要求：使用類的形式做一個圖書館管理系統，實現借書，入庫，還書，查書等功能。

設計思路：

第一步：先寫一個書的類，來存儲圖書館中最重要的組成部分書的信息管理，包括書名，書作者，書的所屬類別，書的價格等

class Book():'''書類，存儲書名，作者，分類，價格等信息'''def __init__(self,name,author,classify,price):self.name = nameself.author = authorself.classify = classifyself.price = pricedef get_bookinfo(self):print('書名：%s\n作者：%s\n分類：%s\n價格：%s'%(self.name,self.author,self.classify,self.price))def set_book_name(self,new_name):self.name = new_namedef get_book_name(self):#獲取書名return self.namedef get_book_author(self):#獲取書作者return self.authordef get_book_classify(self):#獲取書分類return self.classfiydef get_book_price(self):#獲取書的價格return self.price

第二步：因為單獨一個類管理書籍信息，因此現在寫一個圖書館主體類，寫3個類變量，分別存儲圖書館所有的圖書(list)、尚未被借出的圖書(list)、已被借出的圖書(dict)，并且使用序列化來存儲信息編寫算法如下：

class Library():'''圖書館，實現借書，入庫，還書，查書等功能，使用序列化存儲書的實例'''import pickle as pwith open(r'C:\Users\何發奮\Desktop\Python 習題\instance\book_library.txt','rb') as f:#序列化信息存儲地址try:book_total_library = p.load(f)#存儲所有的書book_in_library =p.load(f)#存儲未被借出的書out_library = p.load(f)#存儲被借出的書的信息，包括借書人以及借書日期except:book_total_library = []book_in_library =[]out_library = {} def __init__(self,name,location): '''初始化圖書館''' self.name = name self.location = location

第三步：寫借書，入庫，還書，查書等功能

3.1 入庫

def add():'''加書'''import pickle as pbook_name = input('請輸入書名:')author_name = input('請輸入author:')classify = input('請輸入classify:')price = input('請輸入price:')book = Book(book_name,author_name,classify,price)Library.book_total_library.append(book)Library.book_in_library.append(book)#將書籍加入本館總庫以及在庫圖書列表with open(r'C:\Users\何發奮\Desktop\Python 習題\instance\book_library.txt','wb') as fp:p.dump(Library.book_total_library,fp)p.dump(Library.book_in_library,fp)p.dump(Library.out_library,fp)#將修改的數據記錄入序列化

3.2借書，借書的邏輯是

　　step1:遍歷本館書庫，查看是否有該書籍

　　step2:遍歷本館可借書單，查看書籍是否已被借出

　　step3:如果本館有此書，并且未被借出，則出借該書，記錄出借記錄，否則提示本館無此書，或者此書已經被出借

def borrow(self,username,book_name):'''借書'''import pickle as pimport timecurrent_date = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime())#print(Library.book_in_library)#print(Library.out_library)for book_object1 in Library.book_total_library:if book_object1.get_book_name() == book_name:for book_object2 in Library.book_in_library:#print(book_object2)#print(book_object2.get_book_name())if book_object2.get_book_name() ==book_name:print('object2：',book_object2)#查找圖書在本館，且未被借出Library.out_library[book_object2] = (username,current_date)#記錄圖書已經被借出，登記出借信息 Library.book_in_library.remove(book_object2)#print(Library.book_in_library)#print(Library.out_library)#修改在庫圖書記錄，記錄當前圖書已被借出，不在庫print('借書成功，請及時歸還')with open(r'C:\Users\何發奮\Desktop\Python 習題\instance\book_library.txt','wb') as fp:p.dump(Library.book_total_library,fp)p.dump(Library.book_in_library,fp)p.dump(Library.out_library,fp)#序列化記錄修改記錄print()returnelse:#本館有此書，但是已被借走print('您要的書已被借走，您可通過book_info查看已被借閱的信息')print()return#如果圖書在本館，但是已被借出，提示已被借走else:print('您所要借閱的書本館尚無，請去其他圖書館看看')print()#如果本館無此圖書，提示

3.3還書，還書的邏輯為先查看出借記錄，查看是否有對應的出借記錄，如果有則收回書籍，修改在庫記錄，否則提示報錯

def lend(self,book_name):'''還書'''import pickle as pfor book_object in Library.out_library.keys():print(book_object.get_book_name())if book_name ==book_object.get_book_name():Library.book_in_library.append(book_object)del Library.out_library[book_object]#刪除出借記錄with open(r'C:\Users\何發奮\Desktop\Python 習題\instance\book_library.txt','wb') as fp:p.dump(Library.book_total_library,fp)p.dump(Library.book_in_library,fp)p.dump(Library.out_library,fp)print('還書成功！')print()return#如果查到對應的借出記錄，則記錄歸還記錄else:print('未查到借閱記錄，請確認是否是在本館借的書')print()#如果未查到對應的借出記錄不做操作

3.4查詢功能，查書功能分3種，查詢本館所有的圖書；查詢本館在庫圖書；查詢本館已被出借圖書

def info_all(self):#所有書籍import pickle as pif Library.book_total_library:print('*'*80)for item in Library.book_total_library:item.get_bookinfo()print('-'*80)print(' '*80)def info_ready(self):#在庫書籍if Library.book_in_library:print('-'*80)for item in Library.book_in_library:item.get_bookinfo()print('-'*80)print(' '*80)else:print('當前無可借書籍')print(' '*80)def info_borrow(self):#已被出借書籍if Library.out_library:print('*'*80)for item in Library.out_library:item.get_bookinfo()print('-'*80)print(' '*80)else:print('無被借閱記錄')print(' '*80)

最后寫程序的主體，也就是操作命令如下：

if __name__ == '__main__':#import operatorwhile 1:command = input('歡迎光臨小何圖書館請輸入命令：\nadd：增加圖書\nborrow：借閱圖書\nlend：還書\ninfo_all：查看庫中圖書列表\ninfo_ready：查看在庫圖書列表\ninfo_borrow：查看借出圖書列表\nsearch：查找圖書\nexit：退出\n')if command.strip().lower() == 'add':exec('xh_library.add()')elif command.strip().lower() == 'borrow':user_name = input('請輸入用戶名：')book_name = input('請輸入書名：')temp = 'xh_library.borrow(%s,%s)'%(user_name,book_name)print(temp)exec('xh_library.borrow("%s","%s")'%(user_name,book_name))elif command.strip().lower() == 'lend':book_input = input('請輸入要還的書名：')exec('xh_library.lend("%s")'% book_input)elif command.strip().lower() == 'info_all':exec('xh_library.info_all()')elif command.strip().lower() == 'info_ready':exec('xh_library.info_ready()')elif command.strip().lower() == 'info_borrow':#print('catch')exec('xh_library.info_borrow()')elif command.strip().lower() == 'exit':break

尚未完全完善，待后續更新！

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyj691001/p/10552029.html

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