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Cobbler全自动安装CentOS(整理)
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環境：????
本文出自：http://koumm.blog.51cto.com
一、?cobbler安裝準備? 1.?關閉iptables與selinux? 1 2 3 # chkconfig iptables off # vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled
2.?安裝源準備并安裝cobbler軟件? 說明：基礎源與epel源。?
1 2 rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart fence-agents
二、?配置tftp-server與rsync? 開啟tftp與rsync服務?
1 2 sed -i?'/disable/c disable = no'?/etc/xinetd.d/tftp sed -i -e?'s/= yes/= no/g'?/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
三、配置cobbler? 1.?配置httpd配置文件? 1 2 # vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ServerName?127.0.0.1:80
2.?配置cobbler主配置文件? 1 2 3 4 sed -i?'s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.10/g'?/etc/cobbler/settings sed -i?'s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.10/g'?/etc/cobbler/settings sed -i?'s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g'?/etc/cobbler/settings sed -i?'s/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g'?/etc/cobbler/settings
?
3.?配置cobbler?web登錄認證配置文件? (1)?修改認證文件 1 sed -i?'s/module = authn_denyall/module = authn_configfile/g'?/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
(2)?設置用戶名密碼： ?
1 htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest?"Cobbler"?cobbler
4.?生成Cobbler安裝系統root初始密碼? (1)這里生成密鑰和配置默認密鑰，ks文件引用? 1 2 # openssl passwd -1?-salt?'random-phrase-here'?'111111' $1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z.
(2)?將上面的加密串加入cobbler配置文件中。? 1 2 3 # vi /etc/cobbler/settings # 修改為如下配置 default_password_crypted:?"$1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z."
四、配置DHCP與啟動cobbler相關服務? 1.?配置dhcp配置文件? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 # mv /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak # vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template ddns-update-style interim; allow booting; allow bootp; ignore client-updates; set?vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier; subnet?192.168.1.0?netmask?255.255.255.0?{ option routers?192.168.1.1; option domain-name-servers?202.100.192.68; option subnet-mask?255.255.255.0; range?dynamic-bootp?192.168.1.120?192.168.1.254; filename?"/pxelinux.0"; default-lease-time?21600; max-lease-time?43200; next-server $next_server; }
2.?需要啟動的服務? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 chkconfig httpd on chkconfig xinetd on chkconfig dhcpd on chkconfig cobblerd on service httpd start service xinetd start service dhcpd start service cobblerd start
五、效驗cobbler安裝條件? 1.?修復cobbler?check時出現的第一條錯誤信息? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 [root@pxe ~]# cobbler?get-loaders task started:?2013-12-15_191305_get_loaders task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Dec?15?19:13:05?2013) downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi *** TASK COMPLETE *** [root@pxe ~]#
2.?修復debian/ubuntu系統安裝選項支持包? 1 2 3 4 # vi /etc/debmirror.conf 說明：前提是安裝debmirror pykickstart這兩個包，注釋掉如下兩行。 #@dists="sid"; #@arches="i386";
3.?cobbler?check效驗環境? 1 2 3 4 [root@pxe ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1?: service dhcpd?is?not running Restart cobblerd and then run?'cobbler sync'?to apply changes.
4.?按上文校驗提示操作修復? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 [root@pxe ~]# cobbler sync task started:?2013-12-15_192432_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Dec?15?19:24:32?2013) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/etc removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0?-> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches rendering Rsync files running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: 正在啟動 dhcpd：[確定] received on stderr: running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** [root@pxe ~]#
說明：本節在前面已經考慮過cobbler?check的錯誤提示了，大部分處理了。?
5.?重啟cobblerd?與xinetd服務? 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@pxe ~]# service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon:?????????????????????????????????? [確定] Starting cobbler daemon:?????????????????????????????????? [確定] [root@pxe ~]# service xinetd restart 停止 xinetd：????????????????????????????????????????????? [確定] 正在啟動 xinetd：????????????????????????????????????????? [確定]
六、導入linux?ISO安裝鏡像? 1.?掛載ISO光盤鏡像? 1 # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
2.?開始導入光盤鏡像? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 # cobbler?import?--path=/mnt --arch=x86_64 --name=Centos-5.9 task started:?2013-12-15_193916_import task started (id=Media?import, time=Sun Dec?15?19:39:16?2013) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64: creating?new?distro: Centos-5.9-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos-5.9-x86_64 creating?new?profile: Centos-5.9-x86_64 creating?new?distro: Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 creating?new?profile: Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 associating repos checking?for?rsync repo(s) checking?for?rhn repo(s) checking?for?yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64?for?Centos-5.9-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 received on stdout: Spawning worker?0?with?3579?pkgs Worker?0: .......... ... 略.... .......... Worker?0: Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete received on stderr: starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64?for?Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 looking?for?/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml *** TASK COMPLETE ***
說明:?cobbler將鏡像拷貝一份放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirrors/CentOS-5.9-x86_64目錄下。???
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 [root@pxe kickstarts]# cobbler list distros: Centos-5.9-x86_64 Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 profiles: Centos-5.9-x86_64 Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 systems: repos: images: mgmtclasses: packages: files:
七、修改安裝更改kickstart文件? 1.?相關知識內容? 說明：???
1 2 3 4 # cobbler distro list Centos-5.9-x86_64 Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 #
2.?手動創建自定義新的kickstart文件? 1 vi /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 install text cdrom lang zh_CN.UTF-8 keyboard us reboot url --url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname oa rootpw --iscrypted $1$H0bnNoWM$HE1R/mWv6LqbhUGI8Xw/t. firewall --disabled authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5 selinux --disabled timezone Asia/Shanghai bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="rhgb quiet" # The following?is?the partition information you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed # here so unless you clear all partitions first,?this?is # not guaranteed to work clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200?--asprimary part swap --size=2048 part / --fstype ext3 --size=200?--grow %packages @admin-tools @base @chinese-support @core @development-libs @development-tools @dialup @editors @gnome-desktop @games @graphical-internet @graphics @java @legacy-software-development @legacy-software-support @office @printing @sound-and-video @text-internet @base-x system-config-kickstart kexec-tools iscsi-initiator-utils fipscheck squashfs-tools device-mapper-multipath sgpio imake emacs libsane-hpaio xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-server-Xnest xorg-x11-server-Xvfb %post service sendmail stop
?
3.?修改profile指定新的KS啟動文件，按角色進行分類? 說明???
1 # cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks
示例：???
1 2 # cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 --distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9-xen.ks # cobbler profile add --name=Centos-5.9-half-auto --distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9-halfauto.ks
如圖所示：?
4.?更改profile名稱 1 # cobbler profile rename --name=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --newname=CentOS-5U9-x64
5.?刪除profile配置，需要刪除的profile名稱為Centos-5.9-x86_64，刪除后，安裝啟動菜單相關項消失。 1 # cobbler profile remove --name=Centos-5.9-x86_64
?
八、添加指定客戶機系統配置到Cobbler 1.?指定一個網段使用特定的裝機配置
1 cobbler system add --name=test_000 --ip=192.168.1.0/24?--profile=Centos-5.9-x86_64
?
2.?添加一個指定服務器的裝機配置 指定服務器的mac地址，并設置好主機名、IP地址等信息，需要提示知道服務器MAC地址，根據MAC應用到具體機器上。????
1 2 還可以指定ks參數。--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks cobbler system add --name=test_001 --hostname=test_001 --mac=00:0C:29:E3:81:32?--interface=eth0 --ip-address=192.168.1.123?--subnet=255.255.255.0?--gateway=192.168.1.1?--static=1?--profile=Centos-5.9-x86_64
3.?修改system配置? 機器IP地址變更為192.168.10.110????
1 cobbler system add --name=test_001 --ip=192.168.1.110
變更system配置名稱???
1 cobbler system rename --name=test001 --newname=abc
4.?刪除system配置? 需要刪除的profile名稱為test_001???
1 cobbler system remove --name=test_001
5.?查看定義的系統列表 ?
1 2 cobbler system list test_001
九、安裝客戶端操作系統? (1)?通過網卡pxe啟動 (2)?自動完成安裝? ?
十、重裝客戶端操作系統? 1 2 wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -ivh koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm
查看cobbler?server上的配置文件，對于centos5.x?的系統koan不能采用yum安裝，否則會因python版本過低而報錯。
1 # koan --server=192.168.1.10?--list=profiles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 - looking?for?Cobbler at http://192.168.1.10/cobbler_api - reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64 install_tree: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 downloading initrd initrd.img to /boot/initrd.img url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img - reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img downloading kernel vmlinuz to /boot/vmlinuz url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz - reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz - ['/sbin/grubby',?'--add-kernel',?'/boot/vmlinuz',?'--initrd',?'/boot/initrd.img',?'--args',?'"ks=http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64 ksdevice=link kssendmac lang= text "',?'--copy-default',?'--make-default',?'--title=kick1387098833'] - reboot to apply changes
reboot重啟服務器后，客戶端服務器會自動重新安裝操作系統?
本文出自 “koumm的linux技術博客” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://koumm.blog.51cto.com/703525/1340852
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