解析 http 请求 header 错误_详解http报文(2)-web容器是如何解析http报文的
摘要
在詳解http報文一文中,詳細介紹了http報文的文本結構。那么作為服務端,web容器是如何解析http報文的呢?本文以jetty和undertow容器為例,來解析web容器是如何處理http報文的。
在前文中我們從概覽中可以了解到,http報文其實就是一定規則的字符串,那么解析它們,就是解析字符串,看看是否滿足http協議約定的規則。
start-line: 起始行,描述請求或響應的基本信息*( header-field CRLF ): 頭CRLF[message-body]: 消息body,實際傳輸的數據jetty
以下代碼都是jetty9.4.12版本
如何解析這么長的字符串呢,jetty是通過狀態機來實現的。具體可以看下org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpParse類
public enum State{START,METHOD,,SPACE1,STATUS,URI,SPACE2,REQUEST_VERSION,REASON,PROXY,HEADER,CONTENT,EOF_CONTENT,CHUNKED_CONTENT,CHUNK_SIZE,CHUNK_PARAMS,CHUNK,TRAILER,END,CLOSE, // The associated stream/endpoint should be closedCLOSED // The associated stream/endpoint is at EOF}總共分成了21種狀態,然后進行狀態間的流轉。在parseNext方法中分別對起始行 -> header -> body content分別解析
public boolean parseNext(ByteBuffer buffer){try{// Start a request/responseif (_state==State.START){// 快速判斷if (quickStart(buffer))return true;}// Request/response line 轉換if (_state.ordinal()>= State.START.ordinal() && _state.ordinal()<State.HEADER.ordinal()){if (parseLine(buffer))return true;}// headers轉換if (_state== State.HEADER){if (parseFields(buffer))return true;}// content轉換if (_state.ordinal()>= State.CONTENT.ordinal() && _state.ordinal()<State.TRAILER.ordinal()){// Handle HEAD responseif (_responseStatus>0 && _headResponse){setState(State.END);return handleContentMessage();}else{if (parseContent(buffer))return true;}}return false;}整體流程
整體有三條路徑
起始行
start-line = request-line(請求起始行)/(響應起始行)status-line
1. 請求報文解析狀態遷移 請求行:START -> METHOD -> SPACE1 -> URI -> SPACE2 -> REQUEST_VERSION
header 頭
HEADER 的狀態只有一種了,在jetty的老版本中還區分了HEADER_IN_NAM, HEADER_VALUE, HEADER_IN_VALUE等,9.4中都去除了。為了提高匹配效率,jetty使用了Trie樹快速匹配header頭。
static{CACHE.put(new HttpField(HttpHeader.CONNECTION,HttpHeaderValue.CLOSE));CACHE.put(new HttpField(HttpHeader.CONNECTION,HttpHeaderValue.KEEP_ALIVE));// 以下省略了很多了通用header頭content
請求體:
undertow
undertow是另一種web容器,它的處理方式與jetty有什么不同呢 狀態機種類不一樣了,io.undertow.util.HttpString.ParseState
public static final int VERB = 0;public static final int PATH = 1;public static final int PATH_PARAMETERS = 2;public static final int QUERY_PARAMETERS = 3;public static final int VERSION = 4;public static final int AFTER_VERSION = 5;public static final int HEADER = 6;public static final int HEADER_VALUE = 7;public static final int PARSE_COMPLETE = 8;具體處理流程在HttpRequestParser抽象類中
public void handle(ByteBuffer buffer, final ParseState currentState, final HttpServerExchange builder) throws BadRequestException {if (currentState.state == ParseState.VERB) {//fast path, we assume that it will parse fully so we avoid all the if statements// 快速處理GETfinal int position = buffer.position();if (buffer.remaining() > 3&& buffer.get(position) == 'G'&& buffer.get(position + 1) == 'E'&& buffer.get(position + 2) == 'T'&& buffer.get(position + 3) == ' ') {buffer.position(position + 4);builder.setRequestMethod(Methods.GET);currentState.state = ParseState.PATH;} else {try {handleHttpVerb(buffer, currentState, builder);} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {throw new BadRequestException(e);}}// 處理pathhandlePath(buffer, currentState, builder);// 處理版本if (failed) {handleHttpVersion(buffer, currentState, builder);handleAfterVersion(buffer, currentState);}// 處理headerwhile (currentState.state != ParseState.PARSE_COMPLETE && buffer.hasRemaining()) {handleHeader(buffer, currentState, builder);if (currentState.state == ParseState.HEADER_VALUE) {handleHeaderValue(buffer, currentState, builder);}}return;}handleStateful(buffer, currentState, builder);}與jetty不同的是對content的處理,在header處理完以后,將數據放到io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange,然后根據類型,有不同的content讀取方式,比如處理固定長度的,FixedLengthStreamSourceConduit。
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參考
http://www.blogjava.net/DLevin/archive/2014/04/19/411673.html
https://www.ph0ly.com/2018/10/06/jetty/connection/http-parser/
https://webtide.com/http-trailers-in-jetty/
http://undertow.io/undertow-docs/undertow-docs-2.0.0/
總結
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