英语兔之从句大攻关
首先，介紹介詞
1.介詞不單獨(dú)使用，都是后接名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語來使用
2.介詞短語一般作狀語，還有定語。
狀語例子：
I go to school. "to school"是介詞短語，作狀語修飾 go。
It is a book on the desk.
之前學(xué)到過非及物動(dòng)詞后面不能接名詞，因?yàn)槭欠羌拔锏?#xff0c;如果要接名詞，就得先加個(gè)介詞。其實(shí)就是這個(gè)道理。
定語例子：
I have a T-shirt in red. ”in red“ 是介詞短語，作為定語修飾T-shirt.
補(bǔ)充小知識：
I go to school. 很好理解。
但是：
I go home. ??? 這是什么玩意？
其實(shí)home可以是副詞，也就是作為狀語修飾go.
I go my home. 這就錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)閙y home 的”home“是個(gè)名詞了,必須寫成I go to my home.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系代詞
that which who whom whose
關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句成分，且要提到從句句首：
This is a carrot that i bought. 其實(shí)是I bought that,把that提到句首。
that和which一般情況可以互換，但是有區(qū)別：
先行詞是唯一的或不可選的用that，先行詞是多選一的用which.
The rabbit ate the largest carrot that I’ve ever seen.largest是最大的，所以是唯一的，用that.
除了the largst以外，all/the only/the first這種修飾語也是代表不可選的，用that。
The rabbit ate a carrot which i bought. 這里的carrot就可以是多個(gè)，多選一的，用which
關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系副詞在句子中作為副詞。
where why when whether 等
使用介詞短語等效替換：
where=at/on/in which why=for which when=at/on/in which
限定性形容詞從句和非限定性形容詞從句（定語從句）
限定：
The rabbit ate the carrot which was on the table.兔子吃了在桌上的胡蘿卜
"which was on the table"限定了carrot,重點(diǎn)在說明(限定)是carrot是指桌上的carrot
非限定：
The rabbit ate the carrot,which was on the table.兔子吃了胡蘿卜，胡蘿卜在桌上。
對胡蘿卜的限定沒那么強(qiáng)，甚至可以去掉。相當(dāng)于補(bǔ)充信息，我覺得有點(diǎn)同位語的味道。
再舉個(gè)例子：
I have a head which is round. 我有一個(gè)圓圓的頭（暗指我可能還有扁的頭，方的頭，這只是其中一個(gè)）
I have a head, which is round.我有一個(gè)頭，它是圓的。
非限定性從句一般作為插入語。不僅可以補(bǔ)充（修飾）名詞的信息，還可以修飾整個(gè)句子。
主語從句：
代詞：
That rabbit eate carrot is obvious.
副詞：
What rabbit eate is obvious.
where rabbit eate is obvious.
賓語從句：
代詞：
I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot.
賓語從句中的that可以省略，但有時(shí)候省略后句子意思可能會改變：
I didi’t know that the rabbit ate the carrot and that you saw it.
第一個(gè)that可以省略，但是第二個(gè)that省略和不省略句子意思是不一樣的。
副詞：
I saw what the rabbit ate.
I saw where the rabbit ate.
主句時(shí)態(tài)和賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一致的，除非從句是說明一件永恒的或者客觀的事實(shí)。
永恒的或者客觀的事實(shí)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表面這件事不會受到時(shí)間/時(shí)態(tài)的影響。
有爭議的從句類型：
I am sure/afraid/happy that there is a carrot on the table.
這到底是說明從句：賓語？同位語？狀語？沒有統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)！
表語從句：
代詞：
The problem is that the rabbit is hungry.
副詞：
The question is what the rabbit should eat.
The question is wehre/when/how the rabbit should eat.
同位語從句：
代詞：
The fact that the rabbit ate teh carrot did not surpprise me.
相當(dāng)于：The fact, the rabbit ate teh carrot, did not surpprise me.
副詞：
I have no idea who ate the carrot.
賓補(bǔ)從句：
代詞：
副詞：
you can call me what you like.
狀語從句
狀語在句子中作補(bǔ)充信息，可分為九類：
表時(shí)間：
before / after
when / while / as
since / until / as soon as / the next time
表地點(diǎn)：
where / wherever / anywhere /
The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it.（這是狀語從句）
The rabbit ate the carrot at the place where he found it.(這是定語從句)
表比較
than / as …as / the …the
he is smarter than i am.
常被省略成：he is smarter than i.
口語化一般為：he is smarter than me.
This carrot is bigger than that one is.
省略：This carrot is bigger than that one.
He is as smart as i am.
This carrot is as big as that one is.
省略：
He is as smart as me.(口語化了，本來是I)
This carrot is as big as thet one.
也就是說，than和as…as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句常省略is
The more you practice English,the more fluent you become.
表?xiàng)l件
if / unless / provided / as long as / in case
If the rabbit sees a carrot,he will eat it.
if i saw a carrot,I would eat it. (這是虛擬語氣，不是條件狀語從句)
if i had seen a carrot,I would have eaten it.(這是虛擬語氣，不是條件狀語從句)
區(qū)別就是虛擬語氣表達(dá)與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的條件，主句使用過去式或過去分詞。
表讓步
even / even if / although / no matter how/what / regardless of
Although I see a carrot,but I will not eat it.這里得把but去掉，因?yàn)閍lthough引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，而but是個(gè)連詞，后應(yīng)該接一個(gè)句子，而不是主句。
表方式
as if / as
表原因：
because / since / as
Since you are hungry,you can eat teh carrot. 既然你餓了，你可以吃胡蘿卜。
這里的since跟時(shí)間的since，要注意根據(jù)語境區(qū)分。
As I have thick skin,I am begging you for a thumbs up.顯而易見…
這里的as翻譯為顯而易見，注意跟表方式的區(qū)分。
you must really like me,for you have given all my cideos a thmbs-up.這里的for是個(gè)連詞。
表目的
in order…so that / in order to/that
表結(jié)果
so that / so/such…that
知識來源詳見所有英語從句，一個(gè)視頻合集搞定
句子分析：
I don’t know what is your name.
見過這種結(jié)構(gòu)，感覺很奇怪。學(xué)習(xí)了從句以后，我認(rèn)為以下才是正確的：
I don’t know what your name is.
原理為從句是個(gè)陳述句，只是把what替代的名詞提前。
但是如果是個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
I dont know who was hit. 我不知道誰被打了.
who這里替代的是主語，原陳述句：he was hit.也就是說，who 代替了he，而且提前，所以這句話是對的。
剛開始就是覺得what is…這種語法是錯(cuò)的，但是在被動(dòng)的語態(tài)下這種從句是對的。
總結(jié)
