学英语遇到的问题1
I am going to visit my father.
誰是謂語?
網上答案:am going是謂語,to visit是非謂語動詞,am是系動詞
我覺得:這跟 I will visit my father.是一樣的。不如把Be going to 看成情態動詞?
還有一種說法:am going to visit 是謂語。。。
2021/5/25破防:am是助動詞,going是謂語,to visit是不定式當賓語,my father是間接賓語(這是給雙賓結構)
convert.轉變這個詞,是個及物動詞,而且可以有兩個賓語。
convert sth into/to sth
convert from sth into/to sth
比如:I convert dollars into rmb.
一個賓語:
sth convert into/to sth
好像就是賓補。。。有跟賓補不太一樣,多了個介詞。
或者說后面部分是定語。比如I convert dollars into rmb. into rmb是dollars 的定語?
2021/5/25破防:雙賓結構,into是介詞,表明方向
a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert.
我的第一理解是has作為謂語,to have a mindset是非謂語短語作為賓語。
但是句解霸解析的是has to作為情態動詞,have作為謂語a mindset作為賓語。
a farmer refused to accept my invitation. 這里to accept my invitation才是非謂語動詞作為賓語。
暈。。。。
總結:助動詞沒有實際意思。
Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins.
剛開始以為 the price of grain they feed是一個部分,怎么都都不順。
原來是the price of grain they feed their cows這才是完整的一部分。
如果按照grain they feed來理解,就是他們喂養的谷物。實際上這是一個定語從句修飾grain.即grain which they feed.
所以我的理解是沒問題的。
按照原文的意思:grain which they feed their cows. " they feed their cows"主謂賓完整,是不用which的。只能是
按照句解霸的解析:
the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up
解析成:
the price (of grain (they feed their cows)) has gone up
那么句解霸的意思就是they feed their cows就是省略的that/which的一個定語從句,是用來修飾grain的 。但是按照劉曉燕的語法解析來講,當主謂賓不缺的情況下,這樣的句子是錯的。所以2019年12月六級真題段落匹配D段的這句話是錯的?還是劉曉燕講的不夠準確,但是我一直以來的理解也是跟劉曉燕所講的是一樣的,只有把they feed their cows中的their cow去掉,句子才讀的通順。這就是我為什么一開始讀不懂的原因了!
這個問題先跳過。以后再回來看。
2021/5/24破防:they feed their cows主謂賓完整,但是也可以不完整,也可以為 they feed theri cows grain.
那么就是grain作為賓補,省略的that指的是賓補!
總結,feed可以是不及物動詞,也可以是及物動詞,及物動詞也可以帶賓補!
6.
為什么by引導的方式狀語從句后面動詞要加ing
答:介詞后面不能跟動詞,如果是動詞,就變成動名詞(+ing);
These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows’ own fertilizer.
百度翻譯:這些做法包括在牧場天然種子庫生長的草地上放牧動物,用奶牛自己的肥料施肥。
剛開始看不懂,這是要干嘛,and and fertilized by the cows’ own fertilizer.明顯省略了主語,那么這是要給誰施肥?找了半天也不理解。
原文是:
By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland s natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows’ own fertilizer.
百度翻譯:通過用再生管理方法取代昂貴的谷物飼料,以草為食的農民免受飼料價格上漲的影響。這些做法包括在牧場天然種子庫生長的草地上放牧動物,用奶牛自己的肥料施肥。
一下子就通順了,省略的主語是上一句話給出了。
總結:一個句子可能得看上下文才能明白它的意思,省略的部分也可能是上個句子給出的,并不是一個句子中才會出現省略!
The time it takes me to get to work has doubled.
感覺這句話怪怪的,雖然能讀的得懂意思。
it take me to get to work 應該是個定語,并且省略了that,既然省略了that那么就是省略的賓語,那么賓語是誰呢?
思考了一下,賓語應該是time,定語:it take me time to get to work ,這是個雙賓結構。
The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus.
the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand .
這里應該是個名詞,指的是時間。但是這個名詞是怎么使用定語修飾的感覺很怪。
百度翻譯過來是:向牛群中添加更多的奶牛以滿足需求所需的滯后時間。meet demand :滿足需求。
刪減后: the lag-time it takes to meet demand .
百度翻譯:滿足需求所需的滯后時間。
那么這應該理解為定語從句修飾的名詞,因為有個it。定語部分: it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand
那么就是省略了that,即賓語被省略了,那么賓語是誰呢?
那么應該是it takes lag-time to add more cows to a herd to meet demand ,這么看好像就讀順了。
按照我的翻譯:添加奶牛到牛群來滿足需要所需的滯后時間
it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms.
a growing number of businesses ,這短語一開始我理解為number是重點,用business作修飾,所以怎么都讀不順,其實a growing number of是一個固定搭配,a growing number of sth。
committed to slowly changing the way America farms是一個后置定語。但不是定語從句。只是省略了一部分。
完整句子應該為:
it’s just one of a growing number of businesses(those who are) committed to slowly changing the way America farms.
11.
Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain.
我的理解:
Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources (they needed) to expand their supply chain.
Collins 和 Forrest 突然有了他們需要的資源來拓展他們的供應鏈
百度和谷歌的理解:
Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources (they needed to expand their supply chain).
柯林斯和福里斯特突然擁有了擴展供應鏈所需的資源。
我覺得兩種理解都可以。因為這三句話都是對的:
they needed resources.
they needed resources to expand their supply chain
they needed to expand their supply chain.
其中
第二句 to expand their supply chain 不定式作為狀語。修飾整個句子。(還有說是作為賓補的,我覺得不對)
第三節 to expand their supply chain 不定式作為賓語.
people who reported feeling isolated were more handsome.
這里直接reported feeling isolated三個動詞放在一起,把我搞懵了。
簡化一下:
I reported feeling isolated.為 主語+謂語+賓語+形容詞
舉個相同例子:
錯誤的:
I eat fruit delicious.
正確的:
I wish my homework finished.
I had my money stolen.
he had his leg broken.
I changed the material used.
finished/stolen/used 被完成的/被打斷的/被使用過的
一般來講,單個過去分詞作定語的時候放在要修飾的詞的簽名,除非有被動關系才可以放在后面,比如以上的被完成,被偷,被打斷,被使用。
有的單詞作為過去分詞的時候就會有被動形式,但作為謂語就沒有,得+be.比如:
The ball kicked by the kid was kicked back by another kid.
但是有的沒有,比如:fallen leaves / retired workers
不能寫成: leaves fallen / workers retired 因為沒有工人被退休
除非isolated有被隔離的意思,以上句子才能說的過去,但是網上查的并沒有被動的意思。
先留著懸念,以后再來看看!
總結
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