Linux磁盘管理----分区格式化挂载fdisk、mkfs、mount
1,磁盤分區命令fdisk
[root@localhost ~]#?fdisk -l?#查看磁盤分區情況
Disk /dev/sda: 10.8 GB, 10837518250 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
(這個硬盤的大小是10.8GB,有255個磁面,63個扇區,1305磁柱(cylinders)
每個cylinder(磁柱)的容量是8225280 bytes=8225.280K(約為)=8.225280M(約))
Device Boot????? Start ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? ?Id? System
/dev/sda1??* ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? 13 ? ? ?104391 ? ?83? Linux
/dev/sda2 ? ? ? ? ?14 ? ? ? ?1305 ? ? 10377990 ? 8e? Linux LVM
(ID和System表示的是分區類型,id看起來不太直觀,我們要在fdisk創建一個分區時,可以指定id來確認分區類型;比如7表示的就NTFS分區;這個在fdisk中要通過參數“t”來指定。)
硬盤分區的表示:在Linux是通過hd*x或sd*x表示的:
其中*表示的是a、b、c ... ...
另外x表示的數字1、2、3 ... ...
hd大多是IDE硬盤;sd大多是SCSI或移動存儲;引導(Boot):表示引導分區,在上面的例子中sda1是引導分區;
Start(開始):表示的一個分區從Xcylinder(磁柱)開始;
End(結束):表示一個分區到?Ycylinder(磁柱)結束;
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB,21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a validpartition table
[root@localhost ~]#?fdisk /dev/sda??#對磁盤sda進行分區
Thenumber of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There isnothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and couldin certain setups cause problems with:
1) softwarethat runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs
?? (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
(輸入m可以得到幫助信息)
Command(m for help):?m????? ?????????????---輸出幫助信息
Commandaction
?? a??toggle a bootable flag? ???????????? ---設置啟動分區
?? b??edit bsd disklabel????? ????????? ?---編輯分區標簽
?? c??toggle the dos compatibility flag???????? ---切換dos兼容模式
?? d??delete a partition????????????????--刪除一個分區
?? l??list known partition types????????????--列出分區類型
?? m??print this menu????????????????? --幫助
?? n??add a new partition?????????????? ?--建立一個新的分區
?? o??create a new empty DOS partition table??????--創建一個新的空白DOS分區表
?? p??print the partition table ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---打印分區表
?? q??quit without saving changes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---退出不保存設置
?? s ? createa new empty Sun disklabel ? ? ? ? ? ? ---創建新的sun磁盤標簽
?? t ? changea partition's system id ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---改變分區的ID
?? u ? changedisplay/entry units ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---改變顯示的單位
?? v ? verifythe partition table ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---檢查驗證分區表
?? w??write table to disk and exit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---保存分區表
?? x??extra functionality (experts only)????????---擴展功能
Command (m for help):?n?(創建一個新分區)?? ? ? ??
Command action
??e?? extended
??p?? primary partition (1-4)????? ---指定分區類型? e為擴展分區 ?p為主分區
p (輸入p選擇創建主分區)
Partition number (1-4):?1 (創建第一個主分區,也即是后來的sda1)?---主分區最多只能有四個
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):?1?? ---設定起始分區的位置
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):2610
Using default value 2610 ? ? ? ? ? ?---設定結束分區的位置
Command (m for help):?w?? ? ? ? ? ??---保存剛才的配置信息。
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
刪除分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb???
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
??(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help):?d ? ?(---d 是代表刪除,并且會列出當前磁盤的分區數)
Selected partition?1???? (1 是要刪除的分區編號)
Command (m for help):?p ? ?(---p 是代表刪除后,顯示磁盤還有幾個剩余的分區)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Device Boot ? ? Start ? ? End ? ?Blocks??Id? System ? 已經沒有分區了
Command (m for help):?w ? ?(---w 保存剛才的操作并且生效)
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
通過fdisk?命令來創建一指定大小的分區并增加一個分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
??(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help):?n??????????? ---創建分區
Command action
??e?? extended
??p?? primary partition (1-4) ? ? ? ?
p????????????????輸入p --指定分區類型為主分區
Partition number (1-4):?1?????????? --指定其實分區號
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):?1 ? ? ?--指定起始柱面號
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):?1024 ---指定終止柱面號
Command (m for help):?w??????????? ---保存分區配置信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the nextreboot.
Syncing disks.
增加分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb????? -----增加分區
?
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
??(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
?
Command (m for help): n?????? ---分區類型
Command action
??e?? extended
??p?? primary partition (1-4)??? ---還是指定主分區
p
Partition number (1-4): 1??????????---分區號,我指定1。
Partition 1is already defined.??Delete it beforere-adding it.?
–提示分區號1已經存在,刪除后操作
Command (m for help): n????????? --我們重新創建分區
Command action
??e?? extended
??p?? primary partition (1-4)???? --指定分區類型
p
Partition number (1-4): 2 ? ? ? ? ---因為分區1已經存在,所以我們指定分區2,可通過。
First cylinder (1025-2610, default 1025): ? ?---指定起始礠柱號,默認是上一分區后一號。
Using default value 1025
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1025-2610, default 2610): 2000 指定終止柱號。
Command (m for help): w?????????????????? ---保存分區配置
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the nextreboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
通過fdisk命令來修改現有分區類型
fdisk?通過t參數來指定
查看分區類型
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb???查看分區信息,類型是Linux,id是83
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Device Boot????? Start ? ? ? ?End????? Blocks??Id??System
/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ?1??????? 1024????8225248+??83??Linux
/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? 1025 ? ? ? ? 2000 ? ? ? 7839720 ? 83??Linux
修改分區類型
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
??(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help):?t ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---進入修改分區類型
Partition number (1-4):?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---指定需要修改的分區號
Hex code (type L tolist codes):?6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---指定分區號為6,也就是FAT16
注意:查看分區類型的代碼,在這里可以輸入L查看就可以了
Changed system type of partition 1 to 6(FAT16)
Command (m for help): w ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the nextreboot.
WARNING: If you have created or modifiedany DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manualpage for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb??????? ---我們看到已經FAT16,并且ID也改成6了。
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
?
Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks??Id? System
/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? 1024????8225248+???6? FAT16
/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? 1025 ? ? ? ? ? ? 2000????7839720?? 83? Linux
[root@localhost ~]#
?
mkfs對分區進行格式化:
對分區進行格式化的命令如下,mkfs后面所接的代表的是將要格式化成的文件系統類型:
mkfs.bfs
mkfs.ext3
mkfs.ext4
mkfs.jfs
mkfs.msdos
mkfs.vfat
mkfs.cramfs
mkfs.minix
mkfs.reiserfs
mkfs.xfs
?
格式化分區:
[root@localhost ~]#?mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1????????? ---格式化分區類型為ext4
mke4fs 1.41.5(23-Apr-2009)
Filesystem label= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---我們沒有指定卷標,就沒有
OS type: Linux ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---操作系統類型
Block size=4096 (log=2) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?--單個塊的大小
Fragment size=4096 (log=2) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?--片大小
1310720 inodes, 5241198blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user
First data block=0?????
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
??????? 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912,819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
??????? 4096000
Writing inode tables:done ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
Creating journal (32768blocks): done
Writing superblocks andfilesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will beautomatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comesfirst.? Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.
?
mount掛載磁盤:(臨時掛載)
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/data???????????? --創建掛載目錄點
[root@localhost ~]#?mount? /dev/sdb1 /data? --將/dev/sdb1掛載到/data
驗證是否成功掛載
[root@localhost ~]#?df -h
Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
????????????????????? 7.7G? 3.1G?4.2G? 43% /
/dev/sda1 ? ? ? ?99M?? 12M??82M ? ?13% ?/boot
tmpfs ? ? ? ? ? 506M ? 0 ? ?506M?? 0% ?dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? 20G?? 16K??20G?? 1% ?/data???? --已經成功掛載了。
[root@localhost ~]#
?
修改fstab表掛載磁盤(永久掛載)
通過vim編輯器編輯/etc/fstab文件,內容如下,(紅色部分是剛添加上去的):
掛載路徑 ? ?掛載的分區 ? ?文件系統??掛載參數 ? ?是否要備份???自檢順序
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00/ ? ? ? ?ext3??? defaults??????? 1 1
LABEL=/boot ? ? /boo ? ? ? ? ?ext3??? defaults??????? 1 2
tmpfs ? ? ? ? /dev/shm ? ? ? tmpfs ? ?defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0
devpts ? ? ? ?/dev/pts ? ? ? devpts? gid=5,mode=620 ? ? ? ?0 0
sysfs ? ? ? ? /sys ? ? ? ? ?sysfs?? defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0
proc ? ? ? ? /proc ? ? ? ? ?proc??? defaults??????? 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01swap ? ? ?swap??? defaults??????? 0 0
/data ? ? ? ?/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ext4 ? ? defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0
保存后執行命令 mount -a 加載最新配置
第四列掛載參數:通過mount來查看
第五列是否要備份:(0為不備份,1為要備份,一般情況下不用做備份)
第六列自檢程序??(0為不自檢,1或2為要自檢,如果是根分區要設置1,其它分區只能是2)
?
本文轉自super李導51CTO博客,原文鏈接:?http://blog.51cto.com/superleedo/1886547,如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
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