你还在使用 try-catch-finally 关闭资源?不太优雅~
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作者:何甜甜在嗎
鏈接:https://juejin.im/post/5b8f9fa05188255c6f1df755
代碼一定得寫的優雅一點!
你還在使用try-catch-finally關閉資源嗎,如果是,那么就有點out了。皮皮甜手把手教你使用JDK7引用的try-with-resource
JDK7之前資源的關閉姿勢:
/*** jdk7以前關閉流的方式** @author hetiantian* */ public class CloseResourceBefore7 {private static final String FileName = "file.txt";public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {FileInputStream inputStream = null;try {inputStream = new FileInputStream(FileName);char c1 = (char) inputStream.read();System.out.println("c1=" + c1);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (inputStream != null) {inputStream.close();}}} }JDK7及以后關閉資源的正確姿勢
try-with-resource Resource的定義:
所有實現了 java.lang.AutoCloseable[1] 接口(其中,它包括實現了 java.io.Closeable[2] 的所有對象),可以使用作為資源。簡單Demo進行證實:實現java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的Resource類:
/*** 資源類** @author hetiantian* */ public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {public void sayHello() {System.out.println("hello");}@Overridepublic void close() throws Exception {System.out.println("Resource is closed");} }測試類CloseResourceIn7.java
/*** jdk7及以后關閉流的方式** @author hetiantian* */ public class CloseResourceIn7 {public static void main(String[] args) {try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {resource.sayHello();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}} }打印結果:
hello Resource is closed當存在多個打開資源的時候:資源二Resource2.java
/*** 資源2** @author hetiantian* */ public class Resource2 implements AutoCloseable {public void sayhello() {System.out.println("Resource say hello");}@Overridepublic void close() throws Exception {System.out.println("Resource2 is closed");} }測試類CloseResourceIn7.java
/*** jdk7及以后關閉流的方式** @author hetiantian* */ public class CloseResourceIn7 {public static void main(String[] args) {try(Resource resource = new Resource(); Resource2 resource2 = new Resource2()) {resource.sayHello();resource2.sayhello();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}} }打印結果:
hello Resource say hello Resource2 is closed Resource is closed即使資源很多,代碼也可以寫的很簡潔,如果用JDK7之前的方式去關閉資源,那么資源越多,用fianl關閉資源時嵌套也就越多。
那么它的底層原理又是怎樣的呢,由皮皮甜獨家揭秘優雅關閉資源背后的密碼秘密
查看編譯的class文件CloseResourceIn7.class:
public class CloseResourceIn7 {public CloseResourceIn7() {}public static void main(String[] args) {try {Resource resource = new Resource();Throwable var2 = null;try {resource.sayHello();} catch (Throwable var12) {var2 = var12;throw var12;} finally {if (resource != null) {if (var2 != null) {try {resource.close();} catch (Throwable var11) {var2.addSuppressed(var11);}} else {resource.close();}}}} catch (Exception var14) {var14.printStackTrace();}} }可以發現編譯以后生成了try-catch-finally語句塊 finally中的var2.addSuppressed(var11);
是不是有疑問?其實這么做是為了處理異常屏蔽的,我們將代碼修改一下。
資源Resource.java
/*** 資源類** @author hetiantian* */ public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {public void sayHello() throws Exception {throw new Exception("Resource throw Exception");}@Overridepublic void close() throws Exception {throw new Exception("Close method throw Exception");} }兩個方法里面都拋出異常
測試類CloseResourceIn7.java
/*** jdk7及以后關閉流的方式** @author hetiantian* */ public class CloseResourceIn7 {public static void main(String[] args) {try {errorTest();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}private static void errorTest() throws Exception {Resource resource = null;try {resource = new Resource();resource.sayHello();}finally {if (resource != null) {resource.close();}}} }打印結果:
java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exceptionat com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:27)at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)只打印了最后出現的異?!井惓F帘巍窟@樣會給開發人員排查錯誤帶來一定的困難 我們換成try-with-resource方法實現CloseResourceIn7.java
/*** jdk7及以后關閉流的方式** @author hetiantian* */ public class CloseResourceIn7 {public static void main(String[] args) {try {errorTest();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}private static void errorTest() throws Exception {try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {resource.sayHello();}} }打印信息:
java.lang.Exception: Resource throw Exceptionat com.shuwen.Resource.sayHello(Resource.java:10)at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:20)at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)Suppressed: java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exceptionat com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:21)... 1 more可以發現,異常信息中多了一個Suppressed的提示,告訴我們這個異常其實由兩個異常組成,Close method throw Exception這個異常是被Suppressed【屏蔽】的異常
怎么樣,是不是很簡單呢,如果學會了話來個在看吧!
參考資料
[1]
java.lang.AutoCloseable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/AutoCloseable.html
[2]java.io.Closeable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Closeable.html
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