從Oracle9i開始，Oracle開始提供閃回查詢特性(flashback query)，允許將回滾段中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行閃回。通過這個例子我們來看一下這個從Oracle9i開始提供的新特性。

首先我們注意到這里存在一個信息: ctl max scn: 0x0819.003f594b?，這個轉(zhuǎn)換為SCN值就是：SQL>?select?(to_number('819','xxxx')*power(2,32)?+?to_number('3f594b','xxxxxxxx'))?scn

2??from?dual;

SCN

-----------------

8903471356235

可以查詢一下當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫的SCN：SQL>?select?dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number?scn?from?dual;

SCN

-----------------

8903471437610

通過特定的語法，我們可以將SCN為8903471356235的歷史狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)查詢出來：SQL>?select?*?from?emp?as?of?scn?8903471356235?where?empno?in?(7788,7782,7698);

EMPNO?ENAME??????JOB?????????????????MGR?HIREDATE?????????SAL???????COMM????DEPTNO

----------?----------?---------?----------?---------?----------?----------?----------

7698?BLAKE??????MANAGER?????????7839?01-MAY-81???????2850????????????????????30

7782?CLARK??????MANAGER?????????7839?09-JUN-81???????2450????????????????????10

7788?SCOTT??????ANALYST?????????7566?19-APR-87???????3000????????????????????20

在結(jié)果中，我們注意到3名員工的薪水恢復(fù)到了之前值。而在當(dāng)前的查詢中，這個數(shù)值是變化后的4000：SQL>?select?*?from?emp?where?empno?in?(7788,7782,7698);

EMPNO?ENAME??????JOB??????????????MGR?HIREDATE?????????SAL???????COMM?????DEPTNO

----------?----------?---------?----------?---------?----------?----------?----------

7698?BLAKE??????MANAGER?????????7839?01-MAY-81???????4000????????????????????30

7782?CLARK??????MANAGER?????????7839?09-JUN-81???????4000????????????????????10

7788?SCOTT??????ANALYST??????????7566?19-APR-87???????4000????????????????????20

由于這個查詢需要從UNDO中獲取前鏡像信息，如果UNDO中的信息被覆蓋，則以上查詢將會失敗。為了模擬不同情況，創(chuàng)建一個新的UNDO表空間，切換數(shù)據(jù)庫使用新的?UNDO表空間，再將原表空間Offline：SQL>?create?undo?tablespace?undotbs?datafile?'/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/undotbs.dbf'?size?2M;

Tablespace?created.

SQL>?alter?system?set?undo_tablespace=undotbs;

System?altered.

SQL>?alter?tablespace?UNDOTBS1?offline;

Tablespace?altered.

SQL>?alter?session?set?events?=?'immediate?trace?name?flush_cache';

Session?altered.

再來查詢，此時出現(xiàn)錯誤，記錄該文件已經(jīng)不可讀取：SQL>?select?*?from?emp?as?of?scn?8903471356235?where?empno?in?(7788,7782,7698);

select?*?from?emp?as?of?scn?8903471356235?where?empno?in?(7788,7782,7698)

*

ERROR?at?line?1:

ORA-00376:?file?2?cannot?be?read?at?this?time

ORA-01110:?data?file?2:?'/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/undotbs1.dbf'

將UNDOTBS1重新啟用，則此時前鏡像信息再次可以查詢：SQL>?alter?tablespace?UNDOTBS1?online;

Tablespace?altered.

SQL>?alter?system?set?undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1;

System?altered.

在其他Session執(zhí)行大量事務(wù)，使得前鏡像信息被覆蓋：SQL>?begin

2??for?i?in?1?..?2000?loop

3??update?emp?set?sal=4000;

4??rollback;

5??end?loop;

6??end;

7??/

PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed.

SQL>?/

PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed.

SQL>?/

觀察回滾段的使用：SQL>?select?usn,xacts,RSSIZE,HWMSIZE?from?v$rollstat?where?usn=6;

USN??????XACTS?????RSSIZE????HWMSIZE

----------?----------?----------?----------

6??????????１????7331840????7331840

那么再次查詢就可能收到如下錯誤：SQL>?select?*?from?emp?as?of?scn?8903471356235?where?empno?in?(7788,7782,7698);

select?*?from?emp?as?of?scn?8903471356235?where?empno?in?(7788,7782,7698)

*

ERROR?at?line?1:

ORA-01555:?snapshot?too?old:?rollback?segment?number?6?with?name?"_SYSSMU6$"?too?small

ORA-01555錯誤出現(xiàn)，說明要查詢的前鏡像信息已經(jīng)失去。

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