問題描述：在一個大的項目中往往會包括很多模塊，會有不同的部門或公司來負責實現某個模塊，也有可能有第三方或客戶的參與。假如他們都用到了某個開源軟件，底層模塊根據自身的需求對這個開源軟件進行了修改或裁減。上層也用到了此開源軟件，根據它自己的需求不需要做改動。如果在一個項目中，底層和上層分別同時引入兩次此開源軟件，就會發生接口沖突。并且底層想對上層隱藏對此開源軟件的使用，此時可以通過對接口重命名來解決沖突。

下面舉一個簡單實例來說明：

1、???首先模擬一個簡單的開源庫integerArithmetic.lib，實現簡單的整數加、減、乘、除運算：包含2個文件，funset.h和funset.cpp，作為上層直接調用；

funset.h:

#ifndef _FUNSET_H_
#define _FUNSET_H_int add(int a, int b);
int sub(int a, int b);
int mul(int a, int b);
int division(int a, int b);#endif //_FUNSET_H_

funset.cpp:

#include "funset.h"int add(int a, int b)
{return (a + b);
}int sub(int a, int b)
{return (a - b);
}int mul(int a, int b)
{return (a * b);
}int division(int a, int b)
{if (b == 0) return -1;return (a / b);
}

2、???對原integerArithmetic庫進行改寫，重新生成fbc.lib：包含5個文件，fbc.h, funset.h, rename.h, root.h和funset.cpp，fbc.h為上層提供的接口；

funset.h:

#ifndef _FUNSET_H_
#define _FUNSET_H_int add(int a, int b);
int sub(int a, int b);
int mul(int a, int b);
int division(int a, int b);#endif //_FUNSET_H_

funset.cpp:

#include "root.h"int add(int a, int b)
{return (a + b) / 2;
}int sub(int a, int b)
{return (a - b) / 2;
}int mul(int a, int b)
{return (a * b) / 2;
}int division(int a, int b)
{if (b == 0) return -1;return (a / b) / 2;
}

rename.h:

#ifndef _DONT_RENAME_
//To avoid any possible linking confliction, rename all exported names#define add RENAME_add
#define sub RENAME_sub
#define mul RENAME_mul
#define division RENAME_division#endif //!_DONT_RENAME_

root.h:

#ifndef _ROOT_H_
#define _ROOT_H_#include "rename.h"
#include "funset.h"#endif //_ROOT_H_

fbc.h:

#include "root.h"#define fbc_add add
#define fbc_sub sub
#define fbc_mul mul
#define fbc_division division

3、???新建一個testRename控制臺工程，測試這兩個庫，包含6個文件：testfbc.h, testfbc.cpp, testintegerArithmetic.h,testintegerArithmetic.cpp, stdafx.cpp, testRename.cpp:

?testfbc.h:

#ifndef _TEST_FBC_H_
#define _TEST_FBC_H_void cal_fbc(int a, int b);#endif //_TEST_FBC_H_

testfbc.cpp:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "testfbc.h"
#include "../fbc/fbc.h"
#include <iostream>using namespace std;void cal_fbc(int a, int b)
{cout<<"test fbc lib:"<<endl;cout<<"add = "<<fbc_add(a, b)<<endl;cout<<"sub = "<<fbc_sub(a, b)<<endl;cout<<"mul = "<<fbc_mul(a, b)<<endl;cout<<"division = "<<fbc_division(a, b)<<endl;
}

testintegerArithmetic.h:

#ifndef _TEST_INTEGER_ARITHMETIC_H_
#define _TEST_INTEGER_ARITHMETIC_H_void cal_integerArithmetic(int a, int b);#endif//_TEST_INTEGER_ARITHMETIC_H_

testintegerArithmetic.cpp:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "testintegerArithmetic.h"
#include "../integerArithmetic/funset.h"
#include <iostream>using namespace std;void cal_integerArithmetic(int a, int b)
{cout<<"test integerArithmetic lib:"<<endl;cout<<"add = "<<add(a, b)<<endl;cout<<"sub = "<<sub(a, b)<<endl;cout<<"mul = "<<mul(a, b)<<endl;cout<<"division = "<<division(a, b)<<endl;
}

stdafx.cpp:

#include "stdafx.h"// TODO: reference any additional headers you need in STDAFX.H
// and not in this file#pragma comment(lib, "../debug/fbc.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "../debug/integerArithmetic.lib")

testRename.cpp:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "testintegerArithmetic.h"
#include "testfbc.h"using namespace std;int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{int a, b;a = 10;b = 2;cal_integerArithmetic(a, b);cal_fbc(a, b);cout<<"ok"<<endl;return 0;
}

測試運行，結果正確，這兩個庫中包含了重名的add, sub, mul, division四個函數，在testRename中同時調用這兩個庫并沒有產生沖突。

使用dumpbin工具查看fbclib.lib，Symbol Name分別為RENAME_add, RENAME_sub, RENAME_mul, RENAME_division；而integerArithmetic.lib中Symbol Name分別為add, sub, mul, division，所以不會產生沖突。