Linux下find命令在目錄結構中搜索文件，并執(zhí)行指定的操作。Linux下find命令提供了相當多的查找文件，功能很強大。由于find具有強大的功能，所以它的選項也很多，需要我們花時間來了解。

命令格式：find?pathname?-options?[-print?-exec?-ok?...]

命令功能：

用于在文件樹種查找文件，并作出相應的處理(可能訪問磁盤)

命令參數：

pathname: find命令所查找的目錄路徑。例如用.來表示當前目錄，用/來表示系統根目錄。? ?-print： find命令將匹配的文件輸出到標準輸出。? ?-exec： find命令對匹配的文件執(zhí)行該參數所給出的shell命令。相應命令的形式為‘command‘ { } ? ? ?\;，注意{ }和\；之間的空格。? ?-ok： 和-exec的作用相同，只不過以一種更為安全的模式來執(zhí)行該參數所給出的shell命令，在執(zhí)行 ? ?每一個命令之前，都會給出提示，讓用戶來確定是否執(zhí)行。

#-print 將查找到的文件輸出到標準輸出? ?#-exec?? command?? {} \;????? —–將查到的文件執(zhí)行command操作,{} 和 \;之間有空格? ?#-ok 和-exec相同，只不過在操作前要詢用戶

執(zhí)行命令操作時，我先在Linux中建立一個name文件。[[email?protected]?~]$?mkdir?name

[[email?protected]?~]$?ls

Desktop??Documents??Downloads??Music??name??Pictures??Public??Templates??Videos

-name ?按照文件名來查找文件。[[email?protected]?~]$?ls

Desktop??Documents??Downloads??Music??name??Pictures??Public??Templates??Videos

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-name?name??//查找文件名為name的文件

./name

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?.?-name?"*.txt"?-print???//在當前目錄查找.txt文件并顯示

./test.txt

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?~?-name?"*.xml"?-print??//在$?HOME中查找.xml文件并顯示

/home/ningning/.gconf/desktop/%gconf.xml

/home/ningning/.gconf/desktop/gnome/accessibility/%gconf.xml

/home/ningning/.gconf/desktop/gnome/accessibility/keyboard/%gconf.xml

/home/ningning/.gconf/desktop/gnome/%gconf.xml

/home/ningning/.gconf/apps/nautilus/%gconf.xml

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-name?"[A-Z]*"?-print??//查找以大寫字母開頭的文件

./Downloads

./.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default

./Templates

./Documents

./Music

./Pictures

./Public

./Videos

./Desktop

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-name?"P*"?-print??//查找以大寫字母P開頭的文件

./Pictures

./Public

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-name?"*s"?-print??//查找以小寫字母s結尾的文件

./.xsession-errors

./.gvfs

./.gnome2/keyrings

./.gnome2/panel2.d/default/launchers

./.gnome2/nautilus-scripts

./.dbus

./.dbus/session-bus

./.gnote/addins

./.mozilla/plugins

./.mozilla/extensions

./Downloads

./.gtk-bookmarks

./.local/share/applications

./.local/share/.converted-launchers

./.nautilus

./.gconf/apps

./Templates

./Documents

./Pictures

./Videos

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-name?"[a-z]*"?-print?//查找以小寫字母開頭的文件

./.gnome2/keyrings

./.gnome2/keyrings/login.keyring

./.dbus/session-bus

./.dbus/session-bus/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-0

./.gnote/addins

./.mozilla/plugins

./.mozilla/extensions

./.gnupg/pubring.gpg

./.cache/event-sound-cache.tdb.dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028.i386-redhat-linux-gnu

./.pulse/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-card-database.tdb

./name

./.gconf/desktop

./.gconf/desktop/gnome

./.gconf/desktop/gnome/accessibility

-perm ? 按照文件的權限來查找文件[[email?protected]?~]$?find?.?-perm?755?-print??//查找權限755的文件

./.gnome2

./.gnome2/nautilus-scripts

./.fontconfig

./.mozilla

./.mozilla/plugins

./.mozilla/extensions

./Downloads

./.cache

./.local

./.local/share

./.local/share/applications

./.nautilus

./.config

./.config/gnome-session

./.config/gnome-session/saved-session

./.config/gnome-disk-utility

./.config/gnome-disk-utility/ata-smart-ignore

./Templates

./Documents

./Music

./Pictures

./Public

./Videos

./Desktop

//注意ok和exec的用法

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-perm?-007?-ok?-l{}?\;??//??#查所有用戶都可讀寫執(zhí)行的文件同-perm?777

???y

find:?`-l./.pulse/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-runtime‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-perm?-007?-exec?-l{}?\;

find:?`-l./.pulse/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-runtime‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

-user 按照文件屬主來查找文件[[email?protected]?~]$?find?/?-user?ningning

/proc/14301/task/14301/cwd

/proc/14301/task/14301/root

/proc/14301/task/14301/exe

/proc/14301/task/14301/mounts

/proc/14301/task/14301/mountinfo

/proc/14301/task/14301/clear_refs

/proc/14301/task/14301/smaps

/proc/14301/task/14301/pagemap

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr/current

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr/prev

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr/exec

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr/fscreate

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr/keycreate

/proc/14301/task/14301/attr/sockcreate

/proc/14301/task/14301/wchan

/proc/14301/task/14301/stack

/proc/14301/task/14301

-group 按照文件所屬的組來查找文件find:?`/proc/27825/fd/5‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

/proc/27825/fdinfo

/proc/27825/fdinfo/0

/proc/27825/fdinfo/1

/proc/27825/fdinfo/2

/proc/27825/fdinfo/3

/proc/27825/fdinfo/4

find:?`/proc/27825/fdinfo/5‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

/proc/27825/ns

/proc/27825/ns/net

/proc/27825/ns/uts

/proc/27825/ns/ipc

/proc/27825/ns/mnt

/proc/27825/ns/pid

/proc/27825/net

/proc/27825/environ

/proc/27825/auxv

find?? /home?? -nouser ? ? ? ? ? ? ?列出/home內不屬于本地用戶的文件或目錄find?? /home?? -nogroup ? ? ? ? ? ? 列出/home內不屬于本地組的文件或目錄

find?? /home?? -used?? -2 ? ? ? ? ? 列出文件或目錄被改動過之后，在2日內被存取過的文件或目錄find?? /home?? -user cnscn ? ? ? ? ?列出/home目錄內屬于用戶cnscn的文件或目錄

find??? /?? -nouser ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?查找在系統中屬于作廢用戶的文件[[email?protected]?~]$?find?/?-nouser

find:?`/proc/1356/fd‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1356/fdinfo‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1356/ns‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1357/task/1357/fd‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1357/task/1357/fdinfo‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1357/task/1357/ns‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1357/fd‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1357/fdinfo‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1357/ns‘:?Permission?denied

find:?`/proc/1382/task/1382/fd‘:?Permission?denied

-type ?查找某一類型文件

b 塊設備文件

d 目錄

c 字符設備文件

p 管道文件

l 鏈接字符文件

f 普通文件[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-type?d?-print

.

./.gvfs

./.gnome2

./.gnome2/keyrings

./.gnome2/panel2.d

./.gnome2/panel2.d/default

./.gnome2/panel2.d/default/launchers

./.gnome2/nautilus-scripts

./.dbus

./.dbus/session-bus

./.gnote

./.gnote/addins

./.ssh

./.fontconfig

./.mozilla

./.mozilla/plugins

./.mozilla/extensions

./Downloads

./.gnupg

./.cache

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?-type?f?-exec?-l{}?\;???//查看目錄下所有普通文件

find:?`-l./.dmrc‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.xsession-errors‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.gnome2/keyrings/login.keyring‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.dbus/session-bus/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-0‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.gnote/36595867-4cc7-4b1f-b298-b25e9c2080ac.note‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.gnote/9d4d7c5c-d46e-42eb-8d7f-ed5921568770.note‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.bash_profile‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a049b759396e72e-le32d4.cache-3‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.bashrc‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

find:?`-l./.pulse-cookie‘:?No?such?file?or?directory

-size n:[c] ?查找文件長度為n塊的文件，帶有c時表示文件以字節(jié)計。[[email?protected]?~]$?find?.?-size?1000c?-print??//查找長度為1000c的文件

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?.?-size?+1000c?-print????//查找長度大于1000c的文件

.

./.xsession-errors

./.gvfs

./.gnome2

./.gnome2/keyrings

./.gnome2/panel2.d

./.gnome2/panel2.d/default

./.gnome2/panel2.d/default/launchers

./.gnome2/nautilus-scripts

./.dbus

./.dbus/session-bus

./.gnote

./.gnote/36595867-4cc7-4b1f-b298-b25e9c2080ac.note

./.gnote/addins

./.gnote/9d4d7c5c-d46e-42eb-8d7f-ed5921568770.note

./.ssh

./.fontconfig

./.fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a049b759396e72e-le32d4.cache-3

./.mozilla

./.mozilla/plugins

./.mozilla/extensions

./Downloads

./.gnupg

[[email?protected]?~]$?find?.?-size?+10?-print???//查長度超過期作廢10塊的文件(1塊=512字節(jié))

./.gnupg/gpg.conf

./.cache/event-sound-cache.tdb.dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028.i386-redhat-linux-gnu

./.pulse/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-device-volumes.tdb

./.pulse/dcd26acd87eabb5cc6f2133500000028-stream-volumes.tdb

./.local/share/gvfs-metadata/home-6751745f.log

./.gconfd/saved_state

./.gstreamer-0.10/registry.i686.bin

./Desktop/gnome-terminal.desktop

查找一個文件大小為5556字節(jié)的文件

[[email?protected] ~]$ find /ningning -size -5557c -size +5555c -exec ls -ld{} \;

總結

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