前言

Cobbler是一個(gè)自動(dòng)化和簡化系統(tǒng)安裝的工具，通過使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)引導(dǎo)來控制和啟動(dòng)安裝。Cobbler的特性包括存儲庫鏡像、Kickstart模板和連接電源管理系統(tǒng)。使用Cobbler之前需要先了解下PXE和Kickstart的基本原理，文章包含了Cobbler工作原理和Cobbler部署實(shí)踐兩部分內(nèi)容，交叉關(guān)聯(lián)性的內(nèi)容還是蠻多的，遇到報(bào)錯(cuò)也不要怕，都會一步一步解決的。

使用Cobbler輕松設(shè)置和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝環(huán)境

Cobbler工作原理

Cobbler由Python語言開發(fā)，是對PXE和Kickstart以及DHCP的封裝。融合很多特性，提供了CLI和Web的管理形式。更加方便的實(shí)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝。同時(shí)，Cobbler也提供了API接口，使用其它語言也很容易做擴(kuò)展。它不緊可以安裝物理機(jī)，同時(shí)也支持kvm、xen虛擬化、Guest OS的安裝。更多的是它還能結(jié)合Puppet等集中化管理軟件，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的管理。

Cobbler 支持眾多的發(fā)行版：Red Hat、Fedora、CentOS、Debian、Ubuntu 和 SuSE。當(dāng)添加一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)（通常通過使用 ISO 文件）時(shí)，Cobbler 知道如何解壓縮合適的文件并調(diào)整網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)，以正確引導(dǎo)機(jī)器。Cobbler 使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的圖形化配置管理工具（cobbler-web）。通過配置cobbler自動(dòng)部署DHCP、TFTP、HTTP，在安裝過程中加載kiskstart無人值守安裝應(yīng)答文件實(shí)現(xiàn)無人值守。從客戶端使用PXE引導(dǎo)啟動(dòng)安裝。

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Server端

第一步，啟動(dòng)Cobbler服務(wù)
第二步，進(jìn)行Cobbler錯(cuò)誤檢查，執(zhí)行cobbler check命令
第三步，進(jìn)行配置同步，執(zhí)行cobbler sync命令
第四步，復(fù)制相關(guān)啟動(dòng)文件文件到TFTP目錄中
第五步，啟動(dòng)DHCP服務(wù)，提供地址分配
第六步，DHCP服務(wù)分配IP地址
第七步，TFTP傳輸啟動(dòng)文件
第八步，Server端接收安裝信息
第九步，Server端發(fā)送ISO鏡像與Kickstart文件

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Client端

第一步，客戶端以PXE模式啟動(dòng)
第二步，客戶端獲取IP地址
第三步，通過TFTP服務(wù)器獲取啟動(dòng)文件
第四步，進(jìn)入Cobbler安裝選擇界面
第五步，客戶端確定加載信息
第六步，根據(jù)配置信息準(zhǔn)備安裝系統(tǒng)
第七步，加載Kickstart文件
第八步，傳輸系統(tǒng)安裝的其它文件
第九步，進(jìn)行安裝系統(tǒng)

Cobbler部署實(shí)踐

設(shè)置YUM源

cd?/etc/yum.repo.d/ vi?epel.repo[epel] name=Extra?Packages?for?Enterprise?Linux?6?-?$basearch baseurl=? #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6[epel-debuginfo] name=Extra?Packages?for?Enterprise?Linux?6?-?$basearch?-?Debug baseurl=? #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=0gpgkey=? [epel-source] name=Extra?Packages?for?Enterprise?Linux?6?-?$basearch?-?Source baseurl=? #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=0gpgkey=? #導(dǎo)入GPG?keysudo?rpm?--import?? #修改repo文件添加CentOS?6.X的YUM源cd?/etc/yum.repos.d/ cp?rhel-source.repo?rhel-source.repo.bak vi?rhel-source.repo[base] name=CentOS-$releasever-Base baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[updates] name=CentOS-$releasever-Updates baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[extras] name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever-Plus baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1

清除緩存查看是否生效

yum?clean?all yum?makecache yum?repolist

直接cobbler關(guān)聯(lián)依賴包

yum?install?cobbler? cobbler-web? httpd? rsync? tftp-serverxinetddhcp??????????? python-ctypes? debmirror? pykickstart? cman? fence-agents? dnsmasq?#使用yum-plugin-downloadonly插件yum?install?-y?yum-plugin-downloadonly yum?install? --downloadonly? --downloaddir=/tmp/cobbler? cobbler? cobbler-web? httpd?rsync? tftp-server? xinetd? dhcppython-ctypesdebmirror? pykickstart? cman? fence-agentsdnsmasq

必要服務(wù)

（1）cobbler （cobbler的核心）
（2）httpd （提供cobbler的web界面）
（3）dhcpd （為自動(dòng)安裝系統(tǒng)分配IP地址）
（4）epel-release （為之提供yum源）
（5）rsync （cobbler需要同步信息）
（6）cobbler-web （cobbler的一個(gè)web插件）
（7）xinetd （為rsync和tftp的守護(hù)進(jìn)程）
（8）tftp （傳送安裝的一些文件的類似ftp）

檢查cobbler配置，常見錯(cuò)誤如下

cobbler?check1?:?The?'server'?field?in?/etc/cobbler/settings?must?be?set?to?something?other? than?localhost,?or?kickstarting?features?will?not?work.??This?should?be?a? resolvable?hostname?or?IP?for?the?boot?server?as?reachable?by?all?machines? that?will?use?it.2?:?For?PXE?to?be?functional,?the?'next_server'?field?in?/etc/cobbler/settings? must?be?set?to?something?other?than?127.0.0.1,?and?should?match?the?IP?of? the?boot?server?on?the?PXE?network.3?:?change?'disable'?to?'no'?in?/etc/xinetd.d/tftp4?:?some?network?boot-loaders?are?missing?from?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders,?youmay?run?'cobbler?get-loaders'?to?download?them,?or,?if?you?only?want?to? handle?x86/x86_64?netbooting,?you?may?ensure?that?you?have?installed?a? *recent*?version?of?the?syslinux?package?installed?and?can?ignore?this? message?entirely.??Files?in?this?directory,?should?you?want?to?support?all? architectures,?should?include?pxelinux.0,?menu.c32,?elilo.efi,?and?yaboot.? The?'cobbler?get-loaders'?command?is?the?easiest?way?to?resolve?these? requirements.5?:?change?'disable'?to?'no'?in?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync6?:?file?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync?does?not?exist7?:?debmirror?package?is?not?installed,?it?will?be?required?to?manage?debian? deployments?and?repositories8?:?ksvalidator?was?not?found,?install?pykickstart9?:?The?default?password?used?by?the?sample?templates?for?newly?installed? machines?(default_password_crypted?in?/etc/cobbler/settings)?is?still?set?to? 'cobbler'?and?should?be?changed,?try:?"openssl?passwd?-1?-salt?'random- phrase-here'?'your-password-here'"?to?generate?new?one10?:?fencing?tools?were?not?found,?and?are?required?to?use?the?(optional)? power?management?features.?install?cman?or?fence-agents?to?use?them

1.編輯/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 server選項(xiàng)，修改為本機(jī)IP即可
2.編輯/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 next_server選項(xiàng)，修改為本機(jī)IP即可
3.SELinux的設(shè)置, 如果上面已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了SELinux就不用管了
4.執(zhí)行 cobbler get-loaders，系統(tǒng)將自動(dòng)下載loader程序，完成提示4的修復(fù)工作。
5.編輯/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件，將文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改為no
6.編輯/etc/xinetd.d/rsync文件，將文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改為no
7.在iptables中將69，80，25151端口打開。如果僅僅只是在內(nèi)部環(huán)境中使用，建議直接將防火墻關(guān)掉
8.提示說debmirror沒安裝。如果不是安裝 debian之類的系統(tǒng)，此提示可以忽略
9.修改cobbler用戶的默認(rèn)密碼，可以使用如下命令生成密碼，并使用生成后的密碼替換/etc/cobbler/settings中的密碼。生成密碼命令：openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'其中“random-phrase-here”為任意字符
10.安裝cman或者fence-agents

關(guān)閉selinux/iptables

sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop

設(shè)置tftp服務(wù)和rsync服務(wù)

sed -i '/disable/c\tdisable\t\t\t= no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i -e 's/\=\ yes/\=\ no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

設(shè)置DHCP server的IP

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.28.70.245/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

設(shè)置cobbler的IP

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.28.70.245/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

設(shè)置Cobbler管理rsync

sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

設(shè)置Cobbler管理DHCP

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

設(shè)置Cobbler一次安裝開關(guān)（可選）

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

設(shè)置Cobbler管理DNS（可選）

sed -i 's/manage_dns: 0/manage_dns: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

開啟動(dòng)態(tài)更新（可選）

sed -i 's/allow_dynamic_settings: 0/allow_dynamic_settings: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

設(shè)置debmirror

sed -i -e 's/@dists=/#@dists=/g' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i -e 's/@arches=/#@arches=/g' /etc/debmirror.conf

編輯dnsmasq.template中dhcp-range部分

#vi?/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatevi?/etc/dnsmasq.conf#?Cobbler?generated?configuration?file?for?dnsmasq#?$date##?resolve.conf?..??#no-poll#enable-dbusread-ethers addn-hosts?=?/var/lib/cobbler/cobbler_hostsdhcp-range=172.28.70.246,172.28.70.250dhcp-option=3,$next_serverdhcp-lease-max=1000dhcp-authoritative dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0dhcp-boot=net:normalarch,pxelinux.0dhcp-boot=net:ia64,$elilo #重啟dnsmasq/etc/init.d/dnsmasq?restart#編輯dhcp.templatecp?/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template?/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak vi?/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template #?****************************************************************** #?Cobbler?managed?dhcpd.conf?file# #?generated?from?cobbler?dhcp.conf?template?($date) #?Do?NOT?make?changes?to?/etc/dhcpd.conf.?Instead,?make?your?changes #?in?/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template,?as?/etc/dhcpd.conf?will?be #?overwritten. #?****************************************************************** #ddns-update-style?interim;allow?booting; allow?bootp;ignore?client-updates;set?vendorclass?=?option?vendor-class-identifier;option?pxe-system-type?code?93?=?unsigned?integer?16;subnet?172.28.70.0?netmask?255.255.255.0?{option?routers?????????????172.28.70.254;option?domain-name-servers?172.28.70.254;option?subnet-mask?????????255.255.255.0;range?dynamic-bootp????????172.28.70.246?172.28.70.250;default-lease-time?????????21600;max-lease-time?????????????43200;next-server????????????????$next_server;class?"pxeclients"?{match?if?substring?(option?vendor-class-identifier,?0,?9)?=?"PXEClient";?????????if?option?pxe-system-type?=?00:02?{filename?"ia64/elilo.efi";}?else?if?option?pxe-system-type?=?00:06?{filename?"grub/grub-x86.efi";}?else?if?option?pxe-system-type?=?00:07?{filename?"grub/grub-x86_64.efi";}?else?{filename?"pxelinux.0";}}}#for?dhcp_tag?in?$dhcp_tags.keys():##?group?could?be?subnet?if?your?dhcp?tags?line?up?with?your?subnets##?or?really?any?valid?dhcpd.conf?construct?...?if?you?only?use?the##?default?dhcp?tag?in?cobbler,?the?group?block?can?be?deleted?for?a##?flat?configuration#?group?for?Cobbler?DHCP?tag:?$dhcp_taggroup?{???????#for?mac?in?$dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag].keys():#set?iface?=?$dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag][$mac]host?$iface.name?{hardware?ethernet?$mac;????????#if?$iface.ip_address:fixed-address?$iface.ip_address;????????#end?if#if?$iface.hostname:option?host-name?"$iface.hostname";????????#end?if#if?$iface.netmask:option?subnet-mask?$iface.netmask;????????#end?if#if?$iface.gateway:option?routers?$iface.gateway;????????#end?if#if?$iface.enable_gpxe:if?exists?user-class?and?option?user-class?=?"gPXE"?{filename?"http://$cobbler_server/cblr/svc/op/gpxe/system/$iface.owner";}?else?if?exists?user-class?and?option?user-class?=?"iPXE"?{filename?"http://$cobbler_server/cblr/svc/op/gpxe/system/$iface.owner";}?else?{filename?"undionly.kpxe";}????????#elsefilename?"$iface.filename";????????#end?if##?Cobbler?defaults?to?$next_server,?but?some?users##?may?like?to?use?$iface.system.server?for?proxied?setupsnext-server?$next_server;????????##?next-server?$iface.next_server;}????????#end?for}#end?for#將dns和dhcp的管理引擎都配置為dnsmasq，修改/etc/cobbler/modules.confvi?/etc/cobbler/modules.conf[authentication] module?=?authn_configfile [dns] module?=?manage_dnsmasq [dhcp] module?=?manage_dnsmasq#修改httpd配置并啟動(dòng)vi?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confServerName?127.0.0.1:80/etc/init.d/httpd?restart

設(shè)置目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)root密碼，這個(gè)設(shè)置只對CentOS/RHEL有效

PASSWORD="echo "admin123" | openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' –stdin"
sed -i s@"^default_password_crypted.*$"@"default_password_crypted: \"$PASSWORD\""@g /etc/cobbler/settings

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default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$k/5ITeQUOffuOujzEvhjY."

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下載啟動(dòng)菜單,啟動(dòng)報(bào)錯(cuò)請嘗試service cobblerd restart

cobbler?get-loaderscobbler@root#cobbler?get-loaderstask?started:?2016-04-11_092911_get_loaders task?started?(id=Download?Bootloader?Content,?time=Mon?Apr?11?09:29:11?2016) downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0downloading? http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloading?http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi?to?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi ***?TASK?COMPLETE?***#重啟相關(guān)服務(wù)并配置自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)chkconfig?cobblerd?on?? chkconfig?httpd?on chkconfig?xinetd?on chkconfig?dnsmasq?on?service?httpd?restart?? service?xinetd?restart?? service?dnsmasq?restart? service?cobblerd?restart??#檢查并同步cobbler配置，如果有如下報(bào)錯(cuò)確認(rèn)文件存在可以忽略cobbler@ZJ/etc/cobbler#cobbler?checkThe?following?are?potential?configuration?items?that?you?may?want?to?fix:1?:?file?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync?does?not?existRestart?cobblerd?and?then?run?'cobbler?sync'?to?apply?changes.cobbler@ZJ/etc/cobbler#cobbler?synctask?started:?2016-04-11_170138_sync task?started?(id=Sync,?time=Mon?Apr?11?17:01:38?2016) running?pre-sync?triggers cleaning?trees removing:?/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/p_w_picpaths copying?bootloaders trying?hardlink?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0?->/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0trying?hardlink?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32?->?/var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 trying?hardlink?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot?->?/var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot trying?hardlink?/usr/share/syslinux/memdisk?->?/var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk trying?hardlink?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi?->?/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi trying?hardlink?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi?->?/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi copying?distros?to?tftpboot copying?p_w_picpaths generating?PXE?configuration?files generating?PXE?menu?structure rendering?DHCP?files rendering?DNS?files rendering?TFTPD?files generating?/etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning?link?caches rendering?Rsync?files running?post-sync?triggers running?python?triggers?from?/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running?python?trigger?cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running:?service?dnsmasq?restart received?on?stdout:?Shutting?down?dnsmasq:?[??OK??] Starting?dnsmasq:?[??OK??]received?on?stderr:? running?shell?triggers?from?/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running?python?triggers?from?/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running?python?trigger?cobbler.modules.scm_track running?shell?triggers?from?/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* ***?TASK?COMPLETE?***#開啟動(dòng)態(tài)編輯后的效果cobbler?setting?report cobbler?setting?report?[--name=option]allow_duplicate_hostnames???????????????:?0allow_duplicate_ips?????????????????????:?0allow_duplicate_macs????????????????????:?0allow_dynamic_settings??????????????????:?1always_write_dhcp_entries???????????????:?0anamon_enabled??????????????????????????:?0auth_token_expiration???????????????????:?3600authn_pam_service???????????????????????:?loginbind_chroot_path????????????????????????:? bind_master?????????????????????????????:?127.0.0.1build_reporting_email???????????????????:?['root@localhost'] build_reporting_enabled?????????????????:?0build_reporting_ignorelist??????????????:?[''] build_reporting_sender??????????????????:? build_reporting_smtp_server?????????????:?localhost build_reporting_subject?????????????????:? build_reporting_to_address??????????????:? buildisodir?????????????????????????????:?/var/cache/cobbler/buildiso cheetah_import_whitelist????????????????:?['random',?'re',?'time'] client_use_https????????????????????????:?0client_use_localhost????????????????????:?0cobbler_master??????????????????????????:? consoles????????????????????????????????:?/var/consoles createrepo_flags????????????????????????:?-c?cache?-s?sha default_deployment_method???????????????:?ssh default_kickstart???????????????????????:?/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks default_name_servers????????????????????:?[] default_name_servers_search?????????????:?[] default_ownership???????????????????????:?['admin'] default_password_crypted????????????????:?$1$root$JX8M6OcOn.pjk0pHdnG0y0 default_template_type???????????????????:?cheetah default_virt_bridge?????????????????????:?xenbr0 default_virt_disk_driver????????????????:?raw default_virt_file_size??????????????????:?5default_virt_ram????????????????????????:?512default_virt_type???????????????????????:?xenpvenable_gpxe?????????????????????????????:?0enable_menu?????????????????????????????:?1func_auto_setup?????????????????????????:?0func_master?????????????????????????????:?overlord.example.org http_port???????????????????????????????:?80isc_set_host_name???????????????????????:?0iso_template_dir????????????????????????:?/etc/cobbler/iso kerberos_realm??????????????????????????:?EXAMPLE.COM kernel_options??????????????????????????:?{'ksdevice':?'bootif',?'lang':?'?',?'text':?'~'} kernel_options_s390x????????????????????:?{'vnc':?'~',?'ip':?False,?'RUNKS':?1,? 'ramdisk_size':?40000,?'ro':?'~',?'root':?'/dev/ram0'} ldap_anonymous_bind?????????????????????:?1ldap_base_dn????????????????????????????:?DC=example,DC=com ldap_management_default_type????????????:?authconfig ldap_port???????????????????????????????:?389ldap_search_bind_dn?????????????????????:? ldap_search_passwd??????????????????????:? ldap_search_prefix??????????????????????:?uid= ldap_server?????????????????????????????:?ldap.example.com ldap_tls????????????????????????????????:?1ldap_tls_cacertfile?????????????????????:? ldap_tls_certfile???????????????????????:? ldap_tls_keyfile????????????????????????:? manage_dhcp?????????????????????????????:?1manage_dns??????????????????????????????:?1manage_forward_zones????????????????????:?[] manage_reverse_zones????????????????????:?[] manage_rsync????????????????????????????:?1manage_tftp?????????????????????????????:?1manage_tftpd????????????????????????????:?1mgmt_classes????????????????????????????:?[] mgmt_parameters?????????????????????????:?{'from_cobbler':?1} next_server?????????????????????????????:?172.28.70.245power_management_default_type???????????:?ipmitool power_template_dir??????????????????????:?/etc/cobbler/power proxy_url_ext???????????????????????????:? proxy_url_int???????????????????????????:? puppet_auto_setup???????????????????????:?0puppet_parameterized_classes????????????:?1puppet_server???????????????????????????:?puppet puppet_version??????????????????????????:?2puppetca_path???????????????????????????:?/usr/bin/puppet pxe_just_once???????????????????????????:?1pxe_template_dir????????????????????????:?/etc/cobbler/pxe redhat_management_key???????????????????:? redhat_management_permissive????????????:?0redhat_management_server????????????????:?xmlrpc.rhn.redhat.com redhat_management_type??????????????????:?off register_new_installs???????????????????:?0remove_old_puppet_certs_automatically???:?0replicate_repo_rsync_options????????????:?-avzH replicate_rsync_options?????????????????:?-avzH reposync_flags??????????????????????????:?-l?-n?-drestart_dhcp????????????????????????????:?1restart_dns?????????????????????????????:?1restart_xinetd??????????????????????????:?1run_install_triggers????????????????????:?1scm_track_enabled???????????????????????:?0scm_track_mode??????????????????????????:?git serializer_pretty_json??????????????????:?0server??????????????????????????????????:?172.28.70.245sign_puppet_certs_automatically?????????:?0signature_path??????????????????????????:?/var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json signature_url???????????????????????????:?http://cobbler.github.io/signatures/2.6.x/latest.json snippetsdir?????????????????????????????:?/var/lib/cobbler/snippets template_remote_kickstarts??????????????:?0virt_auto_boot??????????????????????????:?1webdir??????????????????????????????????:?/var/www/cobbler xmlrpc_port?????????????????????????????:?25151yum_distro_priority?????????????????????:?1yum_post_install_mirror?????????????????:?1yumdownloader_flags?????????????????????:?--resolve#修改seting文件cobbler登陸服務(wù)器地址cobbler?setting?edit?--name=server?--value=172.28.0.1#ks腳本關(guān)閉pxe，這樣就不會重復(fù)安裝cobbler?setting?edit?--name=pxe_just_once?--value=1#TFTP服務(wù)器?IP地址cobbler?setting?edit?--name=next_server?--value=172.28.0.1#cobbler管理rsync，dhcp，dnscobbler?setting?edit?--name=manage_rsync?--value=1cobbler?setting?edit?--name=manage_dhcp?--value=1cobbler?setting?edit?--name=manage_dns?--value=1cobbler導(dǎo)入鏡像#使用鏡像文件mount?-o?loop?/tmp/rhel-server-6.3-x86_64-dvd.iso?/mnt/rhel63#使用光盤mount?/dev/sr0?/mnt/rhel63#執(zhí)行鏡像導(dǎo)入，并關(guān)聯(lián)自定義的自動(dòng)安裝配置ks腳本，這個(gè)地方我們可以為不同的系統(tǒng)版本指定不同的自動(dòng)安裝ks腳本（這個(gè)過程實(shí)際比較長，cobbler 會把軟件整個(gè)復(fù)制一份到本地，在這之前，務(wù)必確認(rèn)硬盤空間足夠裝下鏡 像） cobbler?import?--path=/tmp/rhel63?--name=rhel63?--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel63.cfgtask?started:?2016-04-12_090326_import task?started?(id=Media?import,?time=Tue?Apr?12?09:03:26?2016) Found?a?candidate?signature:?breed=redhat,?version=rhel6 Found?a?matching?signature:?breed=redhat,?version=rhel6 Adding?distros?from?path?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63: creating?new?distro:?rhel63-x86_64 trying?symlink:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63?->?/var/www/cobbler/links/rhel63-x86_64 creating?new?profile:?rhel63-x86_64 associating?repos checking?for?rsync?repo(s) checking?for?rhn?repo(s) checking?for?yum?repo(s) starting?descent?into?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63?for?rhel63-x86_64 processing?repo?at?:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63 need?to?process?repo/comps:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63 looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping?repodata?as-is?:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/repodata processing?repo?at?:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability need?to?process?repo/comps:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping?repodata?as-is?:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability/repodata processing?repo?at?:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server need?to?process?repo/comps:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping?repodata?as-is?:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server/repodata processing?repo?at?:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer need?to?process?repo/comps:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping?repodata?as-is?:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer/repodata processing?repo?at?:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem need?to?process?repo/comps:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping?repodata?as-is?:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem/repodata processing?repo?at?:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage need?to?process?repo/comps:?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping?repodata?as-is?:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage/repodata ***?TASK?COMPLETE?*** #查看cobbler導(dǎo)入結(jié)果cobbler?distro?list?cobbler?report #驗(yàn)證ks有效性，剩下的就是PXE引導(dǎo)測試了cobbler?validateks cobbler-web#設(shè)置Web登錄,cobbler?2.6以上版本已經(jīng)無需修改sed?-i?'s/module?=?authn_denyall/module?=?authn_configfile/g'?/etc/cobbler/modules.conf #設(shè)置Cobbler?Web登錄用戶登錄密碼htdigest?/etc/cobbler/users.digest?"Cobbler"?cobbler Changing?password?for?user?cobbler?in?realm?Cobbler New?password:cobbler Re-type?new?password:cobbler#cobbler_web登錄地址，推薦使用命令行管理http://{IP}/cobbler_web Cobbler相關(guān)選項(xiàng)說明#Cobbler?常用命令詳解cobbler?check? #檢查cobbler配置?cobbler?sync#同步配置到dhcp/pxe和數(shù)據(jù)目錄?cobbler?list?#列出所有的cobbler元素?cobbler?import? #導(dǎo)入安裝的系統(tǒng)鏡像?cobbler?report#列出各元素的詳細(xì)信息?cobbler?distro? #查看導(dǎo)入的發(fā)行版系統(tǒng)信息?cobbler?profile? #查看配置信息?cobbler?system?#查看添加的系統(tǒng)信息?cobbler?reposync? #同步y(tǒng)um倉庫到本地#導(dǎo)入鏡像文件命令： cobbler?import?--path=鏡像路徑?--?name=安裝引導(dǎo)名?--arch=32位或64位 參數(shù)： path?是鏡像所掛載的目錄? name?是導(dǎo)入到cobbler里面顯示的名字? arch?是32位系統(tǒng)還是64位系統(tǒng) #導(dǎo)入kickstart文件命令：cobbler?profile?add?--name=list名?--distro=鏡像?--kickstart=路徑 參數(shù)： name是表示添加的ks?的名字，用cobbler?report可以看到這個(gè)名字? distro?是用哪個(gè)鏡像，list的distros里面選擇一個(gè)，需要版本相對應(yīng)? kickstart?是具體的?ks?文件路徑#同步DHCP、HTTPD命令：cobbler?sync 注，每次修改完dhcp.template之類的配置文件需要執(zhí)行一次使其生效。 #查看Cobbler列表命令：cobbler?list 注，列出Cobbler所有的元素。 #刪除相關(guān)列表命令：cobbler?distro/profile?remove?--name=要?jiǎng)h除的引導(dǎo)文件名 刪除指定?distro?,?也就是鏡像 刪除指定的?profile?文件，也就是?ks #Cobbler安裝后目錄說明cobbler配置文件目錄/etc/cobbler： /etc/cobbler/settings?#cobbler主配置文件?/etc/cobbler/iso/? #iso模板配置文件?/etc/cobbler/pxe? #pxe模板文件?/etc/cobbler/power? #電源的配置文件?/etc/cobbler/users.conf? #Web?服務(wù)授權(quán)配置文件?/etc/cobbler/users.digest? #用于web訪問的用戶名密碼配置文件?/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template? #DHCP服務(wù)的配置模板?/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template? #DNS服務(wù)的配置模板?/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template#tftp服務(wù)的配置模板?/etc/cobbler/modules.conf?#Cobbler模塊配置文件cobbler數(shù)據(jù)目錄/var/lib/cobbler： /var/lib/cobbler/config/?#用于存放distros、systems、profiles等信息配置文件?/var/lib/cobbler/triggers? #用于存放用戶定義的cobbler?命令?/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/? #默認(rèn)存放kickstart文件?/var/lib/cobbler/loaders? #存放的各種引導(dǎo)程序鏡像數(shù)據(jù)目錄/var/www/cobbler： /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/? #導(dǎo)入的發(fā)行版系統(tǒng)的所有數(shù)據(jù)?/var/www/cobbler/p_w_picpaths/? #導(dǎo)入發(fā)行版的Kernel和initrd鏡像用于遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng)?/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/? #yum倉庫存儲目錄日志目錄?/var/log/cobbler/： /var/log/cobbler/install.log? #客戶端的安裝系統(tǒng)日志?/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log#cobbler日志常見問題 #多查看錯(cuò)誤日志less?/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #為cobbler-web重置用戶密碼htdigest?/etc/cobbler/users.digest?"Cobbler"?cobbler? #添加新用戶htdigest?/etc/cobbler/users.digest?"Cobbler"??usernam #DHCP多網(wǎng)卡環(huán)境可以指定網(wǎng)卡vi?/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd? #?Command?line?options?hereDHCPDARGS=eth0

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://blog.51cto.com/11886896/1870061

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