==============================
?★ Link id表示那里的鏈路狀態情況；ADV router表示LSA是誰公告的；
?★ 可通過“ip ospf database”查看鏈路狀態數據庫。
==============================================
1.Router LSA：
?? 每一個路由器都會產生，通告自己路由器所有接口的狀態；在域內泛洪。Link id（為router id）一般等于ADV router，即產生并公告。
----------------------------------------------
2.Network LSA：
?? 由網絡中的DR產生（DR為為路由器的接口特性），通告本域內每個DR下所屬的DRother的router id（包括DR自己的），由DR公告，Link id為DR路由器接口ip地址（即通告所有DR接口下的DRother的router id）；在域內泛洪。
? 注意：一個區域可由多個DR，一個網段一個DR（路由器分隔網段）
----------------------------------------------
3.Network Summary LSA：
?? 由本域內同時為area 0的ABR路由器始發，學習其它區域的LSA，只通告到已知網段的最優路徑（是本域內路由器到ABR的最優路徑，到最終目的地的總的路徑其不管，所以當有多個ABR時，容易引起次優路徑的問題，用設置cost值可解決，域內路由器收到后直接加入路由表RIP? 的方法）link id為某一網段（表示某一網段的狀態）；AS中泛洪。???
----------------------------------------------
4.ASBR Summary LSA：
?? 本域內由ABR始發，公告（即到最后的ABR時被替換表示要去ASBR就找ABR），通告ASBR的router id主機路由，ASBR的router id為link id。， AS中泛洪。有幾個ASBR就有幾個4類。
----------------------------------------------
5.External LSA：
?? ASBR公告，以link id為外面AS域的子網號，通告ASBR外面的子網，由ASBR公告（要去外網找ASBR）， AS內泛洪
----------------------------------------------
7.NSSA External LSA：
?? 同5，只是在區域為非純末梢區域（not so stub by area）內公告并泛洪，到達ABR時變為5類通告給其它區域。?????
----------------------------------------------
11.Tag LSA：標記路由
-------------------------------------------------------
實驗拓撲如下：
????????????????????????????????????? R1
????????????????????????????????????? |f0/0
????????????????????????????????????? |
????????????????????????????????????? |
???????????????????? ---------------------------
????????????????????? |??????????????????????????? ?|
????????????????????? |(f0/0)???????????????????? |(f0/0)
????????????????????? R2????????????????????????? R3
????????????????????? |(s1/2)???????????????????? |(s1/1)
????????????????????? |???????????????????????????? |
????????????????????? |(s1/2)???????????????????? |(s1/1)
????????????????????? R4????????????????????????? R5
-------------------------------------------------------
具體配置如下：
R1#show run
interface Loopback0
?ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
?ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
?ip address 123.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
?duplex auto
?speed auto
!
router ospf 100
?router-id 1.1.1.1
?log-adjacency-changes
?network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
?network 123.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
-------------------------
R2#show run
interface Loopback0
?ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
?ip address 123.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
?duplex auto
?speed auto
!
interface Serial1/2
?ip address 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
?serial restart_delay 0
!
router ospf 200
?router-id 2.2.2.2
?log-adjacency-changes
?network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 1
?network 123.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
-------------------------
R3#show run
interface Loopback0
?ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
?ip address 123.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
?duplex auto
?speed auto
!
interface Serial1/1
?ip address 35.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
?serial restart_delay 0
!
router ospf 300
?router-id 3.3.3.3
?log-adjacency-changes
?area 2 nssa
?network 35.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 area 2
?network 123.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
-------------------------
R4#show run
interface Loopback0
?ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
?ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface Serial1/2
?ip address 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
?serial restart_delay 0
!
router ospf 400
?router-id 4.4.4.4
?log-adjacency-changes
?network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 1
?network 24.1.1.4 0.0.0.0 area 1
!
-------------------------
R5#show run
interface Loopback0
?ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0
?ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface Loopback1
?ip address 55.55.55.55 255.255.255.0
?ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface Serial1/1
?ip address 35.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
?serial restart_delay 0
!
router ospf 500
?router-id 5.5.5.5
?log-adjacency-changes
?area 2 nssa default-information-originate
?redistribute static
?network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 2
?network 35.1.1.5 0.0.0.0 area 2
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Loopback1
-------------------------------------------------------
查看LSA數據庫
R1#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1???????? 1.1.1.1???????? 11????????? 0x80000002 0x006CAA 2
2.2.2.2???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 11????????? 0x80000002 0x0067B9 1
3.3.3.3???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 12????????? 0x80000002 0x002FE6 1 Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
123.1.1.3?????? 3.3.3.3???????? 12????????? 0x80000001 0x00EFA1 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
4.4.4.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 26????????? 0x80000001 0x00499E
5.5.5.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 17????????? 0x80000001 0x0007D9
24.1.1.0??????? 2.2.2.2???????? 61????????? 0x80000001 0x007F5B
35.1.1.0??????? 3.3.3.3???????? 48????????? 0x80000001 0x00D1F9 Type-5 AS External Link States Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 16????????? 0x80000001 0x00C9C9 0
------------------
R2#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 200) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1???????? 1.1.1.1???????? 40????????? 0x80000002 0x006CAA 2
2.2.2.2???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 40????????? 0x80000002 0x0067B9 1
3.3.3.3???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 40????????? 0x80000002 0x002FE6 1 Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
123.1.1.3?????? 3.3.3.3???????? 41????????? 0x80000001 0x00EFA1 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
4.4.4.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 53????????? 0x80000001 0x00499E
5.5.5.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 45????????? 0x80000001 0x0007D9
24.1.1.0??????? 2.2.2.2???????? 88????????? 0x80000001 0x007F5B
35.1.1.0??????? 3.3.3.3???????? 76????????? 0x80000001 0x00D1F9 Router Link States (Area 1) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
2.2.2.2???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 68????????? 0x80000003 0x0066E4 2
4.4.4.4???????? 4.4.4.4???????? 68????????? 0x80000002 0x00E342 3 Summary Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
1.1.1.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 25????????? 0x80000001 0x003DF2
5.5.5.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 25????????? 0x80000001 0x002FB4
35.1.1.0??????? 2.2.2.2???????? 25????????? 0x80000001 0x00F9D4
123.1.1.0?????? 2.2.2.2???????? 30????????? 0x80000003 0x00F6BD Summary ASB Link States (Area 1) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
3.3.3.3???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 25????????? 0x80000001 0x00BE68 Type-5 AS External Link States Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 45????????? 0x80000001 0x00C9C9 0
R2#
------------------
R3#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 300) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1???????? 1.1.1.1???????? 50????????? 0x80000002 0x006CAA 2
2.2.2.2???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 50????????? 0x80000002 0x0067B9 1
3.3.3.3???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 50????????? 0x80000002 0x002FE6 1 Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
123.1.1.3?????? 3.3.3.3???????? 50????????? 0x80000001 0x00EFA1 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
4.4.4.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 63????????? 0x80000001 0x00499E
5.5.5.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 55????????? 0x80000001 0x0007D9
24.1.1.0??????? 2.2.2.2???????? 98????????? 0x80000001 0x007F5B
35.1.1.0??????? 3.3.3.3???????? 85????????? 0x80000001 0x00D1F9 Router Link States (Area 2) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
3.3.3.3???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 69????????? 0x80000002 0x0043DD 2
5.5.5.5???????? 5.5.5.5???????? 70????????? 0x80000002 0x001FD8 3 Summary Net Link States (Area 2) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
1.1.1.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 35????????? 0x80000001 0x00C461
4.4.4.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 35????????? 0x80000001 0x00DA02
24.1.1.0??????? 3.3.3.3???????? 35????????? 0x80000001 0x0011BE
123.1.1.0?????? 3.3.3.3???????? 39????????? 0x80000003 0x007E2C Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 2) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0???????? 5.5.5.5???????? 71????????? 0x80000002 0x00F689 0 Type-5 AS External Link States Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 54????????? 0x80000001 0x00C9C9 0
R3#
------------------
R4#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 400) Router Link States (Area 1) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
2.2.2.2???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 86????????? 0x80000003 0x0066E4 2
4.4.4.4???????? 4.4.4.4???????? 85????????? 0x80000002 0x00E342 3 Summary Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
1.1.1.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 43????????? 0x80000001 0x003DF2
5.5.5.0???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 43????????? 0x80000001 0x002FB4
35.1.1.0??????? 2.2.2.2???????? 43????????? 0x80000001 0x00F9D4
123.1.1.0?????? 2.2.2.2???????? 47????????? 0x80000003 0x00F6BD Summary ASB Link States (Area 1) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
3.3.3.3???????? 2.2.2.2???????? 43????????? 0x80000001 0x00BE68 Type-5 AS External Link States
?????????
Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 62????????? 0x80000001 0x00C9C9 0
R4#
------------------
R5#show ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (5.5.5.5) (Process ID 500) Router Link States (Area 2) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count
3.3.3.3???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 84????????? 0x80000002 0x0043DD 2
5.5.5.5???????? 5.5.5.5???????? 84????????? 0x80000002 0x001FD8 3 Summary Net Link States (Area 2) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum
1.1.1.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 50????????? 0x80000001 0x00C461
4.4.4.0???????? 3.3.3.3???????? 50????????? 0x80000001 0x00DA02
24.1.1.0??????? 3.3.3.3???????? 50????????? 0x80000001 0x0011BE
123.1.1.0?????? 3.3.3.3???????? 54????????? 0x80000003 0x007E2C Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 2) Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0???????? 5.5.5.5???????? 85????????? 0x80000002 0x00F689 0
R5#
-------------------------------------------------------
查看路由信息
------------------
R1# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
?????? * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
?????? P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 123.1.1.3 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
???? 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 35.1.1.0 [110/65] via 123.1.1.3, 00:04:51, FastEthernet0/0
???? 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 4.4.4.0 [110/66] via 123.1.1.2, 00:04:51, FastEthernet0/0
???? 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 5.5.5.0 [110/66] via 123.1.1.3, 00:04:51, FastEthernet0/0
???? 24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 24.1.1.0 [110/65] via 123.1.1.2, 00:04:51, FastEthernet0/0
???? 123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 123.1.1.3, 00:04:51, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
------------------
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
?????? * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
?????? P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 123.1.1.3 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O?????? 1.1.1.0 [110/2] via 123.1.1.1, 00:04:57, FastEthernet0/0
???? 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 35.1.1.0 [110/65] via 123.1.1.3, 00:04:57, FastEthernet0/0
???? 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
???? 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O?????? 4.4.4.0 [110/65] via 24.1.1.4, 00:05:25, Serial1/2
???? 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 5.5.5.0 [110/66] via 123.1.1.3, 00:04:57, FastEthernet0/0
???? 24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 24.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2
???? 123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 123.1.1.3, 00:05:00, FastEthernet0/0
R2#
------------------
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
?????? * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
?????? P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 35.1.1.5 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O?????? 1.1.1.0 [110/2] via 123.1.1.1, 00:05:04, FastEthernet0/0
???? 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 35.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
???? 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
???? 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 4.4.4.0 [110/66] via 123.1.1.2, 00:05:04, FastEthernet0/0
???? 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O?????? 5.5.5.0 [110/65] via 35.1.1.5, 00:05:24, Serial1/1
???? 24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 24.1.1.0 [110/65] via 123.1.1.2, 00:05:04, FastEthernet0/0
???? 123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 35.1.1.5, 00:05:05, Serial1/1
R3#
------------------
R4# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
?????? * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
?????? P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 24.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 1.1.1.0 [110/66] via 24.1.1.2, 00:05:09, Serial1/2
???? 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 35.1.1.0 [110/129] via 24.1.1.2, 00:05:09, Serial1/2
???? 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
???? 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 5.5.5.0 [110/130] via 24.1.1.2, 00:05:09, Serial1/2
???? 24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 24.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2
???? 123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 123.1.1.0 [110/65] via 24.1.1.2, 00:05:13, Serial1/2
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 24.1.1.2, 00:05:04, Serial1/2
R4#
------------------
R5#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
?????? * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
?????? P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 1.1.1.0 [110/66] via 35.1.1.3, 00:05:12, Serial1/1
???? 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 35.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
???? 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 4.4.4.0 [110/130] via 35.1.1.3, 00:05:12, Serial1/1
???? 55.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 55.55.55.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
???? 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C?????? 5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
???? 24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 24.1.1.0 [110/129] via 35.1.1.3, 00:05:12, Serial1/1
???? 123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA??? 123.1.1.0 [110/65] via 35.1.1.3, 00:05:17, Serial1/1
S*?? 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Loopback1
R5#
-------------------------------------------------------

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/crystals/278421

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