synchronized 关键字解析
synchronized 關(guān)鍵字解析
同步鎖依賴于對象,每個對象都有一個同步鎖。
現(xiàn)有一成員變量 Test,當線程 A 調(diào)用 Test 的 synchronized 方法,線程 A 獲得 Test 的同步鎖,同時,線程 B 也去調(diào)用 Test 的 synchronized 方法,此時線程 B 無法獲得 Test 的同步鎖,必須等待線程 A 釋放 Test 的同步鎖才能獲得從而執(zhí)行對應(yīng)方法的代碼。
綜上,正確使用 synchronized 關(guān)鍵字可確保原子性。
synchronized 關(guān)鍵字的特性應(yīng)用
特性 1:
當線程 A 調(diào)用某對象的synchronized 方法?或者?synchronized 代碼塊時,若同步鎖未釋放,其他線程調(diào)用同一對象的synchronized 方法?或者?synchronized 代碼塊時將被阻塞,直至線程 A 釋放該對象的同步鎖。
DEMO1,synchronized 方法:
public class Test {private static class Counter {public synchronized void count() {for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);}}}private static class MyThread extends Thread {private Counter mCounter;public MyThread(Counter counter) {mCounter = counter;}@Overridepublic void run() {super.run();mCounter.count();}}public static void main(String[] var0) {Counter counter = new Counter();// 注:myThread1 和 myThread2 是調(diào)用同一個對象 counterMyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(counter);MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(counter);myThread1.start();myThread2.start();}}DEMO1 輸出:
Thread-0, i = 0 Thread-0, i = 1 Thread-0, i = 2 Thread-0, i = 3 Thread-0, i = 4 Thread-0, i = 5 Thread-1, i = 0 Thread-1, i = 1 Thread-1, i = 2 Thread-1, i = 3 Thread-1, i = 4 Thread-1, i = 5DEMO2,synchronized 代碼塊:
public class Test {private static class Counter {public void count() {synchronized (this) {for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);}}}}private static class MyThread extends Thread {private Counter mCounter;public MyThread(Counter counter) {mCounter = counter;}@Overridepublic void run() {super.run();mCounter.count();}}public static void main(String[] var0) {Counter counter = new Counter();MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(counter);MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(counter);myThread1.start();myThread2.start();} }DEMO2 輸出:
Thread-0, i = 0 Thread-0, i = 1 Thread-0, i = 2 Thread-0, i = 3 Thread-0, i = 4 Thread-0, i = 5 Thread-1, i = 0 Thread-1, i = 1 Thread-1, i = 2 Thread-1, i = 3 Thread-1, i = 4 Thread-1, i = 5可見,當同步鎖未釋放時,其他線程將被阻塞,直至獲得同步鎖。
而且 DEMO1 和 DEMO2 的輸出結(jié)果是一樣的,synchronized 方法?和?synchronized 代碼塊的不同之處在于?synchronized 方法?作用域較大,作用于整個方法,而?synchronized 代碼塊?可控制具體的作用域,更精準控制提高效率。(畢竟阻塞的都是時間啊)
DEMO3,僅修改 main 方法:
public static void main(String[] var0) {// 注意:myThread1 和 myThread2 傳入的 Counter 是兩個不同的對象MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(new Counter());MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(new Counter());myThread1.start();myThread2.start();}DEMO3 輸出:
Thread-0, i = 0 Thread-1, i = 0 Thread-0, i = 1 Thread-1, i = 1 Thread-1, i = 2 Thread-1, i = 3 Thread-0, i = 2 Thread-1, i = 4 Thread-0, i = 3 Thread-1, i = 5 Thread-0, i = 4 Thread-0, i = 5同步鎖基于對象,只要鎖的來源一致,即可達到同步的作用。所以,但對象不一樣,則不能達到同步效果。
特性 2:
當線程 A 調(diào)用某對象的synchronized 方法?或者?synchronized 代碼塊時,若同步鎖未釋放,其他線程調(diào)用同一對象的其他synchronized 方法?或者?synchronized 代碼塊時將被阻塞,直至線程 A 釋放該對象的同步鎖。(注意:重點是其他)
DEMO4,僅修改 doOtherThings 方法的修飾:
public class Test {private static class Counter {public synchronized void count() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sleep");try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " awake");}public synchronized void doOtherThings(){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThings");}}public static void main(String[] var0) {final Counter counter = new Counter();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {counter.count();}}).start();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {counter.doOtherThings();}}).start();} }DEMO4 輸出:
Thread-0 sleep Thread-0 awake Thread-1 doOtherThings可見,synchronized 獲得的同步鎖并非僅僅鎖住代碼,而是鎖住整個對象。
此時應(yīng)提及?happens-before 原則,正因 happens-before 原則的存在才有此現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。
happens-before 原則的其中一條:
管理鎖定原則:一個 unLock 操作先行發(fā)生于后面對同一個鎖的 lock 操作。
(此處暫不作過多解釋,解釋起來能再寫一篇文章了)
DEMO5,僅修改 doOtherThings 方法:
public void doOtherThings(){synchronized (this){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThings");}}DEMO5 輸出:
Thread-0 sleep Thread-0 awake Thread-1 doOtherThingsDEMO4 和 DEMO5 的輸出結(jié)果竟然一致!沒錯,因為他們的同步鎖來源一致(都是本實例自己),所以可以達到同步效果。
// 這兩個 synchronized 鎖的是同一個對象 public synchronized void count(){}; public void doOtherThings(){synchronized (this){} }DEMO6,去掉 doOtherThings 方法的同步關(guān)鍵字:
public void doOtherThings(){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThings");}DEMO6 輸出:
Thread-0 sleep Thread-1 doOtherThings Thread-0 awake當線程 A 調(diào)用某對象的synchronized 方法?或者?synchronized 代碼塊時,無論同步鎖是否釋放,其他線程調(diào)用同一對象的其他?非 synchronized 方法?或者?非 synchronized 代碼塊時可立即調(diào)用。
實例鎖和全局鎖
以上 DEMO 實現(xiàn)的都是實例鎖。鎖住(作用域)的是具體某一對象實例。
什么是全局鎖?
鎖住整個 Class,而非某個對象或?qū)嵗?/p>
注:單例型的實例鎖不屬于全局鎖。
全局鎖的實現(xiàn):
靜態(tài) synchronized 方法
DEMO7:
public class Test {private static class Counter {public static synchronized void count() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sleep");try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " awake");}public static synchronized void doOtherThings(){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThings");}}public static void main(String[] var0) {new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {Counter.count();}}).start();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {Counter.doOtherThings();}}).start();} }DEMO7 輸出:
Thread-0 sleep Thread-0 awake Thread-1 doOtherThingsstatic 聲明的方法為全局方法,與對象實例化無關(guān),所以 static synchronized 方法為全局同步方法,與對象實例化無關(guān)。
synchronized 具體 Class 的代碼塊
DEMO8:
public class Test {private static class Counter {public static synchronized void count() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sleep");try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " awake");}public void doOtherThings(){synchronized (Counter.class){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThings");}}}public static void main(String[] var0) {new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {Counter.count();}}).start();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {Counter counter = new Counter();counter.doOtherThings();}}).start();} }DEMO8 輸出:
Thread-0 sleep Thread-0 awake Thread-1 doOtherThingssynchronized (Counter.class) 獲得的同步鎖是全局的,static synchronized 獲得的同步鎖也是全局的,同一個鎖,所以達到同步效果。
區(qū)分 synchronized (this) 與 synchronized (Class.class)
DEMO9:
public class Test {private static class Counter {public void count() {synchronized (this){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sleep");try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " awake");}}public void doOtherThings(){synchronized (Counter.class){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThings");}}}public static void main(String[] var0) {final Counter counter = new Counter();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {counter.count();}}).start();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {counter.doOtherThings();}}).start();} }DEMO9 輸出:
Thread-0 sleep Thread-1 doOtherThings Thread-0 awakesynchronized (this) 獲得的是具體對象實例 counter 的鎖,而 synchronized (Counter.class) 獲得的是全局鎖,兩把不同的鎖,所以不能達到同步效果。
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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lsgxeva/p/10280648.html
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