Mysql数据库主从及主主复制配置演示
From :?http://www.cnblogs.com/tae44/p/4682810.html
實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng):CentOS 6.6_x86_64
實(shí)驗(yàn)前提:提前準(zhǔn)備好編譯環(huán)境,防火墻和selinux都關(guān)閉
實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明:本實(shí)驗(yàn)共有2臺(tái)主機(jī),IP分配如拓?fù)?/p>
實(shí)驗(yàn)軟件:mariadb-10.0.20
實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)?#xff1a;
一、安裝mysql
1.編譯安裝mariadb:
tar xf mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local/ ln -sv mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64 mysql mkdir -pv /mydata/data useradd -r mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/ cd mysql/ chown -R root.mysql . scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/ cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on2.編輯配置文件:
vim /etc/my.cnf -------------------------------- datadir = /mydata/data //增加此行 -------------------------------- service mysqld start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql //連接測(cè)試
二、主從復(fù)制
實(shí)驗(yàn)中我先讓19.43當(dāng)主服務(wù)器,19.48為從服務(wù)器。
1.主服務(wù)器操作:
(1)編輯my.cnf,啟用二進(jìn)制日志(如果定義到其他路徑,請(qǐng)給予其mysql權(quán)限):
log-bin=/mydata/data/mysql-bin(2)定義server-id:
server-id = 1(3)創(chuàng)建有復(fù)制權(quán)限的賬號(hào):
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ----------------------------------------- GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO slave@192.168.19.48 IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; //遵循最小權(quán)限原則 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;(4)記錄最后的二進(jìn)制日志信息,CHANGE MASTER時(shí)會(huì)用到:
SHOW MASTER LOGS;
2.從服務(wù)器操作:
(1)啟動(dòng)中繼日志(如果定義到其他路徑,請(qǐng)給予其mysql權(quán)限):
relay_log=/mydata/data/relay-log(2)從服務(wù)器用中繼日志就足夠了,關(guān)閉二進(jìn)制日志,減少磁盤IO:
#log-bin=mysql-bin //將其注釋 #binlog_format=mixed(3)定義server-id:
server-id = 2 //不能與主服務(wù)器相同(4)配置CHANGE MASTER:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ----------------------------------------- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.43',MASTER_USER='slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=326;SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G //查看狀態(tài) *************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.168.19.43Master_User: slaveMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002Read_Master_Log_Pos: 326Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000001Relay_Log_Pos: 4Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002Slave_IO_Running: NoSlave_SQL_Running: NoReplicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 326Relay_Log_Space: 248Until_Condition: NoneUntil_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0Master_SSL_Allowed: NoMaster_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 0Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Using_Gtid: NoGtid_IO_Pos: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(5)啟動(dòng)io thread以及sql thread:
START SLAVE;
3.在主服務(wù)器創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),從服務(wù)器查看:
CREATE DATABASE jason; //主服務(wù)器創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)SHOW DATABASES; //從服務(wù)器查看
4.如果主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不是新建立的,而是使用過(guò)一段時(shí)間,且里面已經(jīng)有不少數(shù)據(jù)的情況下,需要先把主服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出,再導(dǎo)入到從服務(wù)器,然后根據(jù)上面的步驟進(jìn)行主從復(fù)制,這里將不再演示。
導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)命令參考:mysqldump --all-databases --lock-all-tables --master-data=2 >?name.sql
三、半同步復(fù)制
1.什么是半同步復(fù)制?
因?yàn)殚_(kāi)啟這個(gè)功能之后,主服務(wù)器只等待多個(gè)從服務(wù)器中的指定的一臺(tái)從服務(wù)器復(fù)制成功,然后才進(jìn)行其他寫操作,使這個(gè)從服務(wù)器和主服務(wù)器上的數(shù)據(jù)完全同步,而并不管其他的從服務(wù)器。這在一定程度上就保證了我們數(shù)據(jù)的安全性。這個(gè)功能需要打由google貢獻(xiàn)的補(bǔ)丁,它是以插件的形式存在的。補(bǔ)丁存放的位置在:/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/
2.主服務(wù)器打補(bǔ)丁:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --------------------------------------------- INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so'; SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%'; //查看狀態(tài)
3.主服務(wù)器修改配置:
SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1; SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000;4.從服務(wù)器打補(bǔ)丁:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --------------------------------------------- INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so'; SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
5.從服務(wù)器修改配置:
SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;STOP SLAVE;
START SLAVE;
6.主服務(wù)器查看狀態(tài):
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%semi%';
四、主主復(fù)制
1.由于剛才做了許多操作,為了不影響之后的實(shí)驗(yàn),我們先將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行重置:
service mysqld stop rm -rf /mydata/data/* //刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件 /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mydata/data/ //初始化mysql2.修改my.cnf:
19.43上:
vim /etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------- [mysqld] server-id=1 log-bin=/mydata/data/mysql1-bin //開(kāi)啟二進(jìn)制日志 relay_log=/mydata/data/relay-log //開(kāi)始中繼日志 auto-increment-increment = 2 //每次增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)值 auto-increment-offset = 1 //開(kāi)始的數(shù)值19.48上:
vim /etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------- [mysqld] server-id=2 log-bin=/mydata/data/mysql2-bin relay_log=/mydata/data/relay-log auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 23.創(chuàng)建具有復(fù)制權(quán)限的用戶:
19.43上:
service mysqld start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ------------------------------------------ GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO mmm@192.168.19.48 IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;19.48上:
service mysqld start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ------------------------------------------ GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO mmm@192.168.19.43 IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;4.查看二進(jìn)制位置:
19.43上:
SHOW MASTER LOGS;
19.48上使用同樣的命令:
5.配置CHANGE MASTER:
19.43上:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.48',MASTER_USER='mmm',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql2-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=642; START SLAVE;19.48上:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.43',MASTER_USER='mmm',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql1-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=642; START SLAVE;6.查看狀態(tài):
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G?
之后的復(fù)制演示這里不再演示,請(qǐng)大家自行嘗試。至此,所有試驗(yàn)演示完畢,謝謝!
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Athrun/p/4691352.html
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