转载一篇NAT实验,备忘
Packet Tracer 5.2實驗(十五) 網絡端口地址轉換NAPT配置
一、實驗目標
理解NAT網絡地址轉換的原理及功能;
掌握NAPT的配置,實現局域網訪問互聯網;
二、實驗背景
公司辦公網需要接入互聯網,公司只向ISP申請了一條專線,該專線分配了一個公網IP地址,配置實現全公司的主機都能訪問外網。
三、技術原理
NAT將網絡劃分為內部網絡和外部網絡兩部分,局域網主機利用NAT訪問網絡時,是將局域網內部的本地地址轉換為全局地址(互聯網合法的IP地址)后轉發數據包;
NAT分為兩種類型:NAT(網絡地址轉換)和NAPT(網絡端口地址轉換IP地址對應一個全局地址)。
NAPT:使用不同的端口來映射多個內網IP地址到一個指定的外網IP地址,多對一。
NAPT采用端口多路復用方式。內部網絡的所有主機均可共享一個合法外部IP地址實現對Internet的訪問,從而可以最大限度節約IP地址資 源。同時,又可隱藏網絡內部的所有主機,有效避免來自Internet的***。因此,目前網絡中應用最多的就是端口多路復用方式。
四、實驗步驟
實驗拓撲
1、R1為公司出口路由器,其與ISP路由器之間通過V.35電纜串口連接,DCE端連接在R1上,配置其時鐘頻率為64000;
2、配置PC機、服務器及路由器接口IP地址;
3、在各路由器上配置靜態路由協議,讓PC間能相互ping通;
4、在R1上配置NAPT;
5、在R1上定義內外部網絡接口;
6、驗證主機之間的互通性。
?R1:
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. ?End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#host R1 R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int s2/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)# R1(config)# R1(config)# R1(config)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R1(config)# R1(config)#ip route 200.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? //配置靜態路由 R1(config)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC ? ?192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C ? ?200.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 S ? ?200.1.2.0/24 [1/0] via 200.1.1.2 R1# R1# R1# R1# R1# R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. ?End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#ip nat inside R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int s2/0 R1(config-if)#ip nat outside R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#access-list ? ?<1-99> ? ? IP standard access list ?<100-199> ?IP extended access list R1(config)#access-list 1 ?deny ? ?Specify packets to rejectpermit ?Specify packets to forwardremark ?Access list entry comment R1(config)#access-list 1 permit ?A.B.C.D ?Address to matchany ? ? ?Any source hosthost ? ? A single host address R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 ?A.B.C.D ?Wildcard bits ?<cr>R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ? ?<cr>R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? //定義訪問控制列表 R1(config)#ip nat ?inside ? Inside address translationoutside ?Outside address translationpool ? ? Define pool of addresses R1(config)#ip nat pool ?WORD ?Pool name R1(config)#ip nat pool david ?A.B.C.D ?Start IP address R1(config)#ip nat pool david 200.1.1.3 ?A.B.C.D ?End IP address R1(config)#ip nat pool david 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 ?netmask ?Specify the network mask R1(config)#ip nat pool david 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 netmask ?A.B.C.D ?Network mask R1(config)#ip nat pool david 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 ? ?<cr>R1(config)#ip nat pool david 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 R1(config)#ip nat inside ?source ?Source address translation R1(config)#ip nat inside source ?list ? ?Specify access list describing local addressesstatic ?Specify static local->global mapping R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 ?interface ?Specify interface for global addresspool ? ? ? Name pool of global addresses R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool ?WORD ?Name pool of global addresses R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool david ?overload ?Overload an address translation ?<cr>R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool david overload ? ?<cr>R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool david overload R1(config)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip nat ?statistics ? ?Translation statisticstranslations ?Translation entries R1#show ip nat translations ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?//沒有主機訪問Web Server的時候,沒有記錄
R1# R1#show ip nat translations ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?//有主機訪問Web Server,產生記錄Pro ?Inside global ? ? Inside local ? ? ? Outside local ? ? ?Outside global tcp 200.1.1.3:1026 ? ? 192.168.1.2:1026 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80R1#show ip nat translations ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?//來自1.2和1.3的主機訪問 Pro ?Inside global ? ? Inside local ? ? ? Outside local ? ? ?Outside global tcp 200.1.1.3:1026 ? ? 192.168.1.2:1026 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80 tcp 200.1.1.3:1025 ? ? 192.168.1.3:1025 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80R1#show ip nat translations Pro ?Inside global ? ? Inside local ? ? ? Outside local ? ? ?Outside global tcp 200.1.1.3:1026 ? ? 192.168.1.2:1026 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80 tcp 200.1.1.3:1027 ? ? 192.168.1.2:1027 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80 tcp 200.1.1.3:1025 ? ? 192.168.1.3:1025 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80 tcp 200.1.1.3:1024 ? ? 192.168.1.3:1026 ? 200.1.2.2:80 ? ? ? 200.1.2.2:80R1#
R2:
Router>en Router#conf?t Enter?configuration?commands,?one?per?line.??End?with?CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname?R2 R2(config)#int?fa0/0 R2(config-if)#ip?add?200.1.2.1?255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no?shut%LINK-5-CHANGED:?Interface?FastEthernet0/0,?changed?state?to?up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:?Line?protocol?on?Interface?FastEthernet0/0,?changed?state?to?up R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#int?s2/0 R2(config-if)#ip?add?200.1.1.2?255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no?shut%LINK-5-CHANGED:?Interface?Serial2/0,?changed?state?to?up R2(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:?Line?protocol?on?Interface?Serial2/0,?changed?state?to?up R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#ip?route?192.168.1.0?255.255.255.0?200.1.1.1 R2(config)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:?Configured?from?console?by?console R2#show?ip?route Codes:?C?-?connected,?S?-?static,?I?-?IGRP,?R?-?RIP,?M?-?mobile,?B?-?BGPD?-?EIGRP,?EX?-?EIGRP?external,?O?-?OSPF,?IA?-?OSPF?inter?areaN1?-?OSPF?NSSA?external?type?1,?N2?-?OSPF?NSSA?external?type?2E1?-?OSPF?external?type?1,?E2?-?OSPF?external?type?2,?E?-?EGPi?-?IS-IS,?L1?-?IS-IS?level-1,?L2?-?IS-IS?level-2,?ia?-?IS-IS?inter?area*?-?candidate?default,?U?-?per-user?static?route,?o?-?ODRP?-?periodic?downloaded?static?routeGateway?of?last?resort?is?not?setS????192.168.1.0/24?[1/0]?via?200.1.1.1 C????200.1.1.0/24?is?directly?connected,?Serial2/0 C????200.1.2.0/24?is?directly?connected,?FastEthernet0/0 R2# R2# R2# R2#
PC1:
Packet?Tracer?PC?Command?Line?1.0 PC>ipconfigIP?Address......................:?192.168.1.2 Subnet?Mask.....................:?255.255.255.0 Default?Gateway.................:?192.168.1.1PC>ping?200.1.2.2Pinging?200.1.2.2?with?32?bytes?of?data:Reply?from?200.1.2.2:?bytes=32?time=15ms?TTL=126 Reply?from?200.1.2.2:?bytes=32?time=16ms?TTL=126 Reply?from?200.1.2.2:?bytes=32?time=16ms?TTL=126 Reply?from?200.1.2.2:?bytes=32?time=15ms?TTL=126Ping?statistics?for?200.1.2.2:Packets:?Sent?=?4,?Received?=?4,?Lost?=?0?(0%?loss), Approximate?round?trip?times?in?milli-seconds:Minimum?=?15ms,?Maximum?=?16ms,?Average?=?15msPC>
PC-WEB:
?轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/374721/1616021
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