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Java多线程：捕获线程异常

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2025/3/21 java 15 豆豆

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你處理過多線程中的異常嗎？如何捕獲多線程中發(fā)生的異常？捕獲子線程的異常與捕獲當(dāng)前線程的異常一樣簡單嗎？

除了try catch。Java中還可以通過異常處理器UncaughtExceptionHandler來處理那些未捕獲的異常。

# 在當(dāng)前線程捕獲當(dāng)前線程發(fā)生的異常:

/***?@author?futao*?@date?2020/6/17*/ @Slf4j public?class?ExceptionInCurThread?{public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{try?{throw?new?RuntimeException("在主線程拋出異常，在主線程捕獲");}?catch?(RuntimeException?e)?{log.error("捕獲到異常",?e);}} }

結(jié)果:

結(jié)論：在當(dāng)前線程通過try catch可以捕獲當(dāng)前線程拋出的異常。

# 可以在當(dāng)前通過try catch的方式捕獲其他線程拋出的異常嗎?'

/***?@author?喜歡天文的pony站長*?Created?on?2020/6/16.*/ public?class?ExceptionInChildThread?implements?Runnable?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("子線程發(fā)生了異常...");}/***?模擬子線程發(fā)生異常**?@throws?InterruptedException*/private?static?void?exceptionThread()?throws?InterruptedException?{new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);}/***?在主線程嘗試通過try?catch捕獲異常*/private?static?void?catchInMain()?{try?{exceptionThread();}?catch?(Exception?e)?{//無法捕獲發(fā)生在其他線程中的異常log.error("捕獲到了異常?",?e);}}public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{ExceptionInChildThread.catchInMain();}}

(錯誤的)預(yù)期:
- 在運(yùn)行第一個(gè)線程的時(shí)候發(fā)生了異常，被catch捕獲，打印捕獲到了異常?和異常堆棧且后面的線程將不會運(yùn)行。
實(shí)際運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
- 并不符合預(yù)期。
- 沒有被try catch捕獲。
- 后續(xù)的線程沒有因?yàn)榈谝粋€(gè)線程發(fā)生異常而跳過。

結(jié)論:
- 無法在一個(gè)線程中通過try catch捕獲另外一個(gè)線程的異常。

# 解決方案

在每個(gè)線程內(nèi)部run()方法內(nèi)通過try catch捕獲當(dāng)前線程發(fā)生的異常。

缺點(diǎn)：每個(gè)線程都需要編寫重復(fù)的try catch 代碼

使用線程異常處理器UncaughtExceptionHandler

給所有線程設(shè)置統(tǒng)一的異常處理器
給每個(gè)線程設(shè)置特定的異常處理器
給線程組設(shè)置異常處理器
給線程池設(shè)置異常處理器
- 因?yàn)榫€程池也是通過new Thread()的方式創(chuàng)建的線程，所以思想與上面兩種方法一致。
- 注意：execute()與submit()方式對????異常處理的不同。

# 在線程內(nèi)部run()通過try catch捕獲異常

/***?@author?喜歡天文的pony站長*?Created?on?2020/6/16.*/ @Slf4j public?class?ExceptionInChildThread?implements?Runnable?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{try?{//do?something?else...throw?new?RuntimeException("子線程發(fā)生了異常...");}?catch?(Exception?e)?{log.error("在線程內(nèi)部捕獲異常",?e);}}/***?模擬子線程發(fā)生異常**?@throws?InterruptedException*/private?static?void?exceptionThread()?throws?InterruptedException?{new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);}/***?在主線程嘗試通過try?catch捕獲異常*/private?static?void?catchInMain()?{try?{exceptionThread();}?catch?(Exception?e)?{//無法捕獲發(fā)生在其他線程中的異常log.error("捕獲到了異常?",?e);}}public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{ExceptionInChildThread.catchInMain();} }

結(jié)果:
- 成功在子線程內(nèi)部run()方法捕獲到了異常

# 使用線程異常處理器UncaughtExceptionHandler

當(dāng)一個(gè)線程由于未捕獲異常而退出時(shí)，JVM會把這個(gè)事件報(bào)告給應(yīng)用程序提供的UncaughtExceptionHandler異常處理器

自定義線程異常處理器

/***?自定義線程未捕獲異常處理器**?@author?futao*?@date?2020/6/17*/ public?class?CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler?implements?Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler?{private?static?final?Logger?LOGGER?=?LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler.class);@Overridepublic?void?uncaughtException(Thread?t,?Throwable?e)?{LOGGER.error("捕獲到線程發(fā)生的異常，線程信息:[{}]",?JSON.toJSONString(t),?e);} }

使用:

1. 全局:

Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler());
- 通過調(diào)用Thread的靜態(tài)方法setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()，設(shè)置Thread的靜態(tài)屬性defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler.為我們自定義的異常處理器。
- 源碼:

測試:

/***?@author?喜歡天文的pony站長*?Created?on?2020/6/16.*/ @Slf4j public?class?ExceptionInChildThread?implements?Runnable?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("子線程發(fā)生了異常...");}/***?模擬子線程發(fā)生異常**?@throws?InterruptedException*/private?static?void?exceptionThread()?throws?InterruptedException?{new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);}public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{//設(shè)置全局的線程異常處理器Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new?CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler());exceptionThread();} }

結(jié)果: 成功捕獲

2. 為指定線程設(shè)置特定的異常處理器

細(xì)心的同學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了，在上面Thread類的截圖中，還有一個(gè)實(shí)例屬性private volatile UncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtExceptionHandler;。通過給這個(gè)屬性賦值，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)為每個(gè)線程對象設(shè)置不同的異常處理器。
測試使用

/***?@author?喜歡天文的pony站長*?Created?on?2020/6/16.*/ @Slf4j public?class?ExceptionInChildThread?implements?Runnable?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("子線程發(fā)生了異常...");}/***?模擬子線程發(fā)生異常**?@throws?InterruptedException*/private?static?void?exceptionThread()?throws?InterruptedException?{Thread?thread1?=?new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread());//為指定線程設(shè)置特定的異常處理器thread1.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new?CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler());thread1.start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);new?Thread(new?ExceptionInChildThread()).start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);}public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{exceptionThread();} }

結(jié)果: 成功捕獲線程1的異常信息

3. 線程組

/***?@author?futao*?@date?2020/6/20*/ @Slf4j public?class?ExceptionInThreadGroup?implements?Runnable?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("線程任務(wù)發(fā)生了異常");}public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{ThreadGroup?threadGroup?=?new?ThreadGroup("只知道拋出異常的線程組...")?{@Overridepublic?void?uncaughtException(Thread?t,?Throwable?e)?{super.uncaughtException(t,?e);log.error("線程組內(nèi)捕獲到線程[{},{}]異常",?t.getId(),?t.getName(),?e);}};ExceptionInThreadGroup?exceptionInThreadGroup?=?new?ExceptionInThreadGroup();new?Thread(threadGroup,?exceptionInThreadGroup,?"線程1").start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300L);//優(yōu)先獲取綁定在thread對象上的異常處理器Thread?thread?=?new?Thread(threadGroup,?exceptionInThreadGroup,?"線程2");thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new?CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler());thread.start();TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300L);new?Thread(threadGroup,?exceptionInThreadGroup,?"線程3").start();} }

結(jié)果:

4. 線程池

/***?@author?futao*?@date?2020/6/17*/ public?class?CatchThreadPoolException?{public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{ThreadPoolExecutor?threadPoolExecutor?=?new?ThreadPoolExecutor(2,4,1L,TimeUnit.MINUTES,new?LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1024),new?ThreadFactory()?{@Overridepublic?Thread?newThread(Runnable?r)?{Thread?thread?=?new?Thread(r);//設(shè)置線程異常處理器thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new?CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler());return?thread;}});threadPoolExecutor.execute(new?Runnable()?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("execute()發(fā)生異常");}});threadPoolExecutor.submit(new?Runnable()?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("submit.run()發(fā)生異常");}});threadPoolExecutor.submit(new?Callable<String>()?{@Overridepublic?String?call()?throws?Exception?{throw?new?RuntimeException("submit.call()發(fā)生異常");}});threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();} }

結(jié)果: 并不符合預(yù)期，預(yù)期應(yīng)該捕獲三個(gè)異常
- 只捕獲到了通過execute()提交的任務(wù)的異常
- 沒有捕獲到通過submit()提交的任務(wù)的異常
通過afterExecute()捕獲submit()任務(wù)的異常
- 通過submit()方法的源碼可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，submit()是將runnable()封裝成了RunnableFuture<Void>，并最終調(diào)用execute(ftask);執(zhí)行。

/***?@author?futao*?@date?2020/6/17*/ @Slf4j public?class?CatchThreadPoolException?{public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException,?ExecutionException?{ThreadPoolExecutor?threadPoolExecutor?=?new?ThreadPoolExecutor(2,4,1L,TimeUnit.MINUTES,new?LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1024),new?ThreadFactory()?{@Overridepublic?Thread?newThread(Runnable?r)?{Thread?thread?=?new?Thread(r);//設(shè)置線程異常處理器thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new?CustomThreadUncaughtExceptionHandler());return?thread;}})?{/***?捕獲{@code?FutureTask<?>}拋出的異常**?@param?r*?@param?t*/@Overrideprotected?void?afterExecute(Runnable?r,?Throwable?t)?{super.afterExecute(r,?t);if?(r?instanceof?FutureTask<?>)?{try?{//get()的時(shí)候會將異常內(nèi)的異常拋出((FutureTask<?>)?r).get();}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{e.printStackTrace();Thread.currentThread().interrupt();}?catch?(ExecutionException?e)?{log.error("捕獲到線程的異常返回值",?e);}}//Throwable?t永遠(yuǎn)為null，拿不到異常信息//log.error("afterExecute中捕獲到異常，", t);}};threadPoolExecutor.execute(new?Runnable()?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("execute()發(fā)生異常");}});TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);threadPoolExecutor.submit(new?Runnable()?{@Overridepublic?void?run()?{throw?new?RuntimeException("submit.run()發(fā)生異常");}});TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(200L);threadPoolExecutor.submit(new?Callable<String>()?{@Overridepublic?String?call()?throws?Exception?{throw?new?RuntimeException("submit.call()發(fā)生異常");}}).get();???//get()的時(shí)候會將異常拋出threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();} }

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# 本文源代碼

https://github.com/FutaoSmile/learn-thread/tree/master/src/main/java/com/futao/learn/threads/捕獲線程異常

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