Tomcat是由Apache軟件基金會下屬的Jakarta項目開發(fā)的一個Servlet容器，按照

Sun Microsystems提供的技術(shù)規(guī)范，實現(xiàn)了對Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）

的支持，并提供了作為Web服務(wù)器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平臺、

安全局管理和Tomcat閥等。由于Tomcat本身也內(nèi)含了一個HTTP服務(wù)器，它也可

以被視作一個單獨的Web服務(wù)器。但是，不能將Tomcat和Apache Web服務(wù)器混

淆，Apache Web Server是一個用C語言實現(xiàn)的HTTP web server；這兩個HTTP

web server不是捆綁在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一個配置管理工具，也可

以通過編輯XML格式的配置文件來進行配置。 摘自-wiki

規(guī)劃
?apache + mod_jk / mod_proxy ? 172.16.43.1(salve1.king.com)
?jdk , tomcat ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.43.2(salve2.king.com)
?jdk , tomcat ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.43.3(salve2.king.com)

1 .基本配置 jdk , tomcat (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)

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i) 準(zhǔn)備jdk , tomcat的bin包 jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz # ii) 安裝配置jdk rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm vim?/etc/profile.d/java.sh export?JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest export?PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH # 退出編輯后重新執(zhí)行該腳本導(dǎo)出環(huán)境變量 .?/etc/profile.d/java.sh java --version # 可以看到如下信息 [root@slave2 ~]# java -version java version?"1.7.0_09" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_09-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.5-b02, mixed mode) # 最后利用javac編譯helloworld確保成功 vim Hello.java public class Hello { ??public static void main(String[] args) { ????System.out.println("Hello Wolrd"); ??} } # 編譯java代碼 javac Hello.java # 運行java代碼 , 注意這里是 類名 java Hello

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iii) 配置安裝tomcat tar?xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C?/usr/local ln?-sv?/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.42?/usr/local/tomcat # vim?/etc/init.d/tomcat #!/bin/sh # Tomcat init script for Linux. # # chkconfig: 2345 96 14 # description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container. # JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m' JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export?JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME # case?$1?in start) ??exec?$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;; stop) ??exec?$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;; restart) ??$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop ??sleep?2 ??exec?$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;; *) ??echo?"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}" ??exit?1 ??;; esac # # 編輯完畢后添加tomcat服務(wù)開機啟動 chmod?+x?/etc/init.d/tomcat chkconfig --add tomcat chkconfig tomcat on service tomcat start

# 測試不改任何配置文件,tomcat默認(rèn)監(jiān)聽在8080端口,直接訪問

2. 反代配置 apache + mod_jk(ajp) / mod_proxy(ajp , http) + tomcat

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i) 準(zhǔn)備apache , tomcat-connectors(mod_jk)的源碼包 (salve1.king.com) # mod_proxy是apache的原生模塊 httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2 tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz

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ii) 安裝配置apache基于mod_jk(ajp協(xié)議)的反向代理 (salve1.king.com) 編譯需要依賴 pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2? apr-1.5.0.bz2? apr-util-1.5.3.bz2 按需進行依次編譯安裝 tar?xf pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2 cd?pcre-devel-7.8-6 ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/pcre make?&&?make?install # tar?xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2 cd?apr-1.5.0 ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/apr make?&&?make?install # tar?xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2 cd?apr-util-1.5.3 ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/apr-util?--with-apr=/usr/local/apr make?&&?make?install # # 安裝之前請確保系統(tǒng)之前預(yù)裝的httpd已被卸載 rpm -e httpd --nodeps tar?xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2 cd?httpd-2.4.9 ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/apache?--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd?--enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr?--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util?--enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer? --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm? --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog make?&&?make?install # # 編輯/etc/httpd/httpd.conf，添加如下行即可： PidFile??"/var/run/httpd.pid"?# 32行 # 將如下模塊啟動,否則無法啟動httpd LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so?#128 # # 啟動腳本如下 vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd #!/bin/bash # # httpd??????? Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible? \ #????????? server implementing the current HTTP standards. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid # .?/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions if?[ -f?/etc/sysconfig/httpd?];?then ????????.?/etc/sysconfig/httpd fi HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} INITLOG_ARGS="" apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl???# 修改apachectl路徑 httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd??????# 修改httpd bin路徑 prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} RETVAL=0 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10} start() { ????????echo?-n $"Starting $prog: " ????????LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS ????????RETVAL=$? ????????echo ????????[ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&?touch?${lockfile} ????????return?$RETVAL } stop() { ????echo?-n $"Stopping $prog: " ????killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd ????RETVAL=$? ????echo ????[ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&?rm?-f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() { ????echo?-n $"Reloading $prog: " ????if?! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null;?then ????????RETVAL=6 ????????echo?$"not reloading due to configuration syntax error" ????????failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error" ????else ????????# Force LSB behaviour from killproc ????????LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP ????????RETVAL=$? ????????if?[ $RETVAL -eq?7 ];?then ????????????failure $"httpd shutdown" ????????fi ????fi ????echo } # See how we were called. case?"$1"?in ??start) ????start ????;; ??stop) ????stop ????;; ??status) ????????status -p ${pidfile} $httpd ????RETVAL=$? ????;; ??restart) ????stop ????start ????;; ??condrestart|try-restart) ????if?status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null;?then ????????stop ????????start ????fi ????;; ??force-reload|reload) ????????reload ????;; ??graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) ????$apachectl $@ ????RETVAL=$? ????;; ??*) ????echo?$"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" ????RETVAL=2 esac exit?$RETVAL # # 而后為此腳本賦予執(zhí)行權(quán)限： chmod?+x?/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd # # 加入服務(wù)列表： chkconfig --add httpd # # mod_jk安裝配置 tar?xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz cd?tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/ ./configure?--with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs make?&&?make?install # # 啟動httpd service httpd start

# httpd安裝好后需要觀察如下模塊是否已經(jīng)就緒

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iii) mod_jk(ajp協(xié)議)反代tomcat示例 (slave1.king.com) vim?/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf # Load the mod_jk LoadModule? jk_module? modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile??/etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties JkLogFile? logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel? debug JkMount? /*? tomcat1 JkMount??/status/??stat1 # vim?/etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties worker.list=tomcat1,stat1 worker.tomcat1.port=8009 worker.tomcat1.host=172.16.43.2 worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 worker.stat1.type?= status # vim?/etc/httpd/httpd.conf DirectoryIndex index.jsp??# 249行 Include?/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf?# 446行 # vim?/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) <Engine name="Catalina"?defaultHost="localhost"?jvmRoute="tomcat1">??# 103行 # 兩個節(jié)點分別重啟 httpd , tomcat 服務(wù)

# 測試, 此時基本的反代及status頁面已經(jīng)可以訪問

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iv) mod_proxy(http協(xié)議 , ajp協(xié)議)反代tomcat示例 (salve1.king.com) # 在httpd.conf的全局配置段(Directory)或虛擬主機(VirtualHost)中添加如下內(nèi)容： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost Off <Proxy *> ??Require all granted </Proxy> ??ProxyPass? /? ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/ ??ProxyPassReverse? /? ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/ <Location? / > ??Require all granted </Location> # # apache跟Tomcat的http連接器進行整合： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass / http://172.16.100.2:8080/ ProxyPassReverse / http://172.16.100.2:8080/ <Proxy *> ??Require all granted </Proxy> <Location? / > ??Require all granted </Location> # # 基于session綁定均衡反代 ProxyRequests Off <proxy balancer://lbcluster> BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.1:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat1 BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.2:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat2 </proxy> # <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.king.com ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/?stickysession=JSESSIONID ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/ </VirtualHost> # # 為tomcat建立新的webapp用于測試 (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) vim?/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <Context path="/testsession"?docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/testsession"?/>?# 140行 # # 測試頁面 (slave2.king.com) <%@ page language="java"?%> <html> ??<head><title>tomcat1</title></head> ??<body> ????<h1><font color="red">tomcat1.king.com</font></h1> ????<table align="centre"?border="1"> ??????<tr> ????????<td>Session ID</td> ????<% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %> ????????<td><%= session.getId() %></td> ??????</tr> ??????<tr> ????????<td>Created on</td> ????????<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td> ?????</tr> ????</table> ??</body> </html> # # 測試頁面 (salve3,king.com) <%@ page language="java"?%> <html> ??<head><title>tomcat2</title></head> ??<body> ????<h1><font color="red">tomcat2.king.com</font></h1> ????<table align="centre"?border="1"> ??????<tr> ????????<td>Session ID</td> ????<% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %> ????????<td><%= session.getId() %></td> ??????</tr> ??????<tr> ????????<td>Created on</td> ????????<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td> ?????</tr> ????</table> ??</body> </html>

# 測試, 使用不同瀏覽器將訪問落在不同節(jié)點上,反復(fù)刷新不變則證明sticksession成功

本文轉(zhuǎn)自My_King1 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/apprentice/1409339，如需轉(zhuǎn)載請自行聯(lián)系原作者

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