cifs------网络文件系统(2)
接著上篇博客繼續:
Samba 基本配置
[root@server2 ~]# rpm -qc samba-common???????????? //查看smb的配置文件
1、黑、白名單的設定
默認白名單,設置的ip是黑名單用戶:hosts deny = ip
默認黑名單,設置的ip是白名單用戶:hosts allow = ip
黑名單 :
??????? 假設不允許ip為172.25.1.2的的主機登陸
服務器端 :
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf?????????? //編輯配置文件
hosts deny = 172.25.1.2
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service???????? //服務重啟
此時,客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]# smbclient -L //172.25.1.1/ -U student???????????????? //服務被拒絕
白名單:
??????? 假設只允許ip為172.25.1.2的的主機登陸
服務器端:
[root@server1 samba]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf???????????? //將黑名單注釋掉,并添加白名單
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service??????? //重啟服務
此時,客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]#? smbclient //172.25.1.1/student -U student?????????????? //可以登陸
2、smb 共享目錄
非系統目錄的共享
服務器端:
[root@server1 ~]# mkdir /westos
[root@server1 ~]# touch /westos/file{1..5}?????????? //目錄下創建文件
修改安全上下文,這里出現了點問題;
[root@server1 ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t '/westos(/.*)?'????????????? //提示沒有semanage這個命令
 -bash: semanage: command not found
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y semanage???
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
 This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
 No package semanage available.
 Error: Nothing to do
[root@server1 ~]# yum provides semanage???????
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
 This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
 rhel7.5/filelists_db????????????????????????????????????????????? | 3.4 MB? 00:00:00??? ?
 policycoreutils-python-2.5-22.el7.x86_64 : SELinux policy core python utilities
 Repo??????? : rhel7.5
 Matched from:
 Filename??? : /usr/sbin/semanage
[root@server1 ~]# yum -y install policycoreutils-python
[root@server1 ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t '/westos(/.*)?'?????????????? //此時修改安全上下文
[root@server1 ~]# restorecon -FvvR /westos/???????????????????? //刷新
[root@server1 ~]# semanage fcontext -l | grep /westos?????????? //過濾查看/westos的安全上下文修改是否成功
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[DIR]????????????????????? //可以看到的共享目錄的名稱
comment = westos file?? //對共享目錄的描述
path = /westos??? ? ? ? ? ? ? //共享目錄的絕對路徑
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service????????????? //重啟服務
客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]# smbclient //172.25.1.1/DIR?????????????? //匿名登陸
 Enter SAMBA\root's password:
 Anonymous login successful
 tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED???????????? //登錄失敗,則匿名用戶不可以登陸
 [root@server2 ~]# smbclient //172.25.1.1/DIR -U student??????? //student登陸
 Enter SAMBA\student's password:
 Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.????????????????? //登陸成功
 smb: \> ls
 ? .?????????????????????????????????? D??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:17:42 2019
 ? ..???????????????????????????????? DR??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:16:09 2019
 ? file1?????????????????????????????? N??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:17:42 2019
 ? file2?????????????????????????????? N??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:17:42 2019
 ? file3?????????????????????????????? N??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:17:42 2019
 ? file4?????????????????????????????? N??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:17:42 2019
 ? file5?????????????????????????????? N??????? 0? Tue Mar? 5 07:17:42 2019
?? ??? ?17811456 blocks of size 1024. 16542024 blocks available
 smb: \> quit???????????????? //退出
系統目錄的共享
服務端:
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service????????????????
 [root@server1 ~]# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on????????????? //打開該布爾值后可以共享所有目錄,比安全上下文的級別高
[root@server1 ~]# ls /mnt
 westos
客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]# smbclient //172.25.1.1/DIR -U student
smb 權限管理
browseable = no | yes ——更改此參數,不用重啟服務
no ——將該共享目錄設置為隱藏
yes——將該共享目錄設置為顯示
writable = yes|no ——更改此參數,需要重啟服務no | yes —— 設置用戶是否可寫(所有用戶)
write list = student ——更改此參數,需要重啟服務允許用戶 student 進行寫操作(相當于白名單)
write list = @student ——更改此參數,需要重啟服務只允許屬于 student 組的用戶進行寫操作
admin users = 用戶名 ——更改此參數,需要重啟服務
1.隱藏該共享目錄
服務端:
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service
客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]#? smbclient -L //172.25.1.1
2.顯示該共享目錄,且可寫
服務器端:
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service
[root@server1 ~]# chmod 777 /mnt
客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]# mount //172.25.1.1/DIR /mnt -o username=student,password=redhat
[root@server2 ~]# mount //172.25.1.1/DIR /mnt -o username=student,password=redhat
 [root@server2 ~]# cd /mnt/
 [root@server2 mnt]# ls
 westos
 [root@server2 mnt]# touch file1
 [root@server2 mnt]# ls
 file1? westos
[root@server2 mnt]# cd
 [root@server2 ~]# umount /mnt/
 **************************************
以此類推。。。。。。
smb 多用戶掛載
客戶端:
[root@server2 ~]# yum install cifs-utils -y
[root@server2 ~]# vim /root/smbpass?????????????? //根據掛載規則編寫認證所需的文件
[root@server2 ~]# mount -o credentials=/root/smbpass,sec=ntlmssp,multiuser //172.25.1.1/DIR /mnt
//掛載,其中,credentials=/root/smbpass文件指定的用戶名、密碼,sec=ntlmssp 認證方式認證方式是ntlmssp;查詢方式:rpm -ql | grep samba, multiuser為多用戶掛載
[root@server2 ~]# df
[root@server2 ~]# cd /mnt/
 [root@server2 mnt]# ls
 file1? westos
 [root@server2 mnt]# useradd file2??????? //創建用戶file2
 [root@server2 mnt]# su - file2???????? //切換到普通用戶file2
 [file2@server2 ~]$ cd /mnt?????????????
 [file2@server2 mnt]$ ls???????? //無法查看 ,必須指定用戶掛載通過smb認證才可以查看
ls: reading directory .: Permission denied
 [file2@server2 mnt]$ exit
 logout
[root@server2 mnt]# cifscreds --help????????? //查看相關命令
cifscreds: unrecognized option '--help'
 Usage:
 ?? ?cifscreds add [-u username] [-d] <host|domain>
 ?? ?cifscreds clear [-u username] [-d] <host|domain>
 ?? ?cifscreds clearall
 ?? ?cifscreds update [-u username] [-d] <host|domain>
[root@server2 mnt]# su - file2
 Last login: Tue Mar? 5 10:02:55 EST 2019 on pts/0
 [file2@server2 ~]$ cifscreds add -u student 172.25.1.1??????????????? //需要通過smb認證
 Password:
 [file2@server2 ~]$ cd /mnt/
 [file2@server2 mnt]$ ls??????????? //此時可以查看mnt下面的文件
file1? westos
smb 匿名用戶訪問
服務器端:
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart smb.service
客戶端:
[root@server2 mnt]$ smbclient //172.25.1.1/DIR
//即匿名用戶此時可以訪問到
[root@server2 ~]# mount //172.25.1.1/DIR /mnt -o username=guest,password=""
總結
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