SQLAlchemy是Python編程語言下的一款ORM框架，該框架建立在數(shù)據(jù)庫API之上，使用關系對象映射進行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作，簡言之便是：將對象轉換成SQL，然后使用數(shù)據(jù)API執(zhí)行SQL并獲取執(zhí)行結果。

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pip install SQLAlchemy?

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?創(chuàng)建表

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship from sqlalchemy import create_engineengine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1", max_overflow=5)Base = declarative_base()# 創(chuàng)建單表 class Users(Base):__tablename__ = 'users'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32))extra = Column(String(16))__table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'),Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'extra'),)# 一對多 class Favor(Base):__tablename__ = 'favor'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)caption = Column(String(50), default='red', unique=True)class Person(Base):__tablename__ = 'person'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=True)favor_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("favor.nid"))# 多對多 class Group(Base):__tablename__ = 'group'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)port = Column(Integer, default=22)class Server(Base):__tablename__ = 'server'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)class ServerToGroup(Base):__tablename__ = 'servertogroup'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)server_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('server.id'))group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.id'))def init_db():Base.metadata.create_all(engine)def drop_db(): #執(zhí)行刪除表操作Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)init_db() #執(zhí)行建表操作

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操作表

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship from sqlalchemy import create_engineengine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1", max_overflow=5)Base = declarative_base()# 創(chuàng)建單表 class Users(Base):__tablename__ = 'users'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32))extra = Column(String(16))__table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'),Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'extra'),)def __repr__(self):　　# 自定義返回值return "%s-%s" %(self.id, self.name)# 一對多 class Favor(Base):__tablename__ = 'favor'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)caption = Column(String(50), default='red', unique=True)def __repr__(self):return "%s-%s" %(self.nid, self.caption)class Person(Base):__tablename__ = 'person'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=True)favor_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("favor.nid"))# 與生成表結構無關，僅用于查詢方便favor = relationship("Favor", backref='pers')# 多對多 class ServerToGroup(Base):__tablename__ = 'servertogroup'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)server_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('server.id'))group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.id'))group = relationship("Group", backref='s2g')server = relationship("Server", backref='s2g')class Group(Base):__tablename__ = 'group'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)port = Column(Integer, default=22)# group = relationship('Group',secondary=ServerToGroup,backref='host_list')class Server(Base):__tablename__ = 'server'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)def init_db():Base.metadata.create_all(engine)def drop_db():Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session()# 增 obj = Users(name="alex0", extra='sb') session.add(obj) session.add_all([Users(name="alex1", extra='sb'),Users(name="alex2", extra='sb'), ]) session.commit()# 刪 session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).delete() session.commit()# 改 session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).update({"name" : "099"}) session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).update({Users.name: Users.name + "099"}, synchronize_session=False) session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).update({"num": Users.num + 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate") #synchronize_session='evaluate'設置Users.num+1為數(shù)字相加 session.commit()# 查 ret = session.query(Users).all() ret = session.query(Users.name, Users.extra).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all() ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').first()#　條件查 ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 1, Users.name == 'eric').all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(1, 3), Users.name == 'eric').all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter_by(name='eric'))).all() from sqlalchemy import and_, or_ ret = session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric')).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2, Users.name == 'eric')).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2,and_(Users.name == 'eric', Users.id > 3),Users.extra != "")).all()# 通配符查 ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like('e%')).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like('e%')).all()# 限制查 ret = session.query(Users)[1:2]# 排序查 ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc()).all() ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()).all()# 分組查 from sqlalchemy.sql import funcret = session.query(Users).group_by(Users.extra).all() ret = session.query(func.max(Users.id),func.sum(Users.id),func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).all()ret = session.query(func.max(Users.id),func.sum(Users.id),func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).having(func.min(Users.id) >2).all()# 連表查 ret = session.query(Users, Favor).filter(Users.id == Favor.nid).all()ret = session.query(Person).join(Favor).all()ret = session.query(Person).join(Favor, isouter=True).all() #isouter=True就是left join，想要right join就換個位置。# 組合查 q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2) q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2) ret = q1.union(q2).all()　　#union默認去重q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2) q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2) ret = q1.union_all(q2).all()　　#union_all不去重

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xone/p/6274656.html

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