autotools安裝

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1.介紹

Linux環(huán)境下，我們編譯程序啥的都是一般用的GCC&&GDB等等工具，直接使用GCC命令進(jìn)行編譯操作。這種方式一般是適用于程序文件比較少，組織結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單的情況。但是，當(dāng)我們程序文件比較的多的時(shí)候，或者是程序文件組織結(jié)構(gòu)比較的復(fù)雜（例如在程序文件夾中存在文件夾多層嵌套以及復(fù)雜引用等），此時(shí)我們?nèi)绻侵苯邮褂肎CC一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)的編譯工作量會(huì)非常的大，而且萬(wàn)一程序修改了，還要重新的再工作一遍。為此，我們有了make工具，依靠Makefile輔助文件，我們可以方便的進(jìn)行工程的管理，以及編譯操作。當(dāng)程序很復(fù)雜的時(shí)候，依靠我們?nèi)ナ止さ慕?、維護(hù)Makefile文件是非常的不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，不僅很復(fù)雜，而且費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，還容易出錯(cuò)。為此，就有了我們的_Autotools_工具或者 CMake 工具棧,而本文重點(diǎn)介紹的是 Autotool 管理 Makefile 的工具鏈。autotools 只要輸入工程中的目標(biāo)文件、依賴文件、文件目錄等信息就可以自動(dòng)生成Makefile。這時(shí)使用autotools工具就是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,只要輸入工程中的目標(biāo)文件、依賴文件、文件目錄等信息就可以自動(dòng)生成Makefile。autotools工具是個(gè)系列工具，主要有：aclocal、autoscan、autoconf、autoheader、automake。

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2.autotools組成

名稱	功能
autoscan	?autoscan是用來(lái)掃描源代碼目錄生成configure.scan文件的。?? ?configure.scan包含了系統(tǒng)配置的基本選項(xiàng)，里面都是一些宏定義。我們需要將它改名為configure.in
aclocal	?aclocal是一個(gè)perl腳本程序。aclocal根據(jù)configure.in文件的內(nèi)容，自動(dòng)生成aclocal.m4文件。aclocal的定義是：“aclocal - create aclocal.m4 by scanning configure.ac”。?? ?生成的aclocal.m4是宏展開(kāi)文件
autoconf	autoconf是用來(lái)產(chǎn)生configure文件的??? ?configure.in文件的內(nèi)容是一些宏，這些宏經(jīng)過(guò)autoconf處理后會(huì)變成檢查系統(tǒng)特性、環(huán)境變量、軟件必須的參數(shù)的shell腳本
autoheader	?自動(dòng)生成config.h.in?? ?在configure生成config.h時(shí)候的in文件
automake	我們使用automake --add-missing來(lái)產(chǎn)生Makefile.in??? ?Makefile.am是用來(lái)生成Makefile.in的，需要你手工書(shū)寫

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3.autotools處理流程

Autotools使用流程:
1.目錄樹(shù)的最高層運(yùn)行autoscan，生成configure.scan文件；
2.運(yùn)行aclocal，生成aclocal.m4文件；
3.運(yùn)行autoconf，生成configure配置腳本；
4.運(yùn)行autoheader，生成config.h.in文件；
5.手工編寫Makefile.am文件；
6.運(yùn)行automake，生成Makefile.in；
7.運(yùn)行配置腳本configure，生成Makefile。

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4.autotools安裝

[root@localhost ~]# yum install automake
安裝包：

automake-1.13.4-3.el7.noarch.rpm
autoconf-2.69-11.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Test-Harness-3.28-3.el7.noarch.rpm
m4-1.4.16-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
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autotools實(shí)例

1.生成源碼，并且確認(rèn)代碼可以編譯執(zhí)行

[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /home/mycode/auto_make_test/ [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/mycode/auto_make_test/ [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 0 [root@localhost auto_make_test]# vim auto_test.c [root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat auto_test.c? #include <stdio.h>int main() {printf("auto make test\n");return 0; } [root@localhost auto_make_test]# gcc auto_test.c? [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 16 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8560 Jan ?5 17:01 a.out -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ./a.out? auto make test [root@localhost auto_make_test]# rm a.out? rm: remove regular file ‘a(chǎn).out’? y

2.執(zhí)行autoscan

第一步：在源碼目錄下執(zhí)行autoscan命令。這個(gè)命令主要用于掃描工作目錄，并且生成configure.scan文件。configure.scan需要重命令成configure.ac，然后編輯這個(gè)配置，我們才能繼續(xù)執(zhí)行后面的命令。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# autoscan? [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 0 Jan ?5 17:35 autoscan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 471 Jan ?5 17:35 configure.scan [root@localhost auto_make_test]# mv configure.scan configure.ac

第二步：編輯上面得到的configure.ac文件。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat configure.ac? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -*- Autoconf -*- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.AC_PREREQ([2.69]) AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS]) AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([auto_test.c]) AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])# Checks for programs. AC_PROG_CC# Checks for libraries.# Checks for header files.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.# Checks for library functions.AC_OUTPUT [root@localhost auto_make_test]# vim configure.ac? [root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat configure.ac? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -*- Autoconf -*- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.AC_PREREQ([2.69]) AC_INIT([auto_test], [1.0], [751773517@qq.com]) AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([auto_test.c]) AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h]) AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(auto_test,1.0)# Checks for programs. AC_PROG_CC# Checks for libraries.# Checks for header files.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.# Checks for library functions.AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)

對(duì)比前后的文件可以發(fā)現(xiàn)修改的項(xiàng)目為：AC_INIT,AC_OUTPUT
增加了：AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(auto_test,1.0)
configure.ac標(biāo)簽說(shuō)明如下表：

標(biāo)簽	功能
AC_PREREQ	聲明autoconf要求的版本號(hào)。
AC_INIT?	定義軟件名稱、版本號(hào)、聯(lián)系方式
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE??	?必須要的，參數(shù)為軟件名稱和版本號(hào)
AC_CONFIG_SCRDIR	?宏用來(lái)偵測(cè)所指定的源碼文件是否存在, 來(lái)確定源碼目錄的有效性.。此處為當(dāng)前目錄下main.c
AC_CONFIG_HEADER	宏用于生成config.h文件，以便autoheader命令使用。
AC_PROG_CC	?指定編譯器，默認(rèn)是GCC
AC_CONFIG_FILES	生成相應(yīng)的Makefile文件，不同文件夾下的Makefile通過(guò)空格分隔。例如：AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile, src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT	用來(lái)設(shè)定 configure 所要產(chǎn)生的文件，如果是makefile，configure 會(huì)把它檢查出來(lái)的結(jié)果帶入makefile.in文件產(chǎn)生合適的makefile。

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3.執(zhí)行aclocal??

執(zhí)行aclocal命令，掃描 configure.ac 文件生成 aclocal.m4文件, 該文件主要處理本地的宏定義，它根據(jù)已經(jīng)安裝的宏、用戶定義宏和 acinclude.m4 文件中的宏將 configure.ac 文件需要的宏集中定義到文件 aclocal.m4 中。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# aclocal [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 52 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37794 Jan ?5 17:43 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ?4096 Jan ?5 17:43 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 0 Jan ?5 17:42 autoscan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 499 Jan ?5 17:38 configure.ac

?4.執(zhí)行autoconf

這個(gè)命令將 configure.ac 文件中的宏展開(kāi)，生成 configure 腳本。這個(gè)過(guò)程可能要用到aclocal.m4中定義的宏。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# autoconf [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 196 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?37794 Jan ?5 17:43 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan ?5 17:43 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? ?0 Jan ?5 17:42 autoscan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan ?5 17:43 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?499 Jan ?5 17:38 configure.ac

5.執(zhí)行autoheader

該命令生成 config.h.in 文件。該命令通常會(huì)從 "acconfig.h”文件中復(fù)制用戶附加的符號(hào)定義。該例子中沒(méi)有附加的符號(hào)定義, 所以不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建 "acconfig.h”文件。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# autoheader? [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 200 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?37794 Jan ?5 17:43 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan ?5 17:43 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? ?0 Jan ?5 17:42 autoscan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?625 Jan ?5 17:43 config.h.in -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan ?5 17:43 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?499 Jan ?5 17:38 configure.ac

6、創(chuàng)建Makefile.am文件：

Automake工具會(huì)根據(jù) configure.in 中的參量把 Makefile.am 轉(zhuǎn)換成 Makefile.in 文件。最終通過(guò)Makefile.in生成Makefile文件，所以Makefile.am這個(gè)文件非常重要，定義了一些生成Makefile的規(guī)則。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# vim Makefile.am [root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat Makefile.am? AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign bin_PROGRAMS=auto_test auto_test_SOURCES=auto_test.c

1). AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS：由于GNU對(duì)自己發(fā)布的軟件有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)范, 比如必須附帶許可證聲明文件COPYING等，否則automake執(zhí)行時(shí)會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò). automake提供了3中軟件等級(jí):foreign, gnu和gnits, 供用戶選擇。默認(rèn)級(jí)別是gnu。在本例中，使用了foreign等級(jí), 它只檢測(cè)必須的文件。
2). bin_PROGRAMS = auto_test：生成的可執(zhí)行文件名稱，生成多個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件，可以用空格隔開(kāi)。
3). auto_test_SOURCES：生成可執(zhí)行文件auto_test需要依賴的源文件。其中auto_test_為可執(zhí)行文件的名稱。

7、執(zhí)行automake

執(zhí)行automake --add-missing命令。該命令生成 Makefile.in 文件。使用選項(xiàng) "--add-missing" 可以讓Automake自動(dòng)添加一些必需的腳本文件。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)一些文件不存在，可以通過(guò)手工 touch命令創(chuàng)建。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 204 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan 15 15:30 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? ?0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?499 Jan ?5 17:38 configure.ac -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 78 Jan ?5 17:45 Makefile.am [root@localhost auto_make_test]# automake --add-missing configure.ac:8: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated. ?For more info, see: configure.ac:8: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation configure.ac:8: installing './install-sh' configure.ac:8: installing './missing' Makefile.am: installing './depcomp' [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 228 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? ?0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?499 Jan ?5 17:38 configure.ac lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root ? ? 32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root ? ? 35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 78 Jan ?5 17:45 Makefile.am -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root ? ? 32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing [root@localhost auto_make_test]#?

8、執(zhí)行configure：

執(zhí)行configure生成Makefile文件，便可以運(yùn)行make生成可執(zhí)行文件了。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# ./configure? checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 8546 Jan 15 15:34 config.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?32482 Jan 15 15:34 config.status -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?499 Jan ?5 17:38 configure.ac lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root ? ? 32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root ? ? 35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?23092 Jan 15 15:34 Makefile -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 78 Jan ?5 17:45 Makefile.am -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root ? ? 32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 23 Jan 15 15:34 stamp-h1 [root@localhost auto_make_test]# make make all-am make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test' gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT auto_test.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/auto_test.Tpo -c -o auto_test.o auto_test.c mv -f .deps/auto_test.Tpo .deps/auto_test.Po gcc -g -O2 -o auto_test auto_test.o make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test' [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 324 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11048 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 81 Jan 5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5984 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test.o -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 778 Jan 15 15:34 config.h -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8546 Jan 15 15:34 config.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32482 Jan 15 15:34 config.status -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 499 Jan 5 17:38 configure.ac lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23092 Jan 15 15:34 Makefile -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 78 Jan 5 17:45 Makefile.am -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Jan 15 15:34 stamp-h1 [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ./auto_test auto make test [root@localhost auto_make_test]#

此外還可以執(zhí)行make的其他操作比如打包、install、uninstall等：
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[root@localhost auto_make_test]# make dist make ?dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test' if test -d "auto_test-1.0"; then find "auto_test-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0"; }; else :; fi test -d "auto_test-1.0" || mkdir "auto_test-1.0" test -n "" \ || find "auto_test-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/mycode/auto_make_test/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \ || chmod -R a+r "auto_test-1.0" tardir=auto_test-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >auto_test-1.0.tar.gz make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test' if test -d "auto_test-1.0"; then find "auto_test-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0"; }; else :; fi [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll total 400 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? ?0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?11048 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?71596 Jan 15 15:37 auto_test-1.0.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 81 Jan ?5 17:01 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 5984 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test.o -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?778 Jan 15 15:34 config.h -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 8546 Jan 15 15:34 config.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?32482 Jan 15 15:34 config.status

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autogen.sh實(shí)例

之前介紹的automake貌似工序過(guò)于復(fù)雜，在這里其實(shí)是沒(méi)有必要做這么復(fù)雜的工作的，完全可以將其抽象成一個(gè)模板性質(zhì)的腳本將各個(gè)工序都集中到腳本里面，使用者只需要稍微修改自己的配置文件即可，直白點(diǎn)就是使用autogen.sh，相信這個(gè)腳本在很多的開(kāi)源代碼甚至網(wǎng)上的帖子討論中都已經(jīng)泛濫了。在此也使用這個(gè)腳本，然后再代碼中只需要補(bǔ)充上configure.ac和Makefile.am文件即可。具體流程如下所示：

1.準(zhǔn)備文件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir autogen_test [root@localhost ~]# cd autogen_test/ [root@localhost autogen_test]# mkdir src? [root@localhost autogen_test]# cd src/

測(cè)試代碼：

[root@localhost src]# vim auto_test.c [root@localhost src]# cat auto_test.c #include <stdio.h>int main() {printf("auto make test\n");return 0; }

編寫源碼的Makefile.am

[root@localhost src]# vim Makefile.am [root@localhost src]# cat Makefile.am? bin_PROGRAMS=auto_test auto_test_SOURCES=auto_test.c auto_test_LDADD= LIBS=-lm INCLUDES=-I/usr/include

?編寫外層目錄Makefile.am

[root@localhost src]# cd .. [root@localhost autogen_test]# vim Makefile.am? [root@localhost autogen_test]# cat Makefile.am? SUBDIRS = src.PHONY: auto_cleanauto_clean: distcleanfind . -name Makefile.in -exec rm -f {} \;rm -rf autom4te.cacherm -f missing aclocal.m4 config.h.in config.guess config.sub ltmain.sh install-sh configure depcomp compile

?編寫autogen.sh文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# vim autogen.sh? [root@localhost autogen_test]# cat autogen.sh? #!/bin/shecho echo ... auto_test autogen ... echo## Check all dependencies are present MISSING=""# Check for aclocal env aclocal --version > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenACLOCAL=aclocal elseMISSING="$MISSING aclocal" fi# Check for autoconf env autoconf --version > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenAUTOCONF=autoconf elseMISSING="$MISSING autoconf" fi# Check for autoheader env autoheader --version > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenAUTOHEADER=autoheader elseMISSING="$MISSING autoheader" fi# Check for automake env automake --version > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenAUTOMAKE=automake elseMISSING="$MISSING automake" fi# Check for libtoolize or glibtoolize env libtoolize --version > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then# libtoolize was found, so use itTOOL=libtoolize else# libtoolize wasn't found, so check for glibtoolizeenv glibtoolize --version > /dev/null 2>&1if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenTOOL=glibtoolizeelseMISSING="$MISSING libtoolize/glibtoolize"fi fi# Check for tar env tar -cf /dev/null /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenMISSING="$MISSING tar" fi## If dependencies are missing, warn the user and abort if [ "x$MISSING" != "x" ]; thenecho "Aborting."echoecho "The following build tools are missing:"echofor pkg in $MISSING; doecho " ?* $pkg"doneechoecho "Please install them and try again."echoexit 1 fi## Do the autogeneration echo Running ${ACLOCAL}... $ACLOCAL? echo Running ${AUTOHEADER}... $AUTOHEADER echo Running ${TOOL}... $TOOL --automake --copy --force echo Running ${AUTOCONF}... $AUTOCONF echo Running ${AUTOMAKE}... $AUTOMAKE --add-missing --force-missing --copy --foreign# Run autogen in the argp-standalone sub-directory #echo "Running autogen.sh in argp-standalone ..." #( cd contrib/argp-standalone;./autogen.sh )# Instruct user on next steps echo echo "Please proceed with configuring, compiling, and installing."

編寫configure.ac文件

[root@localhost autogen_test]# vim configure.ac? [root@localhost autogen_test]# cat configure.ac? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -*- Autoconf -*- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.AC_PREREQ([2.69]) AC_INIT([auto_test],[1.0],[751772517@qq.com])AC_SUBST([PACKAGE_RELEASE],[1.0],[751772517@qq.com])AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(auto_test,1.0) AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/auto_test.c]) AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h]) AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefilesrc/Makefile])# Checks for programs. AC_PROG_CC AC_PROG_LIBTOOL# Checks for libraries.# Checks for header files. AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stddef.h string.h])# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics. AC_HEADER_STDBOOL AC_TYPE_SIZE_T# Checks for library functions. AC_FUNC_REALLOC AC_CHECK_FUNCS([memset socket])AC_OUTPUT

文件結(jié)構(gòu)：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# tree . |-- autogen.sh |-- configure.ac |-- Makefile.am `-- src|-- auto_test.c`-- Makefile.am1 directory, 5 files [root@localhost autogen_test]#

截止到這里所有的文件都已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好了，也就是說(shuō)前期的準(zhǔn)備就可以了，后續(xù)只需要運(yùn)行腳本就可以生成Makefile文件了

2.生成Makefile

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ./autogen.sh?... auto_test autogen ...Running aclocal... Running autoheader... Running libtoolize... Running autoconf... Running automake... configure.ac:9: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated. ?For more info, see: configure.ac:9: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation configure.ac:17: installing './config.guess' configure.ac:17: installing './config.sub' configure.ac:9: installing './install-sh' configure.ac:9: installing './missing' src/Makefile.am:5: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS') src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'Please proceed with configuring, compiling, and installing.

查看文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ll total 1224 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 346593 Jan 19 10:47 aclocal.m4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ? 1986 Jan 18 15:22 autogen.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan 19 10:47 autom4te.cache -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?45297 Jan 19 10:47 config.guess -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 2278 Jan 19 10:47 config.h.in -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?35533 Jan 19 10:47 config.sub -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 415594 Jan 19 10:47 configure -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ? ?708 Jan 18 16:03 configure.ac -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?23566 Jan 19 10:47 depcomp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?13997 Jan 19 10:47 install-sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 283474 Jan 19 10:47 ltmain.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?229 Jan 19 10:45 Makefile.am -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?24704 Jan 19 10:47 Makefile.in -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ? 6873 Jan 19 10:47 missing drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan 19 10:47 src

?執(zhí)行configure

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ./configure checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking for gcc... gcc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables...? checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking how to print strings... printf checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E checking for fgrep... /usr/bin/grep -F checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm checking whether ln -s works... yes checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864 checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r checking for objdump... objdump checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all checking for dlltool... no checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n checking for ar... ar checking for archiver @FILE support... @ checking for strip... strip checking for ranlib... ranlib checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok checking for sysroot... no checking for mt... no checking if : is a manifest tool... no checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking for dlfcn.h... yes checking for objdir... .libs checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes checking if gcc static flag -static works... no checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes checking whether to build shared libraries... yes checking whether to build static libraries... yes checking stddef.h usability... yes checking stddef.h presence... yes checking for stddef.h... yes checking for string.h... (cached) yes checking for stdbool.h that conforms to C99... yes checking for _Bool... yes checking for size_t... yes checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes checking for GNU libc compatible realloc... yes checking for memset... yes checking for socket... yes checking that generated files are newer than configure... done configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating src/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: executing depfiles commands config.status: executing libtool commands

?查看生成的文件

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ll total 1644 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 346593 Jan 19 10:47 aclocal.m4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ? 1986 Jan 18 15:22 autogen.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root ? 4096 Jan 19 10:47 autom4te.cache -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?45297 Jan 19 10:47 config.guess -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 2504 Jan 19 10:48 config.h -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 2278 Jan 19 10:47 config.h.in -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?25756 Jan 19 10:48 config.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?61429 Jan 19 10:48 config.status -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?35533 Jan 19 10:47 config.sub -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 415594 Jan 19 10:47 configure -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ? ?708 Jan 18 16:03 configure.ac -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?23566 Jan 19 10:47 depcomp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ?13997 Jan 19 10:47 install-sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 292999 Jan 19 10:48 libtool -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 283474 Jan 19 10:47 ltmain.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?24843 Jan 19 10:48 Makefile -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?229 Jan 19 10:45 Makefile.am -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?24704 Jan 19 10:47 Makefile.in -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ? 6873 Jan 19 10:47 missing drwxr-xr-x 3 root root ? 4096 Jan 19 10:48 src -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ? 23 Jan 19 10:48 stamp-h1 [root@localhost autogen_test]#?

到這里就生成了Makefile文件，所有的都是直接運(yùn)行腳本自動(dòng)生成的。

3.編譯 測(cè)試

?

[root@localhost autogen_test]# make? make ?all-recursive make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test' Making all in src make[2]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src' gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I/usr/include ? ?-g -O2 -MT auto_test.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/auto_test.Tpo -c -o auto_test.o auto_test.c mv -f .deps/auto_test.Tpo .deps/auto_test.Po /bin/sh ../libtool ?--tag=CC ? --mode=link gcc ?-g -O2 ? -o auto_test auto_test.o ?-lm libtool: link: gcc -g -O2 -o auto_test auto_test.o ?-lm make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'

查看生成的可執(zhí)行文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ll src/ total 68 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11048 Jan 19 10:49 auto_test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? ?81 Jan 18 15:11 auto_test.c -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ?5992 Jan 19 10:49 auto_test.o -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18522 Jan 19 10:48 Makefile -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ? 103 Jan 18 15:16 Makefile.am -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18875 Jan 19 10:47 Makefile.in

?執(zhí)行可執(zhí)行程序：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ./src/auto_test? auto make test 執(zhí)行make auto_clean[root@localhost autogen_test]# make auto_clean Making distclean in src make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src'rm -f auto_test rm -rf .libs _libs rm -f *.o rm -f *.lo rm -f *.tab.c test -z "" || rm -f? test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f? rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags rm -rf ./.deps rm -f Makefile make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src' make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test' rm -rf .libs _libs rm -f *.lo test -z "" || rm -f? test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f? rm -f config.h stamp-h1 rm -f libtool config.lt rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags rm -f cscope.out cscope.in.out cscope.po.out cscope.files make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test' rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno rm -f Makefile find . -name Makefile.in -exec rm -f {} \; rm -rf autom4te.cache rm -f missing aclocal.m4 config.h.in config.guess config.sub ltmain.sh install-sh configure depcomp compile

?查看清理完畢后的文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# tree . |-- autogen.sh |-- configure.ac |-- Makefile.am `-- src|-- auto_test.c`-- Makefile.am1 directory, 5 files [root@localhost autogen_test]#?

測(cè)試成功，makefi文件可以正常使用，這里就可以將其抽象成一個(gè)模板性質(zhì)的東西，也就是說(shuō)以后要用的時(shí)候只需要修改配置文件configure.ac以及src/Makefile.am即可，自己的代碼可以任意的填充，當(dāng)然多目錄的也是如此只需要增加相應(yīng)的目錄以及對(duì)于的Makefile.am文件即可，在根目錄下的Makefile.am把目錄名填寫進(jìn)去就可以自動(dòng)執(zhí)行腳本掃描目錄生成Makefile文件進(jìn)行編譯了，這種用法相對(duì)于前文來(lái)說(shuō)工序是一樣的只不過(guò)是將單個(gè)的命令封裝到腳本里面了，這樣用起來(lái)就方便多了。

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版權(quán)聲明：本文為CSDN博主「kongslly」的原創(chuàng)文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版權(quán)協(xié)議，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)附上原文出處鏈接及本聲明。
原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/kongshuai19900505/article/details/79104442

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