寫在前面：本文是對2016年英語一考研真題4篇閱讀的整理。

文章目錄

• • • 2016年英語一真題
    • • Text1 時尚界審美的變化
      • • 詞匯積累
        • 句子積累
      • Text2 英國鄉村需要保護
      • • 詞匯積累
        • 句子積累
      • Text3 企業的社會責任（CSR）
      • • 詞匯積累
        • 句子積累
      • Text4 紐約時報停止印刷紙質版？
      • • 詞匯積累
        • 句子積累

2016年英語一真題

Text1 時尚界審美的變化

詞匯積累

preliminary 初步的

incite 激起

uplifting (在道德、文化等方面)進行提升的

tape-measure 皮尺，卷尺

個人價值 individual worth

impinge on 對…有明顯作用(或影響);妨礙;侵犯

記憶技巧：im 進入 + ping 系緊 + e → 緊迫進入 → 侵犯

時尚界 fashion industry

年輕女孩 teenage girls

arbiter 仲裁者，裁決人
faintly adv. 淡淡;隱約地;有氣無力地;

無形的品質：intangible quality

adornment 裝飾

physique 體形，體格 英 [f??zi?k] 重音在后！！！

提倡極端節食：promoting extreme dieting

煽動過度瘦身：incite excessive thinness

確定自己的個人價值：determine their individual worth

社會尺度： social tape-measure （tape-measure 是卷尺的意思）

wasp waist黃蜂腰， 細腰 n.a very slender waist

理想化的身材：idealized body types

追求外在物質裝飾：focusing on material adornment

句子積累

【1】The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

翻譯：議會還同意禁止那些通過提倡極端節食“煽動過度瘦身”的網站。

【2】Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.
翻譯：這些措施有幾種積極的目的。

【3】 They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls ,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

翻譯：他們建議，美麗不應該以影響健康的外表來定義。它告訴時尚界必須對它向女性，尤其是少女發出的信號負責，她們必須用社會尺度來確定自己的個人價值。

【4】 The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly ,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

翻譯：這些禁令，如果得到充分執行，將向女性（和許多男性）建議，他們不應該讓別人來評判自己的美麗。或許還有些微弱地暗示人們應該關注諸如性格和智力等無形的品質，而不是節食到零碼或黃蜂腰的身材。
補充look to：寄望;指望;依靠;考慮;預想;展望

【5】 The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.

翻譯：時裝業知道，它有一個固有的問題，即注重物質裝飾和理想化的體型。

Text2 英國鄉村需要保護

本文選擇 衛報 2014年11月5日文章 : Is Ukip the Only Party That Cares about the British Countryside? (獨立黨是唯一關心英國鄉村的政黨嗎？)

詞匯積累

???endorse this sentiment【支持這種觀點】
消費 consume 放在這里的目的是學詞根 sum拿，取

記憶技巧：con 加強 + sum 拿，取 + e → 拿完 → 消費

poll 民調

rate as 認為，評價為

green belt 綠化帶

居民 dweller

pressure n.催促，強迫，呼吁，（沒有翻譯成壓力，算是熟詞僻義吧！）

endorse 贊同，支持

sentiment 觀點，看法

conservation 保護

plead v請求
considered 經過深思熟慮的

side with 和……站在一邊

strike terror into 使某人膽戰心驚

off-plan 計劃外

sensible 明智的，合理的

identity v（經考慮）確定

英國政治： Conservatives 保守黨；Labour 工黨；The Liberal Democrats 自由民主黨；Ukip 獨立黨

meadow /medou/ 草地

lobby 游說團體

high streets 商業街（指市鎮商業區的主要街道

stick to 緊跟，緊隨，沿著

enviable 英 [?envi?bl] 令人羨慕的，讓人嫉妒的

retain 保持

let rip 自由自在地行動 ，肆意

休閑的空間：spaces for leisure

呼吸新鮮空氣 experience a refreshing air

需要持續保護：needs constant guardianship

……的建立 the creation of national parks

發展重于保護：gives rural development priority over conservation

句子積累

【1】While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Services(NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

翻譯：雖然民調顯示，英國人把“鄉村”與王室、莎士比亞和國民保健制度（NHS）作為他們國家最自豪的地方，但這一點在政治上的支持率有限。

【2】A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was especially to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressures【呼吁】 later let to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes【混凝土消耗，】 more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

翻譯：一個世紀前，Octavia Hill成立了國民信托基金（民間組織），目的不是拯救時髦的房屋，而是為了“永遠為每個人保留自然之美”。它特別為城市居民提供休閑空間，讓他們可以體驗“清新的空氣”。希爾的呼吁后來促使國家公園和綠化帶的建立。他們不再建設鄉村，混凝土每年消耗更多。鄉村需要持續的保護。

【3】At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to ???endorse this sentiment【支持這種觀點】.The Conservative’s planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation【保護】,even authorizing “off-plan” building 【批準計劃外建設】where local people might object.Only Ukip ,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading【呼吁】 for a more considered approach【更周全的方式】 to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

翻譯：在下一次選舉中，似乎沒有哪個大黨會贊同這種觀點。那個保守黨的規劃改革明確將農村發展置于保護之上，甚至批準在當地居民可能反對的地方進行“計劃外”建設。僅英國獨立黨（Ukip）察覺到了這個機會，站在了那些呼吁采取一種更為慎重的方式來利用綠色陸地一邊。其保護英格蘭農村地區的運動使當地許多保守黨膽戰心驚。

【4】 The sensible place to build new houses,factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place【準備就緒的】. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified【確定】 enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

翻譯：建造新房子、工廠和辦公室的明智之地是人們在的地方，在基礎設施完善的城鎮。倫敦地產經紀商斯特林·阿克羅伊德（stirling ackroyd）最近確認，僅在倫敦地區，就有足夠50萬套房屋的選址，而且不會對綠化帶造成任何干擾。倫敦都如此在各省更是如此。

【5】The idea that “housing crisis” equal “concrete meadows【用混凝土澆筑的草地】” is pure lobby talk【游說團體的說辭】. The issue is not the need for more houses but ,as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favors rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal【支持新建房子而非城市翻新或者改造】. He favors out-of-town shopping sites against high streets【商業街】.This is not a free market but a biased one【有偏好的地方】. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges【建筑緊貼城鄉的邊界】 and respects their character.

翻譯：
“住房危機”等同于“水泥草地”的觀點純屬游說。問題不是需要更多的房子，而是一如既往地，把它們放在哪里。在游說團體的壓力下，喬治·奧斯本支持農村新建，而不是城市改造和翻新。他支持郊外的購物場所而不是商業街。這個不是自由市場，而是一個有偏好的市場。農村城鎮和鄉村已經發展并將永遠發展。在建筑緊貼邊緣并尊重其個性的地方，他們做得最好。

Text3 企業的社會責任（CSR）

詞匯積累

A Nobel prize winning economist 諾貝爾經濟學獎獲得者

designed to 旨在……【翻譯題真題考過！！！】

clear-cut 一目了然的，清晰的，明顯的

prosecute 英 [?pr?s?kju?t] v.起訴;控告;

記憶技巧：pro 向前，在前 + secu 追隨 + te → 追隨你到〔法院〕門前 → 檢舉；指控

rule out the possibility that 排除…的可能性

lenient 英 [?li?ni?nt] adj.(懲罰或執法時)寬大的，寬容的，仁慈的

名詞形式：leniency仁慈，寬大

stand：立場

whereas 盡管， 放在句子中就是though ，表轉折

merit：美德，優點；PHRASE 根據事物本身的情況(來評價)

evaluate a case based on its merits 根據案情（案子本身的情況）來評價

賄賂外國官員 bribe foreign officials

increasing corporate giving by about 20% 將企業捐贈增加約20%

diffuse彌漫的;擴散的;難解的;冗長的;啰唆的

記憶技巧：dif 分開 + fus 流，瀉；融化 + e → 分流 → 散播

光環效應：halo effect
whereby：憑此，借以；由于

贏得更多的關注：earn it greater consideration

句子積累

【0】And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby【憑此，借以；由于】 its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

翻譯：第三，通過更廣泛的“光環效應”，它的善行贏得了消費者和其他人更多的關注。

【1】“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”, wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”

翻譯：諾貝爾經濟學獎獲得者米爾頓·弗里德曼寫道：“企業有一種而且只有一種社會責任，那就是利用企業資源，從事旨在增加利潤的活動。”

筆者注：學過經濟學的人應該聽過弗里德曼這個人，太有名了。

【2】The study found that, among prosecuted firms【被起訴的公司】, those with the most comprehensive CSR( Corporate Social Responsibility) programmes tended to get more lenient penalties【更加仁慈的處罰】. Their analysis ruled out the possibility【排除……的可能性】 that it was firm’s political influence ,rather than their CSR stand【立場】, that accounted for the leniency : Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

翻譯：

研究發現，在被起訴的公司中，那些擁有最全面的企業社會責任（CSR）計劃的公司往往會受到更為寬松的處罰。他們的分析排除了可能是公司的政治影響力，而不是企業的社會責任立場，才導致了這一寬大處理：對政治活動貢獻更多的公司并沒有得到較低的罰款。

說人話：Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence ,rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency 就是 rather than 后面的 東西 導致了 處罰時候的寬大處理。

【3】 In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors【檢察官】 should only evaluate a case based on its merits【merit本身的情況】, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% rusults in fines that are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.”

翻譯

總之，這項研究的結論是，盡管檢察官只應根據案情來評估案件，但他們似乎確實受到公司在CRS中的記錄的影響。”我們估計，要么消除一個實質性的勞工權益問題，比如童工問題，要么將企業捐贈增加約20%，有這兩種行為的公司中因賄賂外國官員的案件要交的罰款比典型懲罰低40%。”

Text4 紐約時報停止印刷紙質版？

詞匯積累

Nostalgia 懷舊

rustle 發出輕輕的摩擦聲，發出沙沙聲;n沙沙聲

dwarf 阻礙

印刷版 print edition

overhead：經常費用;經常開支adj 頭上方的;地面以上的

circulation：發行量；流通，傳遞

加速轉型： accelerate that transition

discontinue 停止，終止；終止（生產）

blunder：愚蠢的錯誤

這次（商業等）行動很有遠見：The move turned out to be foresighted

be in charge：負責

去買他們支持的東西：get the product they favor

維持…的質量 sustain the quality of

句子積累

【1】There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint【新聞紙】.

【2】Nostalgia【懷舊，懷念】 for ink on paper and the rustle【沙沙聲】 of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.
分析:轉折句

翻譯：

盡管有對紙上墨水和書頁的沙沙聲的懷念，但仍有很多動機放棄印刷。

停止印刷： ditch print = cease to publish stories on newsprint.

【3】And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterpart, revenue from print is still declining.

盡管印刷廣告收入仍然阻止了線上和移動端的競爭對手，但是印刷報紙的收入還是在下降。

【4】Overhead【經常費用;經常開支】 may be high and circulation【發行量】 lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

翻譯：BuzzFeed首席執行官喬納?佩雷蒂（JonahPeretti）表示，管理費用可能較高，發行量較低，但匆忙取消印刷版將是一個錯誤。

circulation的補充：

circulation[C, usually sing.] （報刊）發行量，銷售量
the usual number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each day, week, etc.
a daily circulation of more than one million
日發行量超過一百萬份

【5】Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.

翻譯：想出一種加速轉型的方法對他們來說是有意義的，但如果你停止這種轉變，你會讓你最忠實的客戶對你非常不滿

【6】Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. It was seen as a blunder【愚蠢的錯誤】. The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?

翻譯：佩雷蒂舉了Netflix停止其DVD郵寄服務以專注于流媒體的例子。這被認為是一個錯誤。結果是有遠見。而且如果佩雷蒂是紐約時報的負責人呢（他會怎么做）？

【7】The most loyal costumers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.

翻譯：最忠誠的顧客仍然會去買他們喜歡的產品，他們會覺得他們在幫助維持他們所信仰的東西的質量。

【8】But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.

但我們會遇到這樣的問題：當市場變化和世界變化時，我們在做的事情在哪里沒有意義。在這種情況下，更具侵略性比保守要好。【筆者注：聯系全文，這句話是說Peretti的公司也可能遇到和紐約時報關于不印刷紙質版報紙一樣的情況，也會出現在某一方面出力是沒有效果的情況】

總結

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