前言：在學習mysql備份的時候，深深的感受到mysql的備份還原功能沒有oracle強大；比如一個很常見的恢復場景：基于時間點的恢復，oracle通過rman工具就能夠很快的實現數據庫的恢復，但是mysql在進行不完全恢復的時候很大的一部分要依賴于mysqlbinlog這個工具運行binlog語句來實現，本文檔介紹通過mysqlbinlog實現各種場景的恢復； 一、測試環境說明：使用mysqlbinlog工具的前提需要一個數據庫的完整性備份，所以需要事先對數據庫做一個完整的備份，本文檔通過mysqlbackup進行數據庫的全備 　二、測試步驟說明： 數據庫的插入準備工作 2.1 在時間點A進行一個數據庫的完整備份； 2.2 在時間點B創建一個數據庫BKT,并在BKT下面創建一個表JOHN，并插入5條數據； 2.3 在時間點C往表JOHN繼續插入數據到10條； 數據庫的恢復工作 2.4 恢復數據庫到時間點A,然后檢查數據庫表的狀態； 2.5 恢復數據庫到時間點B,檢查相應的系統狀態； 2.6 恢復數據庫到時間點C，并檢查恢復的狀態； 三、場景模擬測試步驟（備份恢復是一件很重要的事情） 3.1 執行數據庫的全備份； [root@mysql01 backup]# mysqlbackup --user=root --password --backup-dir=/backup backup-and-apply-log //運行數據庫的完整備份 3.2 創建數據庫、表并插入數據

mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:51:27 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; //尚未創建數據庫BKT +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | john | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> Ctrl-C -- Aborted [root@mysql02 data]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | | | //當前數據庫log的pos狀態 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //當前的時間戳 當前時間點A +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:54:12 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create database BKT; //創建數據庫BKT Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> create table john (id varchar(32)); ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected mysql> use bkt; ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database \'bkt\' mysql> use BKT; Database changed mysql> create table john (id varchar(32)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'1\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'2\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'3\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'4\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'5\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //插入5條數據后數據庫的時間點B，記錄該點便于數據庫的恢復 +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:55:53 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1204 | | | //當前binlog的pos位置 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 設置時間點C的測試

mysql> insert into john values(\'6\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'7\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'8\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'9\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into john values(\'10\'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 2125 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; +---------------------+ | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +---------------------+ | 2014-11-26 17:58:08 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 以上的操作完成之后，便可以執行數據庫的恢復測試

[root@mysql02 data]# mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back MySQL Enterprise Backup version 3.11.0 Linux-3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64-x86_64 [2014/08/26] Copyright (c) 2003, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting with following command line ... mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back mysqlbackup: INFO: IMPORTANT: Please check that mysqlbackup run completes successfully. At the end of a successful \'copy-back\' run mysqlbackup prints \"mysqlbackup completed OK!\". 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /backup/meta/MEB_2014-11-26.17-59-58_copy_back.log -------------------------------------------------------------------- Server Repository Options: -------------------------------------------------------------------- datadir = /data/mysql innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/ innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 5242880 innodb_page_size = Null innodb_checksum_algorithm = none -------------------------------------------------------------------- Backup Config Options: -------------------------------------------------------------------- datadir = /backup/datadir innodb_data_home_dir = /backup/datadir innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /backup/datadir innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 5242880 innodb_page_size = 16384 innodb_checksum_algorithm = none mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation starts with following threads 1 read-threads 1 write-threads mysqlbackup: INFO: Could not find binlog index file. If this is online backup then server may not have started with --log-bin. Hence, binlogs will not be copied for this backup. Point-In-Time-Recovery will not be possible. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying /backup/datadir/ibdata1. mysqlbackup: Progress in MB: 200 400 600 141126 18:00:22 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'john\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'mysql\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'performance_schema\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Completing the copy of all non-innodb files. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile0\' 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile1\' 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating server config files server-my.cnf and server-all.cnf in /data/mysql 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation completed successfully. 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Finished copying backup files to \'/data/mysql\' mysqlbackup completed //數據庫恢復完成

授權并打開數據庫 [root@mysql02 data]# chmod -R 777 mysql //需要授權后才能打開 [root@mysql02 data]# cd mysql [root@mysql02 mysql]# ll 總用量 733220

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 305 11月 26 18:00 backup_variables.txt -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 740294656 11月 26 18:00 ibdata1 -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile0 -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile1 drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 john drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 mysql drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 performance_schema -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8488 11月 26 18:00 server-all.cnf -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1815 11月 26 18:00 server-my.cnf //沒有BKT數據庫 [root@mysql02 mysql]# service mysqld start //啟動數據庫

3.5 進行數據庫的恢復到時間點B [root@mysql02 mysql2]# pwd //備份的時候，需要備份binlog日志，之前的binlog目錄為/data/mysql2 /data/mysql2 [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 --stop-position=1203 mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p //根據post的位置進行恢復，當前的pos位置為107，恢復到pos位置到1203

Enter password: [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | BKT | | john | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> use BKT Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_BKT | +---------------+ | john | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from john; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | +------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看數據庫恢復成功

3.6 恢復數據庫到時間點C

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p123456 //本次通過基于時間點的恢復，恢復到時間點C Warning: Using unique option prefix start-date instead of start-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead. Warning: Using unique option prefix stop-date instead of stop-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | BKT | | john | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use BKT Database changed mysql> select * from john; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | | 6 | | 7 | | 8 | | 9 | | 10 | +------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) //經過檢查成功恢復到時間點C

　四、mysqlbinlog的其他總結：以上是利用binlog文件進行基于時間點和binlog的POS位置恢復的測試，mysqlbinlog的使用還有很多功能，運行mysqlbinlog --help可以查看相應參數； 4.1 查看binlog的內容：[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001 4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用參數： -h ?根據數據庫的IP -P ?根據數據庫所占用的端口來分 -server-id 根據數據庫serverid來還原（在集群中很有用） -d ?根據數據庫名稱 例如： [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog -d BKT mysql-bin.000001 //還原BKT數據庫的信息 最新內容請見作者的GitHub頁：http://qaseven.github.io/

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