[inspect]模塊提供了一些有用的函數來幫助獲取有關活動對象（如模塊，類，方法，函數，跟蹤，框架對象和代碼對象）的信息。例如，它可以幫助您檢查類的內容，檢索方法的源代碼，提取和格式化函數的參數列表，或獲取顯示詳細追溯所需的所有信息。

這個模塊提供了四種主要的服務：

類型檢查，

獲取源代碼，

檢查類和函數，

以及檢查解釋器堆棧

一、type and members

inspect.``getmembers`(object[, predicate])

第二個參數通常可以根據需要調用如下16個方法；

返回值為object的所有成員，以（name,value）對組成的列表

inspect.ismodule(object)： 是否為模塊

inspect.isclass(object)：是否為類

inspect.ismethod(object)：是否為方法（bound method written in python）

inspect.isfunction(object)：是否為函數(python function, including lambda expression)

inspect.isgeneratorfunction(object)：是否為python生成器函數

inspect.isgenerator(object):是否為生成器

inspect.istraceback(object)： 是否為traceback

inspect.isframe(object)：是否為frame

inspect.iscode(object)：是否為code

inspect.isbuiltin(object)：是否為built-in函數或built-in方法

inspect.isroutine(object)：是否為用戶自定義或者built-in函數或方法

inspect.isabstract(object)：是否為抽象基類

inspect.ismethoddescriptor(object)：是否為方法標識符

inspect.isdatadescriptor(object)：是否為數字標識符，數字標識符有__get__ 和__set__屬性； 通常也有__name__和__doc__屬性

inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object)：是否為getset descriptor

inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object)：是否為member descriptor

inspect的getmembers()方法可以獲取對象（module、class、method等）的如下屬性：

TypeAttributeDescriptionNotes

module	doc	documentation string
	file	filename (missing for built-in modules)
class	doc	documentation string
	module	name of module in which this class was defined
method	doc	documentation string
	name	name with which this method was defined
	im_class	class object that asked for this method	(1)
	im_func or func	function object containing implementation of method
	im_self or self	instance to which this method is bound, or None
function	doc	documentation string
	name	name with which this function was defined
	func_code	code object containing compiled function bytecode
	func_defaults	tuple of any default values for arguments
	func_doc	(same as doc)
	func_globals	global namespace in which this function was defined
	func_name	(same as name)
generator	iter	defined to support iteration over container
	close	raises new GeneratorExit exception inside the generator to terminate the iteration
	gi_code	code object
	gi_frame	frame object or possibly None once the generator has been exhausted
	gi_running	set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
	next	return the next item from the container
	send	resumes the generator and “sends” a value that becomes the result of the current yield-expression
	throw	used to raise an exception inside the generator
traceback	tb_frame	frame object at this level
	tb_lasti	index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
	tb_lineno	current line number in Python source code
	tb_next	next inner traceback object (called by this level)
frame	f_back	next outer frame object (this frame’s caller)
	f_builtins	builtins namespace seen by this frame
	f_code	code object being executed in this frame
	f_exc_traceback	traceback if raised in this frame, or None
	f_exc_type	exception type if raised in this frame, or None
	f_exc_value	exception value if raised in this frame, or None
	f_globals	global namespace seen by this frame
	f_lasti	index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
	f_lineno	current line number in Python source code
	f_locals	local namespace seen by this frame
	f_restricted	0 or 1 if frame is in restricted execution mode
	f_trace	tracing function for this frame, or None
code	co_argcount	number of arguments (not including * or ** args)
	co_code	string of raw compiled bytecode
	co_consts	tuple of constants used in the bytecode
	co_filename	name of file in which this code object was created
	co_firstlineno	number of first line in Python source code
	co_flags	bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg |8=**arg
	co_lnotab	encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
	co_name	name with which this code object was defined
	co_names	tuple of names of local variables
	co_nlocals	number of local variables
	co_stacksize	virtual machine stack space required
	co_varnames	tuple of names of arguments and local variables
builtin	doc	documentation string
	name	original name of this function or method
	self	instance to which a method is bound, or None

inspect.``getmoduleinf``o(path)： 返回一個命名元組(name, suffix, mode, module_type)

name：模塊名（不包括其所在的package）

? suffix：

? mode：open()方法的模式，如：‘r’, 'a’等

? module_type: 整數，代表了模塊的類型

inspect.``getmodulename(path)：根據path返回模塊名（不包括其所在的package）

二、Retrieving source code

inspect.getdoc`(object)： 獲取object的documentation信息

inspect.``getcomments`(object)

inspect.``getfile`(object): 返回對象的文件名

inspect.``getmodule(object)：返回object所屬的模塊名

inspect.``getsourcefile(object)： 返回object的python源文件名；object不能使built-in的module, class, mothod

inspect.``getsourcelines(object)：返回object的python源文件代碼的內容，行號+代碼行

inspect.``getsource(object)：以string形式返回object的源代碼

inspect.``cleandoc(doc)：

三、class and functions

inspect.``getclasstree(classes[, unique])

inspect.``getargspec(func)

inspect.``getargvalues(frame)

inspect.``formatargspec(args[, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])

inspect.``formatargvalues(args[, varargs, varkw, locals, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])

inspect.``getmro(cls)： 元組形式返回cls類的基類（包括cls類），以method resolution順序;通常cls類為元素的第一個元素

inspect.``getcallargs`(func[, *args][, **kwds])：將args和kwds參數到綁定到為func的參數名；對bound方法，也綁定第一個參數（通常為self）到相應的實例；返回字典，對應參數名及其值；

''' 遇到問題沒人解答？小編創(chuàng)建了一個Python學習交流QQ群：857662006 尋找有志同道合的小伙伴，互幫互助,群里還有不錯的視頻學習教程和PDF電子書！ '''>> from inspect import getcallargs>> def f(a, b=1, *pos, **named):.. pass>> getcallargs(f, 1, 2, 3)'a': 1, 'named': {}, 'b': 2, 'pos': (3,)}>> getcallargs(f, a=2, x=4)'a': 2, 'named': {'x': 4}, 'b': 1, 'pos': ()}>> getcallargs(f)raceback (most recent call last):..ypeError: f() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)

四、The interpreter stack

inspect.``getframeinfo(frame[, context])

inspect.``getouterframes(frame[, context])

inspect.``getinnerframes(traceback[, context])

inspect.``currentframe()

inspect.``stack([context])

inspect.``trace([context])

今天看RYU源碼時，發(fā)現一個inspect模塊，RYU使用了該模塊的getmembers函數來獲取ryu app的app類。

函數原型是 inspect.getmembers(object[, predicate])

功能： 從一個Object中獲取符合predicate的元素的list，元素的形式是（name，value）
predicate可以是ismodule(), isclass(), ismethod(), isfunction(), isgeneratorfunction(),
isgenerator(), istraceback(), isframe(), iscode(), isbuiltin(),isroutine()，這些驗證函數。

看一個例子

''' 遇到問題沒人解答？小編創(chuàng)建了一個Python學習交流QQ群：857662006 尋找有志同道合的小伙伴，互幫互助,群里還有不錯的視頻學習教程和PDF電子書！ ''' import inspect class C():class CC():def foo3():print "foo3"def foo():print "foo"def foo2():print "foo2" cls = inspect.getmembers(C,inspect.ismethod) print cls

總結

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