Linux网络配置 CentOS 6/7
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Linux网络配置 CentOS 6/7
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本文轉載：Linux網絡屬性配置（三）修改配置文件&& CentOS 7 網絡配置
IP、MASK、GW、DNS相關配置文件：
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE
路由相關配置文件：
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-IFACE
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE
DEVICE：此配置文件應用到的設備 HWADDR：對應的設備的MAC地址 BOOTPROTO：激活此設備時用到的地址配置協議，常用的dhcp,static,none,bootp MM_CONTROLLED：MM是NetworkManager的簡寫，此網卡是否接受MM控制；CentOS?6建議為“no” ONBOOT：在系統因到時候是否激活此設備 TYPE：接口類型；常見的有Ethernet，Bridge UUID：設備的唯一標識IPADDR：指明IP地址 NETMASK：子網掩碼 GATEWAY：默認網關 DSN1：第一個DNS服務器指向 DNS2：第二個DNS服務器指向USERCTL：普通用戶是否可控制此設備 PEERDNS：如果BOOTPROTO的值為"dhsp",是否允許dhcp?server分配的dns服務器指向信息直接覆蓋至/etc/resolv.conf文件中[root@Daniel?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0? DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.98.140 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.98.2 #DNS1=8.8.8.8 #DOMAIN=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System?eth0"/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-IFACE
兩種風格
TARGET via GW
每三行定義一條路由
給網卡配置多個地址
ifconfig：
ifcofnig?IFACE_ALIASip：
ip?addr?add配置文件：
ifcfg-IFACE_ALIASDEVICE=IFACE_ALIAS注意：網關別名不能使用dhcp協議引導。
Linux網絡屬性配置的tui(text user interface)
system-config-network-tui
也可以使用setup找到
[root@Daniel ~]# setup
注意：修改之后重啟網絡服務才能生效
網絡接口識別并命令相關的配置文件：
/etc/udev/rules.c/70-persistent-net.rules
卸載網卡驅動
????modeprobe?-r?e1000裝載網卡驅動
????modeprobe?e1000CentOS 7網絡屬性配置
CentOS 7 的網卡命名機制較之CentOS 6來說有較大不同，接下來我們來詳細說說CentOS 7網卡的命名規則
網卡命名機制
systemd對網絡設備的命名方式：
(a)?如果Firmware或BIOS為主板上集成的設備提供的索引信息可用，且可預測則根據此索引進行命名，例如eno1； (b)?如果Firmware或BIOS為PCI-E擴展槽所提供的索引信息可用，且可預測，則根據此索引進行命名，例如ens1;? (c)?如果硬件接口的物理位置信息可用，則根據此信息進行命名，例如enp2s0； (d)?如果用戶顯式啟動，也可根據MAC地址進行命名，enx2387a1dc56;? (e)?上述均不可用時，則使用傳統命名機制；上述命名機制中，有的需要biosdevname程序的參與。
名稱組成格式
en:?ethernet wl:?wlan ww:?wwan名稱類型：o<index>:?集成設備的設備索引號；s<slot>:?擴展槽的索引號；x<MAC>:?基于MAC地址的命名；p<bus>s<slot>:?enp2s1網卡設備的命名過程：
第一步：
udev, 輔助工具程序/lib/udev/rename_device, /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules第二步：
biosdevname 會根據/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules第三步：
通過檢測網絡接口設備，根據/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description
IDNETNAMEONBOARD, IDNETNAMESLOT, IDNETNAME_PATH
回歸傳統的命名方式：
[root@Daniel?~]#?ifconfig eno16777736:?flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>??mtu?1500inet?192.168.98.141??netmask?255.255.255.0??broadcast?192.168.98.255inet6?fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:7610??prefixlen?64??scopeid?0x20<link>ether?00:0c:29:82:76:10??txqueuelen?1000??(Ethernet)RX?packets?8936??bytes?786741?(768.3?KiB)RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0TX?packets?7550??bytes?515886?(503.7?KiB)TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?0lo:?flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>??mtu?65536inet?127.0.0.1??netmask?255.0.0.0inet6?::1??prefixlen?128??scopeid?0x10<host>loop??txqueuelen?0??(Local?Loopback)RX?packets?0??bytes?0?(0.0?B)RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0TX?packets?0??bytes?0?(0.0?B)TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?[root@Daniel?~]#(1) 編輯/etc/default/grub配置文件
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0?rhgb?quiet"[root@Daniel?~]#?cat?/etc/default/grub? GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed?'s,?release?.*$,,g'?/etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto?rhgb?quiet?net.ifnames=0" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" [root@Daniel?~]#(2) 為grub2生成其配置文件
grub2-mkconfig?-o?/etc/grub2.cfg[root@Daniel?~]#?grub2-mkconfig?-o?/etc/grub2.cfg? Generating?grub?configuration?file?... Found?linux?p_w_picpath:?/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Found?initrd?p_w_picpath:?/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img Found?linux?p_w_picpath:?/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-1935525f9d944f499859e4e93218a41e Found?initrd?p_w_picpath:?/boot/initramfs-0-rescue-1935525f9d944f499859e4e93218a41e.img done [root@Daniel?~]#(3) 重啟系統
[root@Daniel?~]#?ifconfig? eth0:?flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>??mtu?1500inet?192.168.98.141??netmask?255.255.255.0??broadcast?192.168.98.255inet6?fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:7610??prefixlen?64??scopeid?0x20<link>ether?00:0c:29:82:76:10??txqueuelen?1000??(Ethernet)RX?packets?38??bytes?5214?(5.0?KiB)RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0TX?packets?92??bytes?15232?(14.8?KiB)TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?0lo:?flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>??mtu?65536inet?127.0.0.1??netmask?255.0.0.0inet6?::1??prefixlen?128??scopeid?0x10<host>loop??txqueuelen?0??(Local?Loopback)RX?packets?0??bytes?0?(0.0?B)RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0TX?packets?0??bytes?0?(0.0?B)TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?0virbr0:?flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>??mtu?1500inet?192.168.122.1??netmask?255.255.255.0??broadcast?192.168.122.255ether?52:54:00:e0:eb:12??txqueuelen?0??(Ethernet)RX?packets?0??bytes?0?(0.0?B)RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0TX?packets?0??bytes?0?(0.0?B)TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?0[root@Daniel?~]#?cat?/etc/centos-release CentOS?Linux?release?7.2.1511?(Core)? [root@Daniel?~]#
可以看到這個時候CentOS 7的網卡名字已經改回eth0.
地址配置工具：nmcli
nmcli ?[ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
????device?-?show?and?manage?network?interfaces[root@Daniel?~]#?nmcli?device?設備????????類型??????狀態????CONNECTION?virbr0??????bridge????連接的??virbr0?????eth0????????ethernet??連接的??系統?eth0??virbr0-nic??tap???????連接的??virbr0-nic?lo??????????loopback??未管理??--?????????[root@Daniel?~]#?connection?-?start,?stop,?and?manage?network?connections[root@Daniel?~]#?nmcli?connection?名稱????????UUID??????????????????????????????????類型????????????設備???????virbr0-nic??0f7f1ec2-683b-4e4a-89a0-67c3c7096a68??generic?????????virbr0-nic?virbr0??????497ce206-0f80-4833-9d9f-1aa4078aae04??bridge??????????virbr0?????系統?eth0???5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03??802-3-ethernet??eth0???????[root@Daniel?~]#?如何修改IP地址等屬性：#nmcli?connection?modify?IFACE?[+|-]setting.property?valuesetting.property:ipv4.addressesipv4.gatewayipv4.dns1ipv4.methodmanual網絡接口配置tui工具：nmtui
[root@Daniel?~]#?nmtui主機名稱配置工具：hostnamectl
status[root@Daniel?~]#?hostnamectl?status?Static?hostname:?DanielIcon?name:?computer-vmChassis:?vmMachine?ID:?1935525f9d944f499859e4e93218a41eBoot?ID:?3655c6af122747d287c98daa9a3be63aVirtualization:?vmwareOperating?System:?CentOS?Linux?7?(Core)CPE?OS?Name:?cpe:/o:centos:centos:7Kernel:?Linux?3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64Architecture:?x86-64set-hosrname[root@Daniel?~]#?hostnamectl?set-hostname?DanielW? [root@Daniel?~]#?hostname? danielw [root@Daniel?~]#轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhilong/1825207
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