模塊化 組件化 工程化

The module in software is a small part of the software that is responsible for performing any kind of functionality. Sometimes, the term sub-program is also used to refer to the term module.

軟件中的模塊是軟件的一小部分，負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行任何類型的功能。 有時(shí)，術(shù)語“子程序”也用于指術(shù)語“模塊”。

If we try to define the term module (or a sub-program), then it can be defined in several different ways, like "a module is a FORTRAN subroutine", or like "a module is a work assignment for an individual developer", etc. But what all they mean is the same.

如果我們嘗試定義術(shù)語模塊(或子程序)，則可以通過幾種不同的方式進(jìn)行定義，例如“模塊是FORTRAN子例程”或“模塊是單個(gè)開發(fā)人員的工作分配”。等等。但是它們的意思是相同的。

A module can be thought as a mini each which performs any of the specific tasks of the software, and the software consists of various such mini software, which can also be called as sub-programs. Each of these sub-programs is individually capable of delivering a piece of functionality independently, and these can be accessed by the users either directly or indirectly with the help of interfaces.

可以將模塊視為一個(gè)微型模塊，每個(gè)模塊均執(zhí)行軟件的任何特定任務(wù)，并且該軟件由各種此類微型軟件組成，這些微型軟件也可以稱為子程序。 這些子程序中的每一個(gè)都能夠獨(dú)立地獨(dú)立提供一項(xiàng)功能，并且用戶可以在界面的幫助下直接或間接地訪問這些子程序 。

Modules are added into a software so that each of the functionalities can be easily identified and be understandable for other developers too. This type of Software building is known as component-based software. In this, there are different components of software and each of the components represents a modular, easy to debug and fix, and replaceable part of a system that wraps up and represents a set of interfaces.

將模塊添加到軟件中，以便可以輕松識(shí)別每個(gè)功能，其他開發(fā)人員也可以理解。 這種類型的軟件構(gòu)建稱為基于組件的軟件。 在這種情況下，軟件具有不同的組件，并且每個(gè)組件都代表一個(gè)模塊化，易于調(diào)試和修復(fù)的系統(tǒng)，并且是系統(tǒng)的可替換部分，其包裝并代表一組接口。

The components based development of a software is a very effective way to develop software and has many benefits over developing the entire software under a single module. Some of the characteristics of a modular programming approach in software development are as follows:

基于組件的軟件開發(fā)是一種非常有效的軟件開發(fā)方式，與在單個(gè)模塊下開發(fā)整個(gè)軟件相比，具有許多優(yōu)勢(shì)。 軟件開發(fā)中模塊化編程方法的一些特征如下：

基于組件的軟件開發(fā)的好處 (Benefits of component based software development)

Each and every functionality of the software is present in a separate module (or component). This makes the code readable and easy to understand for the other co-developers too. Also, the error detection and maintenance of certain features can also be done in a much simpler and easier way.

該軟件的每個(gè)功能都存在于單獨(dú)的模塊(或組件)中。 這也使代碼對(duì)于其他共同開發(fā)人員而言可讀性強(qiáng)并且易于理解。 而且，某些功能的錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)和維護(hù)也可以以一種非常簡(jiǎn)單和容易的方式完成。

Code reusability: The components of software can be reused in other software as it is without having to code them again. Therefore, through modular programming, each module can be used again and again as it provides independent functionalities, and hence this implements reusability of code.

代碼可重用性 ：該軟件的組件可以按原樣在其他軟件中重用，而不必再次對(duì)其進(jìn)行編碼。 因此，通過模塊化編程，每個(gè)模塊都可以一次又一次地使用，因?yàn)樗峁┝霜?dú)立的功能，因此可以實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼的可重用性。

For adding any new feature into the software (in the maintenance part), a new module for it can be created and integrated with the mainline program. This provides us with an easy to add supplement features in our application whenever required.

為了將任何新功能添加到軟件中(在維護(hù)部分中)，可以為其創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新模塊并將其與主線程序集成。 這使我們可以在需要時(shí)輕松地在應(yīng)用程序中添加補(bǔ)充功能。

基于組件的軟件開發(fā)的缺點(diǎn) (Drawbacks of component based software development)

It is easy to develop separate modules for different functionalities in a software, but it becomes extremely hard to integrate together so that they can function together under a single software. So, the integration part is a massive challenge in front of the developers.

為軟件中的不同功能開發(fā)單獨(dú)的模塊很容易，但是將它們集成在一起以使其可以在單個(gè)軟件中一起運(yùn)行卻變得異常困難。 因此，集成部分是開發(fā)人員面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。

Even if a module may be able to independently display a feature from the system, but when integrated, it must have some dependencies on other components, like for getting the data or some sort of indicating signals. So, this relationship establishment between the modules takes extra lines of code and also extra time for processing.

即使一個(gè)模塊可能能夠從系統(tǒng)中獨(dú)立顯示功能，但在集成時(shí)，它也必須對(duì)其他組件具有某些依賴性，例如獲取數(shù)據(jù)或某種指示信號(hào)。 因此，模塊之間的這種關(guān)系建立需要花費(fèi)額外的代碼行和處理時(shí)間。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/module-and-software-components-in-software-engineering.aspx

模塊化 組件化 工程化

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