid:] - INFO [main:ZooKeeper@684] - Session: 0x1767c83c15e0000 closed 2020-12-20 03:42:33,747 [myid:] - INFO [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@519] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x1767c83c15e0000 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]#

步驟7：停止zk線程（或有）

[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh stop ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Stopping zookeeper ... STOPPED

補充：zoo.cfg 配置解析

序號	屬性	描述
1	tickTime=2000	心跳，2000毫秒一個心跳；（2秒）
2	initLimit=10	10個2秒， 20秒是Leader和Follower 剛開始（初始化）通信的最大延時時間； 如果超過這個時間， 則zk服務器認為 兩者連接失敗；?
3	syncLimit=5	5個2秒， 10秒是 Leader 和 Follower的在集群正常啟動后的通信的最大延時時間； ?如果超過這個時間， 則zk服務器認為 兩者連接失敗；?
4	dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkdata	設置zk數據文件存儲路徑；?
5	clientPort=2181	客戶端訪問 zk 服務的所在主機的端口號；

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【3】搭建集群模式的zk?

步驟1：201機器，在zoo.cfg下增加集群配置；

server.A=B.C.D ， 如 server.1=192.168.163.201:2888:3888
其中A 等于myid文件的值1；?
B表示本服務器地址 192.168.163.201；?
C表示本服務器與集群中 Leader服務器交換信息的端口 ； 兩者同步的數據是 數據副本；? 2888；
D表示 在選舉Leader服務器時，服務器間相互通信的端口； 3888；

小結：添加如下配置：

server.1=192.168.163.201:2888:3888 server.2=192.168.163.202:2888:3888 server.3=192.168.163.203:2888:3888 [root@localhost module]# cat zookeeper-3.4.10/conf/zoo.cfg # The number of milliseconds of each tick tickTime=2000 # The number of ticks that the initial # synchronization phase can take initLimit=10 # The number of ticks that can pass between # sending a request and getting an acknowledgement syncLimit=5 # the directory where the snapshot is stored. # do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just # example sakes. dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkdata # the port at which the clients will connect clientPort=2181 # the maximum number of client connections. # increase this if you need to handle more clients #maxClientCnxns=60 # # Be sure to read the maintenance section of the # administrator guide before turning on autopurge. # # http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance # # The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir #autopurge.snapRetainCount=3 # Purge task interval in hours # Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature #autopurge.purgeInterval=1 server.1=192.168.163.201:2888:3888 server.2=192.168.163.202:2888:3888 server.3=192.168.163.203:2888:3888

步驟2：201機器，設置服務器編號，在zkdata文件夾下新建myid，內容為1；

[root@localhost zkdata]# pwd /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkdata [root@localhost zkdata]# echo "1" > myid

步驟3：把201機器下的 zookeeper 文件夾同步到202,203機器 ；

[root@localhost module]# rsync -azv zookeeper-3.4.10/ root@192.168.163.202:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/ [root@localhost module]# rsync -azv zookeeper-3.4.10/ root@192.168.163.203:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/

步驟4：修改 202機器的myid為2， 203機器的myid為3 ；

-- 202機器 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# cat zkdata/myid 2 -- 203 機器 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# cat zkdata/myid 3

步驟5： 啟動zk集群

-- 201機器-啟動失敗 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Error contacting service. It is probably not running. [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# -- 202機器-啟動成功-并且成為leader [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: leader [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]#

注： zk的選舉機制，自行google， 這里不再贅述；?

-- 203機器-啟動成功-follower [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: follower

我們再回頭查看201機器的zk狀態 ； 當202,203啟動zk線程后， 我們再次查看201的zk狀態為 成功且是 follower；?

-- 201 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Error contacting service. It is probably not running. [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# -- ### 我是分割線， 202,203開啟zk線程后，[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: follower [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]#

至此，zk集群啟動成功；?

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【4】其他?

【4.1】zookeeper 選舉機制?

1）半數機制： 當有半數以上機器存活，則集群可用；否則不可用； （不包括半數）；建議zookeeper 集群的機器數量為奇數 ；?
2）雖然配置文件沒有指定 master 和 slave，但在工作時， zookeeper臨時選擇一條機器作為 master或 leader， 其他機器為 slave或follower；

【4.2】zk客戶端命令行

-- zk客戶端常用命令 ls create get delete rmr set

登錄zk客戶端

[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkCli.sh

1） ls 查看節點

ls2 查看節點詳情?

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls / [zookeeper] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls2 / [zookeeper] cZxid = 0x0 ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970 mZxid = 0x0 mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970 pZxid = 0x0 cversion = -1 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 0 numChildren = 1 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2]

stat結構體

序號	key	描述
1	cZxid	創建事務編號
2	ctime	創建時間
3	mZxid	修改事務編號
4	mtime	修改時間
5	pZxid	最后更新的子節點
6	cversion	子節點變化編號
7	dataVersion	數據變化編號
8	aclVersion	訪問控制列表的變化號
9	ephemeralOwner	若是臨時節點，表示的是znode擁有者的session id，如果不是，則是0
10	dataLength	znode的數據長度
11	numChildren	znode的子節點個數

2）create 創建節點

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /sichuan "sichuan" Created /sichuan [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] ls / [sichuan, zookeeper]

3）get 獲取節點

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /sichuan sichuan cZxid = 0x100000002 ctime = Sun Dec 20 04:22:16 CST 2020 mZxid = 0x100000002 mtime = Sun Dec 20 04:22:16 CST 2020 pZxid = 0x100000002 cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 7 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5]

4）delete 刪除節點

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] create /sichuan/cd "chengdu" Created /sichuan/cd [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] create /sichuan/leshan "leshan4" Created /sichuan/leshan [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] ls /sichuan [cd, leshan] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] delete /sichuan/leshan [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] ls /sichuan [cd] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11]

5）rmr?遞歸刪除當前目錄及其下的所有子目錄?

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] ls /sichuan [cd] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] create /sichuan/my "mianyang" Created /sichuan/my [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] ls /sichuan [cd, my] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] rmr /sichuan [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] ls /sichuan Node does not exist: /sichuan

6）set 設置節點存儲的值?

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 18] create /china "china" Created /china [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 19] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 19] get /china china cZxid = 0x10000000b ctime = Sun Dec 20 04:28:10 CST 2020 mZxid = 0x10000000b mtime = Sun Dec 20 04:28:10 CST 2020 pZxid = 0x10000000b cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 5 numChildren = 0[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 20] set /china "china xiongqi" cZxid = 0x10000000b ctime = Sun Dec 20 04:28:10 CST 2020 mZxid = 0x10000000c mtime = Sun Dec 20 04:28:35 CST 2020 pZxid = 0x10000000b cversion = 0 dataVersion = 1 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 13 numChildren = 0[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21] get /china china xiongqi cZxid = 0x10000000b ctime = Sun Dec 20 04:28:10 CST 2020 mZxid = 0x10000000c mtime = Sun Dec 20 04:28:35 CST 2020 pZxid = 0x10000000b cversion = 0 dataVersion = 1 aclVersion = 0 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 13 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 22]

7）zk有4種節點類型：

1、類型1-持久目錄節點：?客戶端與服務器斷開后，創建的節點不刪除；
2、類型2-持久化順序編號目錄節點：客戶端與服務器斷開連接后， 該節點依舊存在，只是zookeeper 給該節點名稱進行順序編號；?
應用場景：在分布式系統中，順序號可以被用于為所有的事件進行全局排序，這樣客戶端可以通過順序號推斷事件的順序； （哪臺服務器先上，哪臺服務器后上）
3、類型3-臨時目錄節點：兩者斷開后， 創建的節點被刪除； ?
應用場景： zk 服務器監聽某臺客戶端機器的狀態； 若客戶端機器下線，則zk服務器節點也刪除； 集群從而間接知曉 客戶端機器下線；（服務器節點動態上下線） ?
4、類型4-臨時順序編號目錄節點：客戶端與服務器斷開后，該節點被刪除； 只是 zk 對該服務器節點名稱進行了順序編號；?

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8）荔枝： 創建有序節點 （-s） 創建臨時節點 -e?

有序節點

-- 創建有序節點 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 24] ls /china [] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 25] create -s /china/beijing "beijing" Created /china/beijing0000000000 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 26] create -s /china/beijing "beijing" Created /china/beijing0000000001 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 27] create -s /china/beijing "beijing" Created /china/beijing0000000002 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 28] create -s /china/beijing "beijing" Created /china/beijing0000000003 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 29] ls /china [beijing0000000001, beijing0000000000, beijing0000000003, beijing0000000002]

創建臨時+有序節點 （chongqing）

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 31] create -e -s /china/chongqing "chongqing4" Created /china/chongqing0000000004 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 32] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 32] ls /china [beijing0000000001, beijing0000000000, chongqing0000000004, beijing0000000003, beijing0000000002]

退出 當前客戶端 quit 并再次登錄客戶端 ， 發現chognqing節點被刪除了；?

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 33] quit Quitting... 2020-12-20 04:38:48,888 [myid:] - INFO [main:ZooKeeper@684] - Session: 0x1767ca215950000 closed 2020-12-20 04:38:48,890 [myid:] - INFO [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@519] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x1767ca215950000 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkCli.sh[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /china [beijing0000000001, beijing0000000000, beijing0000000003, beijing0000000002] [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1]

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還有話說： 為啥 -s是有序，-e是臨時。看下zk的java api 的節點類型常量命名就知道了，如下：

/**** CreateMode value determines how the znode is created on ZooKeeper.*/ public enum CreateMode {/*** The znode will not be automatically deleted upon client's disconnect.*/PERSISTENT (0, false, false),/*** The znode will not be automatically deleted upon client's disconnect,* and its name will be appended with a monotonically increasing number.*/PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL (2, false, true),/*** The znode will be deleted upon the client's disconnect.*/EPHEMERAL (1, true, false),/*** The znode will be deleted upon the client's disconnect, and its name* will be appended with a monotonically increasing number.*/EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL (3, true, true);

最后， 可以通過 zk提供的javaapi 連接 zk集群， refer 2?https://blog.csdn.net/PacosonSWJTU/article/details/111404364?

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