使用select多路復用技術的非阻塞模型

select多路復用通常具有很好的跨平臺性，也能提供不錯的并發性能，但是在通常情況下有最大監聽文件描述符的限制(通常1024)，如果不需要達到C10K這種前端高性能服務器的要求，采用select+nonblocking的方式能降低編程的難度

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用到的接口
FD_SETSIZE;
FD_SET(<#fd#>, <#fdsetp#>);
FD_ISSET(<#fd#>, <#fdsetp#>);
FD_ZERO(<#fdsetp#>);
select(<#(int)__nfds#>, <#(fd_set*)__readfds#>, <#(fd_set*)__writefds#>, <#(fd_set*)__exceptfds#>, <#(struct timeval*)__timeout#>)

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//select-nonblocking #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <errno.h> #include <assert.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/select.h>#define MAX_READ_SIZE 20*1024*1024 #define MAX_WRITE_SIZE 20*1024*1024 #define MAX_CHUNCK_SIZE 2*1024*1024 #define KEEP_ALIVE 0/*** a simple server using select * feilengcui008@gmail.com**/void run();int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {run();return 0; }//struct for storing read-write buffer struct fd_state {char buffer[MAX_READ_SIZE];char write_buffer[MAX_WRITE_SIZE];int writing;size_t read_len;size_t written_len;size_t write_upto_len; };//alloc fd_state struct fd_state *alloc_fd_state(void) {struct fd_state *p = (struct fd_state *) malloc(sizeof(struct fd_state));if (!p) return NULL;p->read_len = p->writing = p->written_len = p->write_upto_len = 0;return p; };//free fd_state pointer void free_fd_state(struct fd_state *p) {free(p); }//handle error void error_exit() {perror("errors happen");exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } //set sock non-blocking void made_nonblock(int fd) {if(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)==-1){error_exit();} }//handle read event int do_read(int fd,struct fd_state *state) {char buf[MAX_CHUNCK_SIZE];int i;ssize_t result;while (1){result = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);/*printf("readlen:%d\n",(int)result);fflush(stdout);*/if (result<=0)break;//read buf to fd_state.buffer until "\n"for (int j = 0; j < result; ++j) {if (state->read_len< sizeof(state->buffer))state->buffer[state->read_len++] = buf[j];/*read until "\n"todo:handle the read buffer and set the write bufferif (buf[j]=='\n'){state->writing = 1;state->write_upto_len = state->read_len;break;}*/}}state->writing = 1;state->write_upto_len = state->read_len;//write(1, state->buffer, state->read_len);//nothing readif (result==0){return 1;}if (result<0){//nonblockingif (errno== EAGAIN)return 0;elsereturn -1;}return 0; }int do_write(int fd,struct fd_state *state) {//we borrow the readbuffer just for test//we should have a write buffer to store our http response bodyssize_t result;while (state->written_len<state->write_upto_len){result = send(fd, state->buffer+state->written_len, state->write_upto_len-state->written_len, 0);if (result<=0){break;}state->written_len+=result;}if (state->written_len==state->read_len)state->written_len = state->write_upto_len = state->read_len = 0;state->writing = 0;if (result<0){if (errno== EAGAIN)return 0;elsereturn -1;}if (result==0)return 1;return 0; }void do_select(int serverfd) {//set init fd_statestruct fd_state *state[FD_SETSIZE];for (int i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; ++i) {state[i] = NULL;}fd_set read_set,write_set,error_set;FD_ZERO(&read_set);FD_ZERO(&write_set);FD_ZERO(&error_set);//main loopwhile(1){int maxfd = serverfd;FD_ZERO(&read_set);FD_ZERO(&write_set);FD_ZERO(&error_set);FD_SET(serverfd, &read_set);//server accept operation just alloc the fd_state struct//do_read and do_write just change the fd_state's state//here we add server sock and client socks to fd_set//we don not pass the readset/writeset to do_read or do_write func//so we add read write event here//when use poll,we can direct change the state in do_read and do_write use the events statusfor (int i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; ++i) {if (state[i]){if (i>maxfd){maxfd = i;}FD_SET(i, &read_set);if (state[i]->writing){FD_SET(i, &write_set);}}}//block until event happensif(select(maxfd+1, &read_set, &write_set, &error_set, NULL)<0){error_exit();}// if server becomes readable then accept the client sock// and alloc the client sock stateif(FD_ISSET(serverfd, &read_set)){struct sockaddr_storage ss;socklen_t slen = sizeof(ss);int client = accept(serverfd, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &slen);if(client<0){error_exit();}else if(client> FD_SETSIZE){close(client);}else{made_nonblock(client);state[client] = alloc_fd_state();}}//handle the fd_setfor (int j = 0; j < maxfd + 1; ++j) {int flag = 0;if (j==serverfd) continue;//handle readif (FD_ISSET(j, &read_set)) flag = do_read(j,state[j]);//handle writeif (flag==0&& FD_ISSET(j, &write_set)){flag = do_write(j, state[j]);//no matter what flag is,we close after write opsif(!KEEP_ALIVE){free_fd_state(state[j]);state[j] = NULL;close(j);}}//handle errorif (flag){free_fd_state(state[j]);state[j] = NULL;close(j);}}} }int create_server_socket() {int serverfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if(serverfd<0){error_exit();}int reuse = 1;if (setsockopt(serverfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(reuse))<0){error_exit();}return serverfd; }void run() {int serverfd = create_server_socket();made_nonblock(serverfd);//server sockaddrstruct sockaddr_in sin;sin.sin_family = AF_INET;sin.sin_addr.s_addr = 0;sin.sin_port = htons(8000);if(bind(serverfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin))<0){error_exit();}if(listen(serverfd, 50)<0){error_exit();}do_select(serverfd); }

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