Linux学习笔记 Day 4~5
今天繼續(xù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置的內(nèi)容。
vim /etc/modprobe.conf:開機自動加載網(wǎng)卡驅(qū)動
lsmod | grep 8139:查看網(wǎng)卡
mii-tool:看網(wǎng)卡工作是否正常 (100baseTx-FD, 全雙工,同時接收及發(fā)送)
ifconfig eth0:查IP等信息
ifconfig eth0 10.0.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0:設(shè)置IP地址
service network restart:重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)
route:查看路由表,route -n (加default改為0.0.0.0,會快點)
netstat -r:查網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài), netstat -i -e, netstat -u, netstat -a
netstat -tl:查看基于TCP的所有處于監(jiān)聽模式下的服務(wù)的進程,-ul:基于udp -anp:顯示pid
route add default gw 10.0.0.1:加網(wǎng)關(guān)
route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0:加路由
tcpdump
tcpdump:截取數(shù)據(jù)包,tcpdump udp
tcpdump tcp /tcp port 22 / udp / icmp / arp /rarp
域名解析
nameserver 10.0.1.2
ip name list:查路由表
?
?
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
?? Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
/dev/sda1?? *?????????? 1????????? 13????? 104391?? 83? Linux
/dev/sda2????????????? 14??????? 2610??? 20860402+? 8e? Linux LVM
?
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
??? 磁頭??????? 扇區(qū)?? 磁道???????? 柱面
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
??????????? 柱面扇區(qū)數(shù)???????????? 一個柱面大小
設(shè)備??? 啟動分區(qū)?? 起始柱面??? 結(jié)束柱面? 數(shù)據(jù)塊? 系統(tǒng)ID? 系統(tǒng)類型名???????
Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System
/dev/sda1?? *?????????? 1????????? 13????? 104391?? 83? Linux?? --ext3 (W95 FA //fat32?? Extend? //擴展分區(qū)? Linux Swap? //交換分區(qū)
/dev/sda2????????????? 14??????? 2610??? 20860402+? 8e? Linux LVM? --邏輯卷管理
?
fdisk /dev/sda:磁盤管理命令, (m:幫助)? --set nopaste:粘貼模式
一個硬盤最多分4個主分區(qū),15個分區(qū)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
?? a?? toggle a bootable flag
?? b?? edit bsd disklabel
?? c?? toggle the dos compatibility flag
?? d?? delete a partition
?? l?? list known partition types
?? m?? print this menu
?? n?? add a new partition
?? o?? create a new empty DOS partition table
?? p?? print the partition table
?? q?? quit without saving changes
?? s?? create a new empty Sun disklabel
?? t?? change a partition's system id
?? u?? change display/entry units
?? v?? verify the partition table
?? w?? write table to disk and exit
?? x?? extra functionality (experts only)
w保存后,需要
#partprobe:重新產(chǎn)生設(shè)備,/dev/sda....才算分好區(qū)
然后格式化
#mkfs.
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda6? (這個過程會產(chǎn)生inode表,位圖等)
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda6
mkfs.vfat==mkfs -t vfat
訪問磁盤:
mount
1. 普通文件
mount -t ext3 /dev/sda7 /media/, umount /media 或 /dev/sda7 ,兩個均可
可重復(fù)掛載同一目錄,但是訪問到的是最后一次掛載的資源
正在被訪問的,不能被卸載,之前掛載幾個,同樣卸載幾個,且只能按順序卸載。交換分區(qū),擴展分區(qū)不允許掛載
[root@localhost ~]# mount
設(shè)備名??????? 掛載目錄?????????????? 文件類型(數(shù)據(jù)存儲格式)?? 掛載的權(quán)限
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on / type ext3??????????????????? (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
proc及sysfs都是內(nèi)存,ls /proc/可查看
devpts終端,用tty查看
2. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)掛載:
showmount -e 2.2.2.192
mount -t nfs 2.2.2.192:/share2 /mnt --掛載為目錄名mnt,t指定文件系統(tǒng)類型為nfs(網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng)),mount -t ext3/vfat/ext2/cifs/ntfs(系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)不支持,需要裝第三方軟件ntfs-3g來實現(xiàn)),2.2.2.192:/share2為源設(shè)備,/mnt目標(biāo)掛載路徑
cd /mnt/? --進入mnt
ls
3. 掛載ISO文件
mount -o loop -t iso9660 rhel5.5.iso /mnt (ls /dev/loop) (file rhel5.5.iso:查ISO格式 9660),默認(rèn)從loop0開始
4. 掛載光驅(qū)的光盤 /dev/cdrom
mount -o ro /dev/cdrom /mnt
5. mount目錄
mount --bing /root /media:訪問media等同于訪問root
?
?
注意:
1. 本機的其他系統(tǒng)都可以通過mount掛載資源
mount -t ntfs.3g /mnt
2. 遠(yuǎn)程window系統(tǒng)的共享目錄;(samba)
mount -t cifs -o username=(windows用戶) //10.0.1.2/test /mnt
passed:windows 用戶密碼
3. mount 不上時,防火墻關(guān)閉或其他保護;目錄是否已共享(ro,rw)
4. mount了幾次就要卸載幾次
5. mount一般掛載/mnt /media /misc,不要掛在/bin /etc /dev...這些系統(tǒng)目錄
-------------------------------------以上都是臨時掛載,重啟之后消失
永久性掛載:
1. 寫到系統(tǒng)文件,vim /etc/rc.local
2. 修改配置文件,vim /etc/fstab
設(shè)備名(路徑/標(biāo)符)????? 掛載點??????????????? 系統(tǒng)格式?? 掛載方式?? 1:dump復(fù)制-->kdump(系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)用) 2:磁盤檢測和級別,/級別一定是1???
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /????????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 1
LABEL=/boot???????????? /boot?????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 2
tmpfs?????????????????? /dev/shm??????????????? tmpfs?? defaults??????? 0 0
devpts????????????????? /dev/pts??????????????? devpts? gid=5,mode=620? 0 0
sysfs?????????????????? /sys??????????????????? sysfs?? defaults??????? 0 0
proc??????????????????? /proc?????????????????? proc??? defaults??????? 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap?????????????????? swap??? defaults??????? 0 0
查看磁盤標(biāo)簽
e2label /dev/sda1 /boot
給磁盤設(shè)標(biāo)簽
e2label /dev/sda6 /2
fstab糾錯:
LABEL=/123? /?? ext3?? default 00
//找不到LABEL=/123, kernel panic;
提示要求ctrl+d繼續(xù),輸入root密碼,進入修復(fù)模式;
vim /etc/fstab //無法修改,當(dāng)前根沒有掛載成功;
重新掛載 mount -o remount dev/sda2?
再vim /etc/fstab
拯救模式
?
?
df -h:已掛在文件系統(tǒng)使用情況,h人性化界面顯示
?
swap 分區(qū)沒有掛載點:
/dev/sda6???? swap??? swap??? default 00
創(chuàng)建交換分區(qū):
1. 分區(qū) fdisk /dev/sad
2. partprobe:創(chuàng)建分區(qū)的文件
3. mkswap? /dev/sda6:分區(qū)格式化
?
swapon/off, swapon /dev/sda6:啟動關(guān)閉交換分區(qū)
?
軟件包管理
1. rpm: redhat package management,RH的軟件包管理
軟件名-版本號??? 支持的平臺 后綴
bind-9.3.4-10.p1.el5.i386.rpm
i386-->i486-->i686,i686不支持i386平臺執(zhí)行
yum-3.2.19-18.el5.noarch.rpm
noarch:所有平臺上可運行
chmlib-0.40-1.el5.src.rpm
src:源碼包
arp-scan-1.6.tar.gz
源代碼包
安裝(i安裝,v顯示安裝過程,h做hash檢查),
rpm -ivh bind-9.3.4-10.p1.el5.i386.rpm
//會查找依賴關(guān)系
//已安裝過的會提示是否重安裝
//
?
rpm -qf /lib/libc.so.6:已知命令或可執(zhí)行文件,反向查搜索是經(jīng)哪個包裝的的結(jié)果
which yum:得出路徑?
rpm -qf /usr/bin/yum:查找安裝
rpm -qa | grep "bind":查找bind相關(guān)的安裝
rpm -qpl yum-3.2.19-18.el5.noarch.rpm:查看未安裝包的內(nèi)容及安裝后會被安裝到哪些路徑
rpm -ql yum.noarch:查看已裝的包的安裝路徑
rpm -qd yum.noarch:查看包的幫助文檔
rpm -qc yum:查看包配置信息
rpm -qi yum:查看命令詳細(xì)信息
rpm -qpi yum-3.2.19-18.el5.noarch.rpm:詳細(xì)信息
?
yum install bind
yum lits "yum"
?
yum list,查沒裝的包,有install表示已裝
xorg-x11-drv-vmware.i386????????????????????????????????????????? 10.13.0-2.1?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-drv-void.i386??????????????????????????????????????????? 1.1.0-3.1???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-drv-voodoo.i386????????????????????????????????????????? 1.1.0-3.1???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-filesystem.noarch??????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.fc6???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-font-utils.i386????????????????????????????????????????? 1:7.1-2?????????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi.noarch????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-75dpi.noarch?????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-100dpi.noarch??????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-75dpi.noarch???????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch?????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-base.noarch??????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-misc.noarch??????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-fonts-truetype.noarch??????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.1.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-server-Xnest.i386??????????????????????????????????????? 1.1.1-48.76.el5?????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-server-Xorg.i386???????????????????????????????????????? 1.1.1-48.76.el5?????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-server-utils.i386??????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-4.fc6???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-twm.i386???????????????????????????????????????????????? 1:1.0.1-3.1?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-utils.i386?????????????????????????????????????????????? 7.1-2.fc6???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-xauth.i386?????????????????????????????????????????????? 1:1.0.1-2.1?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-xfs.i386???????????????????????????????????????????????? 1:1.0.2-4???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-xinit.i386?????????????????????????????????????????????? 1.0.2-15.el5????????????????????????????????????? installed
xorg-x11-xkb-utils.i386?????????????????????????????????????????? 1.0.2-2.1???????????????????????????????????????? installed
xsane.i386??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0.991-5.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xsane-gimp.i386?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0.991-5.el5?????????????????????????????????????? installed
xsri.i386???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1:2.1.0-10.fc6??????????????????????????????????? installed
xterm.i386??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 215-8.el5_4.1???????????????????????????????????? installed
xulrunner.i386??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1.9.0.18-1.el5_4????????????????????????????????? installed
yun list "rhc*"
匹配查找某包是否安裝
yum install gcc
?
2. 安裝源碼包
rpmbuild --rebuild chmlib-0.40-1.el5.src.rpm:之后會提示rpm后放在哪個位置,再進去安裝
卸載rpm包:若rpm包提示已安裝舊版本,跟新版有沖突:
1. 升級,
rpm -U chmlib-0.39-1.el5.src.rpm:大u,不過升級過程易出問題,因為依賴關(guān)系
強制安裝
rpm -F chmlib-0.39-1.el5.src.rpm? (-F= -replace)
2. 刪掉舊版,查找依賴?????,逐個卸載
通過rpm?
rpm-e chmlib-0.39-1.el5.src.rpm
?
?
3. 安裝源代碼包
tar -xvf arp-scan-1.6.tar.gz
安裝過程,根據(jù)上面的包類型操作后,
1. vim README, 按照里面的介紹安裝
2. ./configure ,如果提示:configure:error:no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH,表示gcc沒有安裝,用yum install gcc安裝
3. make:生成Makefile,make all或輸make,自動查找all規(guī)則(先找小寫的makefile再找大寫),生成可執(zhí)行文件
4. make install:自動將文件copy到指定目錄
安裝好后,可通過which+命令? 查找包安裝位置,或locate+命令
ll mplayer -h:查看安裝后信息
?
清除包
make clean: 清除生成的可執(zhí)行文件
make distclean:清除./configure 生成的文件
day5
解決依賴的工具
yum:管理rpm軟件包
rpm -qf /usr/bin/yum
[root@localhost ~]# which yum:查安裝目錄
/usr/bin/yum
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/yum:安裝包
yum-3.2.22-26.el5
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc yum:在哪里
/etc/logrotate.d/yum
/etc/yum.conf
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo 給yum工具用的倉庫信息(.d或.repo為倉庫文件),修改這個文件
?
?yum 在裝什么的情況下用
1. 首先創(chuàng)建一個軟件倉庫
mount -o loop iso/rhel-5.5.iso soft/
?
2. 配置倉庫文件
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vim rhel-debuginfo.repo
soft.Server
file///? file本地源,// /(根)
enable=1
?
3. 使用
yum clean all:將原數(shù)據(jù)清空
yum list:第一次運行讀取倉庫信息
installed:已裝
rhel-Server:未裝會顯示倉庫名
yum list bind:查找單個沒有裝的軟件
yum install bind:安裝
yum install wireshark -y:自動處理依賴關(guān)系,并根據(jù)依賴關(guān)系來安裝, -y跳過自動確認(rèn)
yum remove bind:卸載
yum erase bind -y:卸載
?
system-config-package:調(diào)出圖形安裝界面
搭建一個遠(yuǎn)程源
[rhel-VT]
name=Red Hat Enterprise VT
baseurl=ftp://2.2.2.1/share/rhel/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
?
yum groupinstall "name" (名字中間有空格)
yum grouperase "asad sd s":卸載 (不支持remove)
yum grouplist
LANG=en/ zh_CN.UTF-8: 讓包顯示中文還是英文
?
創(chuàng)建自己的軟件源(rpm)軟件倉庫
1. mkdir soft
2. cp *.rpm /soft
3. 改配置文件
[rhel-MYSOFTWARE]
name=Red Hat Enterprise MYSOFTWARE
baseurl=file:///soft
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
5. 先到soft目錄
createrepo .:創(chuàng)建目錄,產(chǎn)生/soft/repodata/repomd.xml,.表當(dāng)前目錄
(如果沒有createrepo命令,查找:which createrepo,-->/usr/bin/createrepo
rpm -qf /usr/bin/createrepo
createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5
yum list createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5
查到: createrepo.noarch
然后安裝:yum install createrepo)
bv
yum list qq: 查詢qq
?
進程管理:
程序是存在磁盤中,磁盤中2進制文件cp到內(nèi)存,
stdin < cmd -->shell -->fork(創(chuàng)建一個新的進程)-->執(zhí)行cmd-->api--kernel-->控制硬件
#pstree
kernel-->swapen (調(diào)度)
所有進程的祖先進程,init; 1號進程
PPID父進程,PID由PPID產(chǎn)生,0表示內(nèi)核產(chǎn)生
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef (?表示后臺運行,e查看所有進程)
UID??????? PID? PPID? C STIME TTY????????? TIME CMD
root???????? 1???? 0? 0 13:17 ???????? 00:00:02 init [5]???????????????????????
root???????? 2???? 1? 0 13:17 ???????? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root???????? 3???? 1? 0 13:17 ???????? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
?
[root@localhost ~]# ps u (-u,只顯示有終端的進程)
USER?????? PID %CPU %MEM??? VSZ?? RSS TTY????? STAT START?? TIME COMMAND
root????? 4075? 0.0? 0.0?? 1664?? 424 tty1???? Ss+? 13:19?? 0:00 /sbin/mingetty
root????? 4076? 0.0? 0.0?? 1664?? 428 tty2???? Ss+? 13:19?? 0:00 /sbin/mingetty
root????? 4077? 0.0? 0.0?? 1664?? 428 tty3???? Ss+? 13:19?? 0
[root@localhost ~]# ps -a? (有終端且當(dāng)前正在運行的進程)
? PID TTY????????? TIME CMD
?7593 pts/1??? 00:00:00 ps
?
[root@localhost ~]# ps -x? (同-e,多了個狀態(tài))
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.7/FAQ
? PID TTY????? STAT?? TIME COMMAND
??? 1 ???????? Ss???? 0:02 init [5]????????????????????????????????????????????
??? 2 ???????? S<???? 0:00 [migration/0]
??? 3 ???????? SN???? 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
??? 4 ???????? S<???? 0:00 [watchdog/0]
??? 5 ???????? S<???? 0:00 [events/0]
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux??? (vsz:虛擬內(nèi)存使用情況,swap,RSS:物理內(nèi)存使用情況ddr,STAT:狀態(tài),man ps查其多種狀態(tài))
USER?????? PID %CPU %MEM??? VSZ?? RSS TTY????? STAT START?? TIME COMMAND
root???????? 1? 0.0? 0.0?? 2072?? 632 ???????? Ss?? 13:17?? 0:02 init [5]??????
root???????? 2? 0.0? 0.0????? 0???? 0 ???????? S<?? 13:17?? 0:00 [migration/0]
root???????? 3? 0.0? 0.0????? 0???? 0 ???????? SN?? 13:17?? 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root???????? 4? 0.0? 0.0????? 0???? 0 ???????? S<?? 13:17?? 0:00 [watchdog/0]
root???????? 5? 0.0? 0.0????? 0???? 0 ???????? S<?? 13:17?? 0:00 [events/0]
root???????? 6? 0.0? 0.0????? 0???? 0 ???????? S<?? 13:17?? 0:00 [khelper]
?
[root@localhost ~]# top? 實時查看狀態(tài)
top - 15:34:07 up? 2:16,? 2 users,? load average: 0.10, 0.07, 0.01?
???????????????? (CPU負(fù)載,普遍大于5時,說明過載) 1s?? 5s??? 15s
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Tasks: 116 total,?? 1 running, 114 sleeping,?? 0 stopped,?? 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 11.3%us,? 5.7%sy,? 0.0%ni, 81.3%id,? 0.8%wa,? 0.6%hi,? 0.3%si,? 0.0%st
(CPU使用率,用戶使用 系統(tǒng)?? 提升級別? 空閑?????? )
Mem:??? 904036k total,?? 496052k used,?? 407984k free,??? 31716k buffers (CPU和內(nèi)存之間的緩存)
Swap:? 2097144k total,??????? 0k used,? 2097144k free,?? 351524k cached?? (內(nèi)存和swap之間 )
? PID USER????? PR? NI? VIRT? RES? SHR S %CPU %MEM??? TIME+? COMMAND????????????
?4180 root????? 15?? 0 36576? 11m 5696 S 10.0? 1.3?? 0:54.48 Xorg???????????????
?4479 root????? 15?? 0 63396? 13m 9396 S? 6.4? 1.6?? 0:09.09 gnome-terminal?????
?8173 root????? 18?? 0? 2324 1028? 804 R? 0.6? 0.1?? 0:00.06 top????????????????
??? 1 root????? 15?? 0? 2072? 632? 544 S? 0.0? 0.1?? 0:02.80 init???????????????
??? 2 root????? RT? -5???? 0??? 0??? 0 S? 0.0? 0.0?? 0:00.00 migration/0????????
??? 3 root????? 34? 19???? 0??? 0??? 0 S? 0.0? 0.0?? 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0????????
??? 4 root????? RT? -5???? 0??? 0??? 0 S? 0.0? 0.0?? 0:00.00 watchdog/0????
shift+<>:上下翻頁
shift+m:按c內(nèi)存使用情況排序
shift+p:按cpu使用情況排序
h:幫助
q:退出
Kill -9 11808:殺死一個進程
1) SIGHUP:掛起??????
2) SIGINT:ctrl+c,中斷???????
3) SIGQUIT:ctrl+\,退出
6) SIGABRT:異常退出,aboart()
9) SIGKILL:殺死一個進程
10) SIGUSR1:用戶自定義信號1
12) SIGUSR2:用戶自定義信號2
13) SIGPIPE:當(dāng)讀端關(guān)閉時發(fā)出信號
14) SIGALRM:鬧鐘信號
15) SIGTERM:正常退出信號
17) SIGCHLD:子進程退出信號
19) SIGSTOP:暫停
18) SIGCONT:繼續(xù)
[root@localhost ~]# kill -l
?1) SIGHUP?????? 2) SIGINT?????? 3) SIGQUIT????? 4) SIGILL
?5) SIGTRAP????? 6) SIGABRT????? 7) SIGBUS?????? 8) SIGFPE
?9) SIGKILL???? 10) SIGUSR1???? 11) SIGSEGV???? 12) SIGUSR2
13) SIGPIPE???? 14) SIGALRM???? 15) SIGTERM???? 16) SIGSTKFLT
17) SIGCHLD???? 18) SIGCONT???? 19) SIGSTOP???? 20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN???? 22) SIGTTOU???? 23) SIGURG????? 24) SIGXCPU
25) SIGXFSZ???? 26) SIGVTALRM?? 27) SIGPROF???? 28) SIGWINCH
?
stardict &
ps aux | grep stardict
kill -1 11808 或?
kill -STOP 11808/kill -CONT 11808
jobs:查看進程狀態(tài)
SIGTERM:如果一個進程正在不可中斷睡眠,不能立即殺死,等待結(jié)束,才正常退出
SIGKILL:立即kill掉
fdisk -l
df -h
cat /proc/cpuinfo
uptime
top -b -n 2 > temp, 導(dǎo)出兩秒數(shù)據(jù)到temp
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
free:查內(nèi)存使用情況
[root@localhost ~]# free
???????????? total?????? used?????? free???? shared??? buffers???? cached
Mem:??????? 904036???? 497284???? 406752????????? 0????? 32636???? 351524
-/+ buffers/cache:???? 113124???? 790912
Swap:????? 2097144????????? 0??? 2097144
shared:共享內(nèi)存,不同的進程之間共用
buffer:不同的設(shè)備之間對數(shù)據(jù)的處理和傳輸速度不同,不同運行級別的程序之間的數(shù)據(jù)交互
cached:cpu和內(nèi)存之間的緩存
-/+ buffers/cache:實際使用情況
used=497284-32636(buffers)-351524(cached)=113124(used:-/+ buffers/cache)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
uname -r/ -a
cat /etc/issue?
本文轉(zhuǎn)simmy51CTO博客,原文鏈接:http://blog.51cto.com/helpdesk/524854,如需轉(zhuǎn)載請自行聯(lián)系原作者
《新程序員》:云原生和全面數(shù)字化實踐50位技術(shù)專家共同創(chuàng)作,文字、視頻、音頻交互閱讀總結(jié)
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的Linux学习笔记 Day 4~5的全部內(nèi)容,希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。
- 上一篇: 局域网电脑间互相访问的问题?
- 下一篇: FreeNAS安装与应用—安装篇