如何了解Google Analytics（分析）和网站访问量
Google Analytics is a powerful web service that gives you insights into your website. But exactly can it help you?
Google Analytics(分析)是一項功能強大的網絡服務，可讓您深入了解自己的網站。 但這確實可以幫助您嗎？
I’m going to cover a few things here. If you’re already familiar with the basics, feel free to skip around:
我將在這里介紹幾件事。 如果您已經熟悉了基礎知識，請隨時跳過：
What is Google Analytics? (A quick overview)
什么是Google Analytics(分析)？ (快速概述)
Okay, so where do I start? (Quick start install guide)
好吧，那我應該從哪里開始呢？ (快速入門安裝指南)
What are some quick insights? (Basic out of the box reports)
有哪些快速見解？ (開箱即用的基本報告)
Bonus: Advanced Insights (Custom Dimensions)
獎勵：高級見解 (自定義維度)
So let’s start from the top.
因此，讓我們從頭開始。
什么是Google Analytics(分析)？ (What is Google Analytics?)
Google Analytics gives you the tools you need to better understand your customers. You can then use those business insights to take action, such as improving your website, creating tailored audience lists, and more. - Google's official documentation
Google Analytics(分析)為您提供了更好地了解客戶所需的工具。 然后，您可以使用這些業務洞察力采取行動，例如改善網站，創建量身定制的受眾群體列表等。 -Google的官方文檔
More simply put, Google Analytics (GA) is a web analytics service provided by Google on the Google Marketing Platform. It allows you to track and measure your website’s traffic with powerful insights and reports.
簡而言之，Google Analytics(分析)(GA)是Google在Google Marketing Platform上提供的一項網絡分析服務。 它使您可以利用強大的洞察力和報告來跟蹤和衡量網站的流量。
GA can work a few different ways, but the most common is using a quick drop-in JavaScript snippet that goes on every page of your website (typically the <head>).
Google Analytics(分析)可以通過幾種不同的方式工作，但最常見的方式是在網站的每個頁面(通常為<head> )上使用快速插入JavaScript代碼段 。
The base version of Google Analytics is free. You have the option of upgrading to the 360 suite, which will open up some feature limits, but most of you probably don’t need this as it is more geared towards high traffic websites.
Google Analytics(分析)的基本版本是免費的。 您可以選擇升級到360套件，這會帶來一些功能限制，但是您大多數人可能不需要此功能，因為它更適合于高流量的網站。
為什么需要Google Analytics(分析)？ (Why do I need Google Analytics?)
You don’t need it. But you can get an incredible amount of insight from GA with even a basic out of the box setup.
你不需要它。 但是，即使是基本的即裝即用設置，您也可以從GA獲得令人難以置信的洞察力。
GA is helpful if you're a developer trying to get more traffic out of your blog, or a business trying to optimize your sales funnel.
如果您是試圖從博客中獲取更多流量的開發人員，或者是試圖優化銷售渠道的企業，則GA很有幫助。
GA helps you answer simple questions like:
Google Analytics(分析)可幫助您回答一些簡單的問題，例如：
- Where is my traffic coming from? 我的流量來自哪里？
- What pages get the most traffic? 哪些網頁獲得最多流量？
- What are the most popular devices people visit on? 人們使用的最受歡迎的設備是什么？
Not only can this help you make better-educated decisions with your website. It can also help you unveil user experience concerns, or save money due to site issues by keeping an eye on traffic trends and user interactions.
這不僅可以幫助您通過網站做出更好的決策。 它還可以通過關注流量趨勢和用戶交互來幫助您解決用戶體驗問題，或節省因站點問題而造成的費用。
好吧，那我應該從哪里開始呢？ (Okay, so where do I start?)
Google makes it’s fairly easy for any developer to jump in and get started. The only real prerequisite is that you set up an account. Google themselves offers a great step-by-step and constantly updated guide, so I’ll leave it to them.
Google使任何開發人員都可以輕松入門。 唯一真正的前提條件是您要設置一個帳戶。 Google本身提供了出色的分步指南 ， 并且會不斷更新指南 ，因此我將其留給他們。
在頁面上獲取標簽 (Getting the tag on your page)
Once you’re logged into the Google Analytics Dashboard, go to the Admin section, which you can find on the left hand side of the page:
登錄到Google Analytics(分析)儀表板后，轉到“管理”部分，您可以在頁面左側找到該部分：
Once in the admin section, you can navigate to Tracking Info then Tracking code under the property you want to track.
進入管理部分后，您可以導航至“跟蹤信息”，然后導航至要跟蹤的屬性下的“跟蹤代碼”。
Finally, you can find the JavaScript snippet that you can throw in the head of your website. Remember, this should be on ALL pages.
最后，您可以找到可放入網站標題JavaScript代碼段。 請記住，這應該在所有頁面上。
讓交通暢通 (Let the traffic flow)
From here you just have to give it time. Google Analytics won’t have historical data, it will only have the the new traffic that hit your page once the snippet was installed.
從這里開始，您只需要花點時間。 Google Analytics(分析)將不會提供歷史數據，只有安裝了該代碼段后，才會有訪問您頁面的新流量。
You can check it’s working by visiting the Realtime Report and either hitting the page in another tab or seeing your visitors hit the page.
您可以通過訪問“實時報告”并在另一個選項卡中單擊該頁面或看到您的訪問者訪問該頁面來檢查其是否有效。
更多設置，更多配置 (More settings, more configuration)
Google Analytics is a complex machine and can do a lot. Start slow and try to understand what’s happening before moving too fast turning every different switch.
Google Analytics(分析)是一臺復雜的機器，可以做很多事情。 從慢開始，嘗試了解發生了什么，然后再過快地轉動每個不同的開關。
Once you're comfortable, there are a lot of great guides out there for beginners and advanced users alike to unleash the full power of your reporting capabilities.
一旦您感到舒適，就會有很多很棒的指南供初學者和高級用戶使用，以充分發揮您的報告功能。
有哪些快速見解？ (What are some quick insights?)
Cool, so you have GA installed, you see your traffic, and you’re ready to get started looking at your reports, but where to begin?
太酷了，因此您已經安裝了GA，可以查看流量??，并且可以開始查看報告了，但是從哪里開始呢？
哪些網頁獲得最多流量？ (What pages get the most traffic?)
Let’s start with a simple one. Which pages of my website are getting the most traffic? To find this out we’ll want to view the Behavior Overview, which we can find by visiting Behavior then Overview.
讓我們從一個簡單的開始。 我網站上哪些頁面的訪問量最多？ 為了找到答案，我們將要查看“行為概述”，可以通過依次訪問“行為”和“概述”來找到。
Above we’re looking at the full month of August, which you can change with the date picker in the top right of the report. We can see overall, we had 3,853,265 total pageviews and 121,187 of them were to /news, the freeCodeCamp News homepage, which was our most popular page of the month.
上方是八月的完整月份，您可以使用報告右上方的日期選擇器進行更改。 我們可以看到，總體而言，我們的綜合瀏覽量為3,853,265個，其中121,187個是/ news，即freeCodeCamp新聞首頁，這是本月最受歡迎的網頁。
我的流量來自哪里？ (Where is my traffic coming from?)
A common question is: “where are people coming from?” How are people actually finding my website? This is a 2 parter, let’s start with overall traffic.
一個常見的問題是：“人們來自哪里？” 人們實際上是如何找到我的網站的？ 這是一個2分，讓我們從總體流量開始。
A good way to start is by finding the Acquisition Overview page. You can navigate there by selecting Acquisition than Overview.
一個很好的開始方法是找到“獲取概述”頁面。 您可以通過選擇“獲取”而不是“概述”來導航到那里。
Shown above, the majority of traffic comes from organic searches on Google, a little over 75% in fact. That’s some good SEO!
如上所示，大部分流量來自Google上的自然搜索，實際上超過了75％。 不錯的SEO ！
But what if we wanted to see how people are getting to a particular post? This involves a little more work, but let’s dive in.
但是，如果我們想了解人們如何去某個職位，該怎么辦？ 這涉及更多的工作，但讓我們開始吧。
Let’s go back to Behavior in the sidebar, then Site Content, and finally Landing Pages. Once there, you can use the search to find your post as shown below and select it.
讓我們回到側欄中的“行為”，然后是“網站內容”，最后是“登錄頁面”。 到達那里后，您可以使用搜索找到您的帖子，如下所示，然后選擇它。
After you found your post, we’re going to add a Secondary dimension. In particular, we’ll want to find and select “Source / Medium” in the Secondary dimension dropdown.
找到您的帖子后，我們將添加一個次要維度。 特別是，我們要在“次要維度”下拉列表中找到并選擇“來源/媒介”。
Finally we’ll have an idea of where people are coming from to visit our post.
最后，我們將了解人們來自何處來訪問我們的帖子。
It seems like this is following the trend of great Organic SEO. If you notice though, we have “(direct) / (none)” as the second highest source / medium.
似乎這是在遵循有機搜尋引擎最佳化的趨勢。 但是，如果您注意到，我們將“(直接)/(無)”作為第二高的來源/媒介。
Unfortunately, it’s not always that easy. And if Google Analytics can’t figure out where the user came from, it will mark it as “(direct) / (none)”. While that’s solvable, and sometimes actually means something, we can see the majority comes from simple searches on Google itself.
不幸的是，這并不總是那么容易。 而且，如果Google Analytics(分析)無法確定用戶來自何處，它將被標記為“(直接)/(無)”。 盡管這是可以解決的 ，有時甚至是有意義的，但我們可以看到大多數來自Google本身的簡單搜索。
人們使用的最受歡迎的設備是什么？ (What are the most popular devices people visit on?)
Understanding what devices your visitors are using is an incredibly helpful tool for optimizing User Experience, as well as maximizing potential revenue by making sure your site works.
了解訪問者正在使用哪些設備，這對于優化用戶體驗以及通過確保您的網站能夠發揮最大的潛在收益是非常有用的工具。
In a perfect world, your website would work in all browsers. But we may be able to safely rule out certain older browsers.
在理想的情況下，您的網站可以在所有瀏覽器上正常工作。 但是我們也許可以安全地排除某些較舊的瀏覽器。
To get started, find your way to Audience then Overview. Once there, select Browsers in the list as shown below.
首先，先找到“受眾群體”，然后再找到“概述”。 到達那里后，在列表中選擇“瀏覽器”，如下所示。
We can see that luckily, our top browsers are dominated by modern ones, with Chrome carrying a cool 76.42%.
幸運的是，我們可以看到，我們的頂級瀏覽器以現代瀏覽器為主導，Chrome的瀏覽器率為76.42％。
But wait, Internet Explorer is pulling 1.06% or 22,499, which isn’t something to bat an eye at. So let’s dig in a little more by clicking on Internet Explorer.
但是，等等，Internet Explorer的增長率為1.06％或22,499，這并不引人注目。 因此，讓我們通過單擊Internet Explorer來進行深入研究。
Phew, I think we’re safe. Now we can see how many people visit each version of Internet Explorer and luckily almost 99% of THAT traffic is IE9 or above. While we should be as inclusive as we can, this can help us determine priority and make decisions on what browser versions to officially support.
ew，我認為我們很安全。 現在，我們可以看到有多少人訪問了Internet Explorer的每個版本，幸運的是，幾乎有99％的訪問量是IE9或更高版本。 盡管我們應盡可能做到包容，但是這可以幫助我們確定優先級并決定要正式支持的瀏覽器版本 。
Real talk: 5 people on IE5? 🤔
真實話題：IE5上有5個人？ 🤔
獎勵：高級見解 (Bonus: Advanced Insights)
Out of the box, Google Analytics is powerful, but with some customization and deeper integration with your web data, you can give your analytics dashboard extra superpowers.
開箱即用的Google Analytics(分析)功能強大，但是通過進行一些自定義和與Web數據的更深入的集成，您可以為您的分析儀表板提供額外的強大功能。
自定義尺寸 (Custom Dimensions)
Custom Dimensions are what Google specifies as “non-standard data.” Really, they’re just additional data points that we can configure to get a better understanding of what makes our website unique.
Google將自定義維度稱為“非標準數據”。 實際上，它們只是我們可以配置的其他數據點，以更好地了解使我們的網站與眾不同的原因。
For the sake of this article (maybe a later one), I’m not going to go into how to add Custom Dimensions, but Google provides a great guide to get an in depth understanding and a developer guide to go with it. What I’ll go over here is how to explore our reports once some Custom Dimensions are already set up.
為了本文(可能是以后的文章)的緣故，我不打算介紹如何添加“自定義維度”，但是Google提供了一個很好的指南來深入了解，并提供了開發者指南 。 一旦設置了一些自定義維度，我將在這里討論如何瀏覽我們的報告。
我們的自定義尺寸是什么？ (What are our Custom Dimensions?)
To start, we’ll talk about 2 specific Custom Dimensions: Author and Page Category.
首先，我們將討論兩個特定的自定義維度：作者和頁面類別。
Author is what it sounds like, it’s the person who wrote the article. Page Category in our case is the primary, top-level category that represents the post.
聽起來是作者，是撰寫文章的人。 在我們的案例中，頁面類別是代表帖子的主要頂級類別。
On freeCodeCamp News, you can specify as many categories as you want (do so responsibly), but the first one in the list is consider your “primary” category and is used when you see your post in listing views such as the homepage.
在freeCodeCamp News上，您可以指定想要的任意多個類別(負責任地這樣做)，但是列表中的第一個類別是您的“主要”類別，當您在列表視圖(例如主頁)中看到帖子時使用該類別。
我們該怎么辦？ (What can we do with these?)
The great thing is when we set these up, we attribute them to a page view. Once that page view is collected by Google Analytics, we can use it to search on, which is really what makes it powerful. Let’s start with Author.
很棒的是，當我們設置它們時，我們將它們歸因于頁面視圖。 一旦Google Analytics(分析)收集了該頁面視圖，我們就可以使用它進行搜索，這正是它使功能強大的原因。 讓我們從作者開始。
查找特定作者的所有帖子 (Finding all posts from a specific Author)
If we wanted to search for any post written by Quincy Larson, we’ll want to navigate back to Behavior, then Site Content, and finally All Pages.
如果我們想搜索Quincy Larson撰寫的任何帖子，我們將要導航回Behavior ，然后是Site Content ，最后是All Pages 。
Once there, we’ll want to add a Secondary dimension, similar when we added Source / medium, but now we’ll want to search for and select Author, which you’ll also find nested under the Custom Dimensions heading of that dropdown.
到達該位置后，我們想添加一個Secondary維度 ，類似于添加Source / media時，但是現在我們要搜索并選擇Author ，您還會發現嵌套在該下拉菜單的Custom Dimensions標題下。
From there, we’ll want to select Advanced on the right (highlighted below), add our author’s name, and finally hit the Apply button.
從那里，我們將要選擇右側的Advanced(在下面突出顯示)，添加作者的名字，最后點擊Apply(應用)按鈕。
After hitting apply, we now have all the stats we could ever dream of for the articles written by our author, Quincy Larson.
點擊“應用”后，我們現在擁有我們的作者昆西·拉爾森(Quincy Larson)撰寫的文章所能想到的所有統計數據。
您也可以在Google Analytics(分析)搜索欄中鍵入查詢。 (You can also just type a query into the Google Analytics Search Bar.)
Google Analytics has a search bar at the top, and you can just type natural language queries like this one:
Google Analytics(分析)在頂部有一個搜索欄，您可以像這樣輸入自然語言查詢：
哪些類別表現最好？ (Which categories are doing the best?)
This is a trickier one. There are a lot of questions we may be able to answer with the basic reports like we did with Author, such as “out of all of the JavaScript posts, what has the most traffic?”, but maybe we want to know generally what category is the most popular on the site.
這是一個棘手的問題。 與使用Author所做的基本報告一樣，我們可以回答很多問題，例如“所有JavaScript帖子中，訪問量最大的是什么？”，但是也許我們想大致了解哪個類別是該網站上最受歡迎的。
To do this we need to get our hands dirty with Custom Reports. This is too advanced to try to tackle in this post, but Google does a great job at outlining it in detail.
為此，我們需要使用“自定義報告”。 這篇文章太過高級而無法解決，但是Google在詳細概述它方面做得很好 。
For now, I’ve done you a favor and set up a report that you can easily import to your account and use right away. So first thing’s first, let’s import the report: https://analytics.google.com/analytics/web/template?uid=4fHol2S_TZqcQACAwfcmfg
現在，我幫了您一個忙，并建立了一個報告，您可以輕松地將其導入您的帳戶并立即使用。 首先，讓我們導入報告： https : //analytics.google.com/analytics/web/template?uid=4fHol2S_TZqcQACAwfcmfg
Here you should see a screen like the above that asks us 2 things: where should we apply the report and what do we want to call it? If you’re an author of freecodecamp.org with access to GA and want to view this, you would select the All Web Site Data view under the freeCodeCamp News property.
在這里，您應該會看到如上所示的屏幕，該屏幕向我們詢問兩件事：我們應該在哪里應用該報告，以及我們想如何稱呼它？ 如果您是可以訪問GA的freecodecamp.org的作者，并且想要查看此內容，則可以在freeCodeCamp News屬性下選擇“所有網站數據”視圖。
Once selected, name the report what you’d like, such as “Top Primary Categories”, and click Create.
選擇后，將報表命名為所需名稱，例如“ Top Primary Categories”，然后單擊“創建”。
After it’s done, you’ll then land on the newly imported custom report where you can immediately see the most popular categories on the site, which for August is JavaScript!
完成后，您將進入新導入的自定義報告，在該報告中，您可以立即看到網站上最受歡迎的類別，八月份是JavaScript！
分解 (Breakdown)
This was a lot!
太多了！
But this is just the tip of the data iceberg. Even with just the above, you can see there’s a lot going on and a lot of configuration to make the most out of Google Analytics for your specific needs.
但這只是數據冰山的一角。 即使只有上述內容，您仍然可以看到有很多事情正在進行，并且有很多配置可以充分利用Google Analytics(分析)來滿足您的特定需求。
If this interests you, I encourage you to do some research on your own, add a new view (particularly a Test View to play around with), and get your hands dirty poking around the different reports. Otherwise, keep an eye out for more of my GA posts covering advanced installation and deeper insights.
如果您對此感興趣，我鼓勵您自己進行一些研究， 添加一個新視圖 (尤其是一個可與之一起使用的測試視圖 )，并動手查看不同的報告。 否則，請留意我的更多GA職位，內容涉及高級安裝和更深入的見解。
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Originally published at https://www.colbyfayock.com/2019/09/making-sense-of-google-analytics-and-the-traffic-to-your-website
最初發布于https://www.colbyfayock.com/2019/09/making-sense-of-google-analytics-and-the-traffic-to-your-website
翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/making-sense-of-google-analytics-and-the-traffic-to-your-website/
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