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白话Elasticsearch23-深度探秘搜索技术之通过ngram分词机制实现index-time搜索推荐

發布時間：2025/3/21 编程问答 23 豆豆

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文章目錄

概述
官網
什么是ngram
什么是edge ngram
ngram和index-time搜索推薦原理
例子

概述

繼續跟中華石杉老師學習ES，第23篇

課程地址： https://www.roncoo.com/view/55

官網

NGram Tokenizer：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-ngram-tokenizer.html

NGram Token Filter:
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-ngram-tokenfilter.html

Edge NGram Tokenizer:
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-edgengram-tokenizer.html

Edge NGram Token Filter：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-edgengram-tokenfilter.html

什么是ngram

假設有個單詞quick，5種長度下的ngram

ngram length=1，會被拆成 q u i c k ngram length=2，會被拆成 qu ui ic ck ngram length=3，會被拆成 qui uic ick ngram length=4，會被拆成 quic uick ngram length=5，會被拆成 quick

其中任意一個被拆分的部分就被稱為ngram 。

什么是edge ngram

quick，anchor首字母后進行ngram

q qu qui quic quick

上述拆分方式就被稱為edge ngram

使用edge ngram將每個單詞都進行進一步的分詞切分，用切分后的ngram來實現前綴搜索推薦功能

舉個例子兩個doc
doc1 hello world
doc2 hello we

使用edge ngram拆分

h
he
hel
hell
hello -------> 可以匹配 doc1,doc2

w -------> 可以匹配 doc1,doc2
wo
wor
worl
world
e ---------> 可以匹配 doc2

使用hello w去搜索

hello --> hello，doc1
w --> w，doc1

doc1中hello和w，而且position也匹配，所以，ok，doc1返回，hello world

ngram和index-time搜索推薦原理

搜索的時候，不用再根據一個前綴，然后掃描整個倒排索引了，而是簡單的拿前綴去倒排索引中匹配即可，如果匹配上了，那么就好了，就和match query全文檢索一樣

例子

PUT /my_index {"settings": {"analysis": {"filter": {"autocomplete_filter": { "type": "edge_ngram","min_gram": 1,"max_gram": 20}},"analyzer": {"autocomplete": {"type": "custom","tokenizer": "standard","filter": ["lowercase","autocomplete_filter" ]}}}} }

helloworld
設置

min ngram = 1 max ngram = 3

使用edge_ngram ，則會被拆分為一下 ,

h he hel

知識點： autocomplete

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-analyzer.html

GET /my_index/_analyze {"analyzer": "autocomplete","text": "helll world" }

設置mapping , 查詢的時候還是使用standard

PUT /my_index/_mapping/my_type {"properties": {"title": {"type": "text","analyzer": "autocomplete","search_analyzer": "standard"}} }

造數據

PUT /my_index/my_type/1 {"content":"hello Jack" }PUT /my_index/my_type/2 {"content":"hello John" }PUT /my_index/my_type/3 {"content":"hello Jose" }

查詢

GET /my_index/my_type/_search {"query": {"match": {"content": "hello J"}} }

{"took": 7,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": 0.2876821,"hits": [{"_index": "my_index","_type": "my_type","_id": "2","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"content": "hello John"}},{"_index": "my_index","_type": "my_type","_id": "1","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"content": "hello Jack"}},{"_index": "my_index","_type": "my_type","_id": "3","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"content": "hello Jose"}}]} }