Requests傳遞 URL 參數：

你也許經常想為 URL 的查詢字符串(query string)傳遞某種數據。如果你是手工構建 URL，那么數據會以鍵/值對的形式置于 URL 中，跟在一個問號的后面。例如，http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?key=val。

Requests 允許你使用 params 關鍵字參數，以一個字符串字典來提供這些參數。舉例來說，如果你想傳遞 key1=value1 和 key2=value2 到http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php，那么你可以使用如下代碼：

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

>>> r = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

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實戰操作一下吧：

>>>payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': '接口自動化'}

>>>r = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

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通過打印輸出該 URL，你能看到 URL 已被正確編碼：

>>> print(r.url)

http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes&kw=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

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注意字典里值為 None 的鍵都不會被添加到 URL 的查詢字符串里。

>>>payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': None}

>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)

>>> print(r.url)

http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes

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你還可以將一個列表作為值傳入：

>>> payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': ['接口','自動化']}

>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)

>>> print(r.url)

http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes&kw=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&kw=%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

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完整代碼如下：

import requests

payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': '接口自動化'}

result = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

print(result.url)

payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': None}

result = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

print(result.url)

payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': ['接口','自動化']}

result = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

print(result.url)

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對應結果如下：

http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes&kw=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/s ... sc&searchsubmit=yes

http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/s ... A%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

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有沒有疑問為啥kw后面的漢字變成了%+英文+數字？

這個叫url編碼，這里就不展開細講了可以去這里嘗試一下http://www.jsons.cn/urlencode/

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