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MySQL性能调优读写分离

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NSD DBA2 DAY02

案例1：MySQL性能優化

案例2：實現MySQL讀寫分離

1 案例1：MySQL性能優化

1.1 問題

練習相關優化選項
啟用慢查詢日志
查看各種系統變量、狀態變量

1.2 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：mysql性能優化

1）查看服務運行時的參數配置

mysql> show variables\G;

......

*************************** 171. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_log_file_size

Value: 50331648

*************************** 172. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_log_files_in_group

Value: 2

*************************** 173. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_log_group_home_dir

Value: ./

*************************** 174. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_log_write_ahead_size

Value: 8192

*************************** 175. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_lru_scan_depth

Value: 1024

*************************** 176. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct

Value: 75.000000

*************************** 177. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm

Value: 0.000000

*************************** 178. row ***************************

Variable_name: innodb_max_purge_lag

Value: 0

......

mysql> show variables like "%innodb%";

+------------------------------------------+------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+------------------------------------------+------------------------+

| ignore_builtin_innodb | OFF |

| innodb_adaptive_flushing | ON |

| innodb_adaptive_flushing_lwm | 10 |

| innodb_adaptive_hash_index | ON |

| innodb_adaptive_hash_index_parts | 8 |

| innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay | 150000 |

......

| innodb_undo_log_truncate | OFF |

| innodb_undo_logs | 128 |

| innodb_undo_tablespaces | 0 |

| innodb_use_native_aio | ON |

| innodb_version | 5.7.17 |

| innodb_write_io_threads | 4 |

+------------------------------------------+------------------------+

134 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2）并發連接數量

查看當前已經使用的連接數

mysql> flush status;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global status like "Max_used_connections";

+----------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------+

| Max_used_connections | 3 |

+----------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看默認的最大連接數

mysql> show variables like "max_connections%";

+-----------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-----------------+-------+

| max_connections | 151 |

+-----------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3）連接超時時間

mysql> show variables like "%timeout%";

+-----------------------------+----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-----------------------------+----------+

| connect_timeout | 10 |

| delayed_insert_timeout | 300 |

| have_statement_timeout | YES |

| innodb_flush_log_at_timeout | 1 |

| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 |

| innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF |

| interactive_timeout | 28800 |

| lock_wait_timeout | 31536000 |

| net_read_timeout | 30 |

| net_write_timeout | 60 |

| rpl_stop_slave_timeout | 31536000 |

| slave_net_timeout | 60 |

| wait_timeout | 28800 |

+-----------------------------+----------+

13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4）允許保存在緩存中被重用的線程數量

mysql> show variables like "thread_cache_size";

+-------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-------------------+-------+

| thread_cache_size | 9 |

+-------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5）用于MyISAM引擎的關鍵索引緩存大小

mysql> show variables like "key_buffer_size";

+-----------------+---------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-----------------+---------+

| key_buffer_size | 8388608 |

+-----------------+---------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6）為每個要排序的線程分配此大小的緩存空間

mysql> show variables like "sort_buffer_size";

+------------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+------------------+--------+

| sort_buffer_size | 262144 |

+------------------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7）為順序讀取表記錄保留的緩存大小

mysql> show variables like "read_buffer_size";

+------------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+------------------+--------+

| read_buffer_size | 131072 |

+------------------+--------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

8）為所有線程緩存的打開的表的數量

mysql> show variables like "table_open_cache";

+------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+------------------+-------+

| table_open_cache | 2000 |

+------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

步驟二：SQL查詢優化

1）常用日志種類及選項，如圖-1所示：

圖-1

記錄慢查詢，圖-2所示：

啟用慢查詢日志

[root@master10 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

...

slow_query_log=1

slow_query_log_file=mysql-slow.log

long_query_time=5

log_queries_not_using_indexes=1

...

[root@master10 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

2）查看慢查詢日志

[root@master10 ~]# mysqldumpslow /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log

Reading mysql slow query log from /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log

Count: 1 Time=0.00s (0s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=0.0 (0), 0users@0hosts

查看緩存的大小

mysql> show variables like "query_cache%";

+------------------------------+---------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+------------------------------+---------+

| query_cache_limit | 1048576 |

| query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 |

| query_cache_size | 1048576 |

| query_cache_type | OFF |

| query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF |

+------------------------------+---------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3）查看當前的查詢緩存統計

mysql> show global status like "qcache%";

+-------------------------+---------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-------------------------+---------+

| Qcache_free_blocks | 1 |

| Qcache_free_memory | 1031832 |

| Qcache_hits | 0 |

| Qcache_inserts | 0 |

| Qcache_lowmem_prunes | 0 |

| Qcache_not_cached | 40 |

| Qcache_queries_in_cache | 0 |

| Qcache_total_blocks | 1 |

+-------------------------+---------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2 案例2：實現MySQL讀寫分離

2.1 問題

搭建一主一從結構
配置maxscale代理服務器
測試分離配置

2.2 方案

使用4臺RHEL 7虛擬機，如圖-1所示。其中192.168.4.10和192.168.4.20，分別提供讀、寫服務，均衡流量，通過主從復制保持數據一致性，由MySQL代理192.168.4.100面向客戶端，收到SQL寫請求時，交給服務器A處理，收到SQL讀請求時，交給服務器B處理。linux客戶機用于測試配置，可以使用真機代替

圖－1

2.3 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：搭建主從

1）搭建一主一從結構，主庫192.168.4.10上面操作

[root@master10 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=10????//指定服務器ID號

log-bin=master10????????//啟用binlog日志，并指定文件名前綴

...

[root@master10 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld????????//重啟mysqld

2）從庫192.168.4.20上面操作

[mysqld]

server_id=20????????????//指定服務器ID號，不要與Master的相同

log-bin=slave20????????//啟動SQL日志，并指定文件名前綴

read_only=1????????????//只讀模式

...

[root@slave20 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

3）主庫授權一個用戶并查看master的狀態

[root@master10 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'replicater'@'%' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| master10.000002 | 449 | | | |

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4）從庫通過CHANGE MASTER語句指定MASTER服務器的IP地址、同步用戶名/密碼、起始日志文件、偏移位置（參考MASTER上的狀態輸出）

[root@slave20 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.4.10',

-> master_user='replicater',

-> master_password='123456',

-> master_log_file='master10.000002',

-> master_log_pos=738;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.4.10

Master_User: replicater

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: master10.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 738

Relay_Log_File: slave20-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 319

Relay_Master_Log_File: master10.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 738

Relay_Log_Space: 528

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 10

Master_UUID: 95ada2c2-bb24-11e8-abdb-525400131c0f

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5）測試，主庫創建aa庫

mysql> create database aa;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| aa |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6）從庫上面查看，有aa庫

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| aa |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

步驟二：實現mysql讀寫分離

1）配置數據讀寫分離服務器192.168.4.100

環境準備關閉防火墻和SElinux，保證yum源可以正常使用

[root@maxscale ~]# cd mysql/

[root@maxscale mysql]# ls

maxscale-2.1.2-1.rhel.7.x86_64.rpm

[root@maxscale mysql]# rpm -ivh maxscale-2.1.2-1.rhel.7.x86_64.rpm ????????

//安裝maxscale

warning: maxscale-2.1.2-1.rhel.7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 8167ee24: NOKEY

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:maxscale-2.1.2-1 ################################# [100%]

2）配置maxscale

[root@maxscale mysql]# vim /etc/maxscale.cnf.template

[maxscale]

threads=auto????????????//運行的線程的數量

[server1]????????????//定義數據庫服務器

type=server

address=192.168.4.10????????//數據庫服務器的ip

port=3306

protocol=MySQLBackend????????//后端數據庫

[server2]

type=server

address=192.168.4.20

port=3306

protocol=MySQLBackend

[MySQL Monitor]????????????????//定義監控的數據庫服務器

type=monitor

module=mysqlmon

servers=server1, server2????????//監控的數據庫列表，不能寫ip

user=scalemon????????????????????//監視數據庫服務器時連接的用戶名scalemon

passwd=123456????????????????????//密碼123456

monitor_interval=10000????????//監視的頻率單位為秒

#[Read-Only Service]????????//不定義只讀服務器

#type=service

#router=readconnroute

#servers=server1

#user=myuser

#passwd=mypwd

#router_options=slave

[Read-Write Service]????????????//定義讀寫分離服務

type=service

router=readwritesplit

servers=server1, server2

user=maxscaled????????????//用戶名驗證連接代理服務時訪問數據庫服務器的用戶是否存在

passwd=123456????????????????//密碼

max_slave_connections=100%

[MaxAdmin Service]????????//定義管理服務

type=service

router=cli

#[Read-Only Listener]????????//不定義只讀服務使用的端口號

#type=listener

#service=Read-Only Service

#protocol=MySQLClient

#port=4008

[Read-Write Listener]????????????//定義讀寫服務使用的端口號

type=listener

service=Read-Write Service

protocol=MySQLClient

port=4006

[MaxAdmin Listener]????????//管理服務使用的端口號

type=listener

service=MaxAdmin Service

protocol=maxscaled

socket=default

port=4099???? //手動添加，不指定時使用的是默認端口在啟動服務以后可以知道默認端口是多少

3）根據配置文件的設置，在數據庫服務器上添加授權用戶（主庫執行，從庫查看）

mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to scalemon@'%' identified by "123456";????????????//監控數據庫服務器時，連接數據庫服務器的用戶

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant select on mysql.* to maxscaled@"%" identified by "123456";

//驗證訪問數據時，連接數據庫服務器使用的用戶，是否在數據庫服務器上存在的，連接用戶

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

4）查看授權用戶

在主庫上面查看

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user in ("scalemon","maxscaled");

+-----------+------+

| user | host |

+-----------+------+

| maxscaled | % |

| scalemon | % |

+-----------+------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在從庫上面查看

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user in ("scalemon","maxscaled");

+-----------+------+

| user | host |

+-----------+------+

| maxscaled | % |

| scalemon | % |

+-----------+------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

測試授權用戶

[root@maxscale mysql]# mysql -h 192.168.4.10 -u scalemon -p123456

[root@maxscale mysql]# mysql -h 192.168.4.20 -u scalemon -p123456

[root@maxscale mysql]# mysql -h 192.168.4.10 -u maxscaled -p123456

[root@maxscale mysql]# mysql -h 192.168.4.20 -u maxscaled -p123456

5）啟動服務

[root@maxscale ~]# maxscale -f /etc/maxscale.cnf

[root@maxscale ~]# ps -C maxscale????????//查看進程

PID TTY TIME CMD

17930 ? 00:00:00 maxscale

[root@maxscale ~]# netstat -antup | grep maxscale //查看端口

tcp6 0 0 :::4099 :::* LISTEN 17930/maxscale

tcp6 0 0 :::4006 :::* LISTEN 17930/maxscale

6）測試，在本機訪問管理端口查看監控狀態

maxadmin -P端口 -u用戶名 -p密碼

[root@maxscale ~]# maxadmin -P4099 -uadmin -pmariadb

MaxScale>

MaxScale> list servers

Servers.

-------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------

Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status

-------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------

server1 | 192.168.4.10 | 3306 | 0 | Master, Running

server2 | 192.168.4.20 | 3306 | 0 | Slave, Running

-------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------

7）在客戶端訪問讀寫分離服務器（沒有mysql命令可以安裝）

mysql -h讀寫分離服務ip -P4006 -u用戶名 -p密碼

[root@slave53 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.100 -P4006 -ureplicater -p123456

mysql> select @@hostname;????????????//查看當前主機名

+------------+

| @@hostname |

+------------+

| slave20 |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table t2(id int(4) );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into aa.t2 values(777);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

在主庫上面查看

mysql> use aa

mysql> select * from t2;

+------+

| id |

+------+

| 777 |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

從庫（主庫同步到從庫）

mysql> use aa

mysql> select * from t2;

+------+

| id |

+------+

| 777 |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/tiki/p/10783527.html

總結

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数据库

MySQL性能调优 读写分离

NSD DBA2 DAY02

1 案例1：MySQL性能優化

1.1 問題

1.2 步驟

2 案例2：實現MySQL讀寫分離

2.1 問題

2.2 方案

2.3 步驟

總結

MySQL性能调优读写分离