.NET Framework 類庫 Viewport3D 類

更新：2007 年 11 月

為三維可視內容提供呈現圖面。

命名空間： ?System.Windows.Controls
程序集： ?PresentationFramework（在 PresentationFramework.dll 中）
用于 XAML 的 XMLNS：http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/xaml/presentation

?語法 Visual Basic（聲明） <LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize)> _ <ContentPropertyAttribute("Children")> _ Public Class Viewport3D _Inherits FrameworkElement _Implements IAddChild Visual Basic (用法) Dim instance As Viewport3D C# [LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize)] [ContentPropertyAttribute("Children")] public class Viewport3D : FrameworkElement, IAddChild Visual C++ [LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory::NeverLocalize)] [ContentPropertyAttribute(L"Children")] public ref class Viewport3D : public FrameworkElement, IAddChild J# /** @attribute LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize) */ /** @attribute ContentPropertyAttribute("Children") */ public class Viewport3D extends FrameworkElement implements IAddChild JScript public class Viewport3D extends FrameworkElement implements IAddChild XAML 對象元素用法 <Viewport3D>Children </Viewport3D> ?備注

此控件顯示三維內容，同時提供與二維布局（如剪輯、高度和寬度及鼠標事件）一致的屬性。

當此控件作為布局元素（如 Canvas）的內容包含時，可通過設置其 Height 和 Width 屬性（繼承自 FrameworkElement）來指定 Viewport3D 的大小。

Viewport3D 可提供三維場景級別的命中測試。 調用 HitTest 方法可返回有關命中可視對象、模型、網格和交點的詳細命中結果信息。

在 Microsoft Windows XP 上，如果顯示顏色質量沒有設置為 32 位或 16 位，則 Viewport3D 可能無法正常呈現。

?示例

本示例演示如何創建類似于已旋轉的平板紙的三維對象。利用 Viewport3D 以及下面的組件創建這一簡單的三維場景：

• 使用 PerspectiveCamera 創建一個照相機。該照相機指定三維場景的哪個部分是可見的。

• 創建一個網格，以使用 GeometryModel3D 的 Geometry 屬性指定三維對象（平板紙）的形狀。

• 使用 GeometryModel3D 的 Material 屬性指定要在對象表面顯示的材料（本示例中是線性漸變）。

• 使用 DirectionalLight 創建在對象上發光的光源。

下面的代碼演示如何以 XAML 創建三維場景。

XAML 復制代碼 <Page xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" ><DockPanel><Viewbox><Canvas Width="321" Height="201"><!-- The Viewport3D provides a rendering surface for 3-D visual content. --><Viewport3D ClipToBounds="True" Width="150" Height="150" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="10"><!-- Defines the camera used to view the 3D object. --><Viewport3D.Camera><PerspectiveCamera Position="0,0,2" LookDirection="0,0,-1" FieldOfView="60" /></Viewport3D.Camera><!-- The ModelVisual3D children contain the 3D models --><Viewport3D.Children><!-- This ModelVisual3D defines the light cast in the scene. Without light, the 3D object cannot be seen. Also, the direction of the lights affect shadowing. If desired,you can create multiple lights with different colors that shine from different directions. --><ModelVisual3D><ModelVisual3D.Content><DirectionalLight Color="#FFFFFF" Direction="-0.612372,-0.5,-0.612372" /></ModelVisual3D.Content></ModelVisual3D><ModelVisual3D><ModelVisual3D.Content><GeometryModel3D><!-- The geometry specifes the shape of the 3D plane. In this sample, a flat sheet is created. --><GeometryModel3D.Geometry><MeshGeometry3DTriangleIndices="0,1,2 3,4,5 "Normals="0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 "TextureCoordinates="0,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 0,1 0,0 "Positions="-0.5,-0.5,0.5 0.5,-0.5,0.5 0.5,0.5,0.5 0.5,0.5,0.5 -0.5,0.5,0.5 -0.5,-0.5,0.5 " /></GeometryModel3D.Geometry><!-- The material specifies the material applied to the 3D object. In this sample a linear gradient covers the surface of the 3D object.--><GeometryModel3D.Material><MaterialGroup><DiffuseMaterial><DiffuseMaterial.Brush><LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0.5" EndPoint="1,0.5"><LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops><GradientStop Color="Yellow" Offset="0" /><GradientStop Color="Red" Offset="0.25" /><GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset="0.75" /><GradientStop Color="LimeGreen" Offset="1" /></LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops></LinearGradientBrush></DiffuseMaterial.Brush></DiffuseMaterial></MaterialGroup></GeometryModel3D.Material><!-- Apply a transform to the object. In this sample, a rotation transform is applied, rendering the 3D object rotated. --><GeometryModel3D.Transform><RotateTransform3D><RotateTransform3D.Rotation><AxisAngleRotation3D Axis="0,3,0" Angle="40" /></RotateTransform3D.Rotation></RotateTransform3D></GeometryModel3D.Transform></GeometryModel3D></ModelVisual3D.Content></ModelVisual3D></Viewport3D.Children></Viewport3D></Canvas></Viewbox></DockPanel> </Page>

下面的代碼演示如何以程序代碼創建同一三維場景。

C# 復制代碼 using System; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Media3D;namespace SDKSample {public partial class Basic3DShapeExample : Page{public Basic3DShapeExample(){// Declare scene objects.Viewport3D myViewport3D = new Viewport3D();Model3DGroup myModel3DGroup = new Model3DGroup();GeometryModel3D myGeometryModel = new GeometryModel3D();ModelVisual3D myModelVisual3D = new ModelVisual3D();// Defines the camera used to view the 3D object. In order to view the 3D object,// the camera must be positioned and pointed such that the object is within view // of the camera.PerspectiveCamera myPCamera = new PerspectiveCamera();// Specify where in the 3D scene the camera is.myPCamera.Position = new Point3D(0, 0, 2);// Specify the direction that the camera is pointing.myPCamera.LookDirection = new Vector3D(0, 0, -1);// Define camera's horizontal field of view in degrees.myPCamera.FieldOfView = 60;// Asign the camera to the viewportmyViewport3D.Camera = myPCamera;// Define the lights cast in the scene. Without light, the 3D object cannot // be seen. Also, the direction of the lights affect shadowing. Note: to // illuminate an object from additional directions, create additional lights.DirectionalLight myDirectionalLight = new DirectionalLight();myDirectionalLight.Color = Colors.White;myDirectionalLight.Direction = new Vector3D(-0.61, -0.5, -0.61);myModel3DGroup.Children.Add(myDirectionalLight);// The geometry specifes the shape of the 3D plane. In this sample, a flat sheet // is created.MeshGeometry3D myMeshGeometry3D = new MeshGeometry3D();// Create a collection of normal vectors for the MeshGeometry3D.Vector3DCollection myNormalCollection = new Vector3DCollection();myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));myMeshGeometry3D.Normals = myNormalCollection;// Create a collection of vertex positions for the MeshGeometry3D. Point3DCollection myPositionCollection = new Point3DCollection();myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(-0.5, -0.5, 0.5));myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(0.5, -0.5, 0.5));myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(-0.5, 0.5, 0.5));myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(-0.5, -0.5, 0.5));myMeshGeometry3D.Positions = myPositionCollection;// Create a collection of texture coordinates for the MeshGeometry3D.PointCollection myTextureCoordinatesCollection = new PointCollection();myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(0, 0));myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(1, 0));myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(1, 1));myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(1, 1));myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(0, 1));myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(0, 0));myMeshGeometry3D.TextureCoordinates = myTextureCoordinatesCollection;// Create a collection of triangle indices for the MeshGeometry3D.Int32Collection myTriangleIndicesCollection = new Int32Collection();myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(0);myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(1);myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(2);myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(3);myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(4);myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(5);myMeshGeometry3D.TriangleIndices = myTriangleIndicesCollection;// Apply the mesh to the geometry model.myGeometryModel.Geometry = myMeshGeometry3D;// The material specifies the material applied to the 3D object. In this sample a // linear gradient covers the surface of the 3D object.// Create a horizontal linear gradient with four stops. LinearGradientBrush myHorizontalGradient = new LinearGradientBrush();myHorizontalGradient.StartPoint = new Point(0, 0.5);myHorizontalGradient.EndPoint = new Point(1, 0.5);myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.Yellow, 0.0));myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.Red, 0.25));myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.Blue, 0.75));myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.LimeGreen, 1.0));// Define material and apply to the mesh geometries.DiffuseMaterial myMaterial = new DiffuseMaterial(myHorizontalGradient);myGeometryModel.Material = myMaterial;// Apply a transform to the object. In this sample, a rotation transform is applied, // rendering the 3D object rotated.RotateTransform3D myRotateTransform3D = new RotateTransform3D();AxisAngleRotation3D myAxisAngleRotation3d = new AxisAngleRotation3D();myAxisAngleRotation3d.Axis = new Vector3D(0,3,0);myAxisAngleRotation3d.Angle = 40;myRotateTransform3D.Rotation = myAxisAngleRotation3d;myGeometryModel.Transform = myRotateTransform3D;// Add the geometry model to the model group.myModel3DGroup.Children.Add(myGeometryModel);// Add the group of models to the ModelVisual3d.myModelVisual3D.Content = myModel3DGroup;// myViewport3D.Children.Add(myModelVisual3D);// Apply the viewport to the page so it will be rendered.this.Content = myViewport3D;}} } ?繼承層次結構 System..::.Object
??System.Windows.Threading..::.DispatcherObject
????System.Windows..::.DependencyObject
??????System.Windows.Media..::.Visual
????????System.Windows..::.UIElement
??????????System.Windows..::.FrameworkElement
????????????System.Windows.Controls..::.Viewport3D
?線程安全 此類型的任何公共 static（在 Visual Basic 中為 Shared） 成員都是線程安全的。但不保證所有實例成員都是線程安全的。 ?平臺

Windows Vista

.NET Framework 和 .NET Compact Framework 并不是對每個平臺的所有版本都提供支持。有關支持的版本的列表，請參見.NET Framework 系統要求。

?版本信息

.NET Framework

受以下版本支持：3.5、3.0
?另請參見

參考

Viewport3D 成員 System.Windows.Controls 命名空間 Viewport3DVisual

其他資源

三維圖形概述

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