文章目錄

• • ifstat
  • iftop

ifstat

Ifstat is a little tool to report interface activity, just like iostat/vmstat do for other system statistics.

• ifstat 工具是個網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口監(jiān)測工具,比較簡單看網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量
  默認(rèn)的使用方式：ifstat

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstatenp4s0 wlp3s0b1 KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.00 2.29 28.130.00 0.00 0.64 0.000.00 0.00 0.77 0.000.00 0.00 0.64 0.09 ifstat 默認(rèn)不監(jiān)測環(huán)回接口的數(shù)據(jù)，監(jiān)測所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的時候使用：ifstat -a andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstat -alo enp4s0 wlp3s0b1 KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 1.310.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ifstat -l監(jiān)聽含有環(huán)回地址的網(wǎng)卡活躍流量

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstat -llo enp4s0 wlp3s0b1 KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.450.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.090.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09

ifstat -z 忽略網(wǎng)卡up但是沒有流量的網(wǎng)卡

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstat -zwlp3s0b1 KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.00

ifstat -i指定監(jiān)聽的網(wǎng)卡
Specifies the list of interfaces to monitor, separated by commas (if an interface name has a comma, it can be escaped with '\'). Multiple instances of the options are added together.

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstat -i lolo KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.000.00 0.000.00 0.00

ifstat -s/d
Specifies a driver to use to gather stats and an eventual option for this driver separated of the driver name by a colon.

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ sudo ifstat -d procenp4s0 wlp3s0b1 KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.00 0.04 0.090.00 0.00 0.06 0.080.00 0.00 0.15 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ifstat -t `增加時間戳

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstat -tTime enp4s0 wlp3s0b1 HH:MM:SS KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out 21:54:23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21:54:24 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 21:54:25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 21:54:26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 21:54:27 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.09

ifstat -T 報告所有網(wǎng)卡的網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量的和

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~$ ifstat -Tenp4s0 wlp3s0b1 Total KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out KB/s in KB/s out0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.06 -h Displays a short help message. -n Turns off displaying the header periodically.-A Disables use of interface indexes: by default, when polling mechanism is index based (snmp, ifmib), ifstat remembersindexes of monitored interfaces to poll only them. However, if interfaces indexes change often (new interfaces added, etc),you might loose some stats, hence this flag. Note that if you ask ifstat to monitor a non existent interface, it will pollall interfaces until it finds the requested one (regardless of this flag) so you can poll for an interface that goes up anddown.-w Uses fixed width columns, instead of enlarging them if needed for interfaces names to fit.-W Wrap lines that are larger than the terminal width (implies -w). Wrapped lines are prefixed with a cycling letter to easereading.-S Keep stats updated on the same line if possible (no scrolling nor wrapping).-b Reports bandwith in kbits/sec instead of kbytes/sec.-q Quiet mode, warnings are not printed.-v Displays version and the compiled-in drivers.

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iftop

`iftop`是一款實時流量監(jiān)測工具，監(jiān)測tcp/ip的連接 `iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host`

參數(shù)

iftop -h | [-nNpblBP] [-i interface] [-f filter code] [-F net/mask] [-G net6/mask6]

直接顯示IP不進(jìn)行DNS反解析

sudo iftop -n -i wlp3s0b1

不對網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口號進(jìn)行解析

sudo iftop -N -i wlp3s0b1

監(jiān)測指定網(wǎng)段

sudo iftop -F 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 -i wlp3s0b1 -p Run in promiscuous mode, so that traffic which does not pass directly through the specified interface is also counted.-P Turn on port display.-l Display and count datagrams addressed to or from link-local IPv6 addresses. The default is not to display that addresscategory.-b Don't display bar graphs of traffic.-m limitSet the upper limit for the bandwidth scale. Specified as a number with a 'K', 'M' or 'G' suffix.-B Display bandwidth rates in bytes/sec rather than bits/sec.-i interfaceListen to packets on interface.-f filter codeUse filter code to select the packets to count. Only IP packets are ever counted, so the specified code is evaluated as(filter code) and ip.-F net/maskSpecifies an IPv4 network for traffic analysis. If specified, iftop will only include packets flowing in to or out ofthe given network, and packet direction is determined relative to the network boundary, rather than to the interface.You may specify mask as a dotted quad, such as /255.255.255.0, or as a single number specifying the number of bits setin the netmask, such as /24.-G net6/mask6Specifies an IPv6 network for traffic analysis. The value of mask6 can be given as a prefix length or as a numericaladdress string for more compound bitmasking.-c config fileSpecifies an alternate config file. If not specified, iftop will use ~/.iftoprc if it exists. See below for adescription of config files-t text output modeUse text interface without ncurses and print the output to STDOUT.DISPLAYWhen running, iftop uses the whole screen to display network usage. At the top of the display is a logarithmic scale for thebar graph which gives a visual indication of traffic.The main part of the display lists, for each pair of hosts, the rate at which data has been sent and received over the preced‐ing 2, 10 and 40 second intervals. The direction of data flow is indicated by arrows, <= and =>. For instance,foo.example.com => bar.example.com 1Kb 500b 100b<= 2Mb 2Mb 2Mbshows, on the first line, traffic from foo.example.com to bar.example.com; in the preceding 2 seconds, this averaged 1Kbit/s,around half that amount over the preceding 10s, and a fifth of that over the whole of the last 40s. During each of thoseintervals, the data sent in the other direction was about 2Mbit/s. On the actual display, part of each line is inverted togive a visual indication of the 10s average of traffic. You might expect to see something like this where host foo is makingrepeated HTTP requests to bar, which is sending data back which saturates a 2Mbit/s link.By default, the pairs of hosts responsible for the most traffic (10 second average) are displayed at the top of the list.At the bottom of the display, various totals are shown, including peak traffic over the last 40s, total traffic transferred(after filtering), and total transfer rates averaged over 2s, 10s and 40s.SOURCE / DEST AGGREGATIONBy pressing s or d while iftop is running, all traffic for each source or destination will be aggregated together. This ismost useful when iftop is run in promiscuous mode, or is run on a gateway machine.PORT DISPLAYS or D toggle the display of source and destination ports respectively. p will toggle port display on/off.DISPLAY TYPEt cycles through the four line display modes; the default 2-line display, with sent and received traffic on separate lines,and 3 1-line displays, with sent, received, or total traffic shown. DISPLAY ORDERBy default, the display is ordered according to the 10s average (2nd column). By pressing 1, 2 or 3 it is possible to sort bythe 1st, 2nd or 3rd column. By pressing < or > the display will be sorted by source or destination hostname respectively.DISPLAY FILTERINGl allows you to enter a POSIX extended regular expression that will be used to filter hostnames shown in the display. This isa good way to quickly limit what is shown on the display. Note that this happens at a much later stage than filter code, anddoes not affect what is actually captured. Display filters DO NOT affect the totals at the bottom of the screen.PAUSE DISPLAY / FREEZE ORDERP will pause the current display.o will freeze the current screen order. This has the side effect that traffic between hosts not shown on the screen at thetime will not be shown at all, although it will be included in the totals at the bottom of the screen.SCROLL DISPLAYj and k will scroll the display of hosts. This feature is most useful when the display order is frozen (see above).FILTER CODEf allows you to edit the filter code whilst iftop running. This can lead to some unexpected behaviour.CONFIG FILEiftop can read its configuration from a config file. If the -c option is not specified, iftop will attempt to read its con‐figuration from ~/.iftoprc, if it exists. Any command line options specified will override settings in the config file.The config file consists of one configuration directive per line. Each directive is a name value pair, for example:interface: eth0sets the network interface. The following config directives are supported:interface: ifSets the network interface to if.dns-resolution: (yes|no)Controls reverse lookup of IP addresses.port-resolution: (yes|no)Controls conversion of port numbers to service names.filter-code: bpfSets the filter code to bpf.show-bars: (yes|no)Controls display of bar graphs.promiscuous: (yes|no)Puts the interface into promiscuous mode.port-display: (off|source-only|destination-only|on)Controls display of port numbers.link-local: (yes|no)Determines displaying of link-local IPv6 addresses.hide-source: (yes|no)Hides source host names.hide-destination: (yes|no)Hides destination host names.use-bytes: (yes|no)Use bytes for bandwidth display, rather than bits.sort: (2s|10s|40s|source|destination)Sets which column is used to sort the display.line-display: (two-line|one-line-both|one-line-sent|one-line-received)Controls the appearance of each item in the display.show-totals: (yes|no)Shows cumulative total for each item.log-scale: (yes|no)Use a logarithmic scale for bar graphs.max-bandwidth: bwFixes the maximum for the bar graph scale to bw, e.g. "10M". Note that the value has to always be in bits, regardlessif the option to display in bytes has been chosen.net-filter: net/maskDefines an IP network boundary for determining packet direction.net-filter6: net6/mask6Defines an IPv6 network boundary for determining packet direction.screen-filter: regexpSets a regular expression to filter screen output.QUIRKS (aka they're features, not bugs)There are some circumstances in which iftop may not do what you expect. In most cases what it is doing is logical, and webelieve it is correct behaviour, although I'm happy to hear reasoned arguments for alternative behaviour.Totals don't add upThere are several reasons why the totals may not appear to add up. The most obvious is having a screen filter in effect, orscreen ordering frozen. In this case some captured information is not being shown to you, but is included in the totals.A more subtle explanation comes about when running in promiscuous mode without specifying a -F option. In this case there isno easy way to assign the direction of traffic between two third parties. For the purposes of the main display this is donein an arbitrary fashion (by ordering of IP addresses), but for the sake of totals all traffic between other hosts is accountedas incoming, because that's what it is from the point of view of your interface. The -F option allows you to specify an arbi‐trary network boundary, and to show traffic flowing across it.Peak totals don't add upAgain, this is a feature. The peak sent and peak received didn't necessarily happen at the same time. The peak total is themaximum of sent plus received in each captured time division.Changing the filter code doesn't seem to workGive it time. Changing the filter code affects what is captured from the time that you entered it, but most of what is on thedisplay is based on some fraction of the last 40s window of capturing. After changing the filter there may be entries on thedisplay that are disallowed by the current filter for up to 40s. DISPLAY FILTERING has immediate effect and does not affectwhat is captured. FILES~/.iftoprcConfiguration file for iftop. 進(jìn)入iftop畫面后的一些操作命令(注意大小寫)按h切換是否顯示幫助;按n切換顯示本機的IP或主機名;按s切換是否顯示本機的host信息;按d切換是否顯示遠(yuǎn)端目標(biāo)主機的host信息;按t切換顯示格式為2行/1行/只顯示發(fā)送流量/只顯示接收流量;按N切換顯示端口號或端口服務(wù)名稱;按S切換是否顯示本機的端口信息;按D切換是否顯示遠(yuǎn)端目標(biāo)主機的端口信息;按p切換是否顯示端口信息;按P切換暫停/繼續(xù)顯示;按b切換是否顯示平均流量圖形條;按B切換計算2秒或10秒或40秒內(nèi)的平均流量;按T切換是否顯示每個連接的總流量;按l打開屏幕過濾功能，輸入要過濾的字符，比如ip,按回車后，屏幕就只顯示這個IP相關(guān)的流量信息;按L切換顯示畫面上邊的刻度;刻度不同，流量圖形條會有變化;按j或按k可以向上或向下滾動屏幕顯示的連接記錄;按1或2或3可以根據(jù)右側(cè)顯示的三列流量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行排序;按<根據(jù)左邊的本機名或IP排序;按>根據(jù)遠(yuǎn)端目標(biāo)主機的主機名或IP排序;按o切換是否固定只顯示當(dāng)前的連接;按f可以編輯過濾代碼，這是翻譯過來的說法，我還沒用過這個！按!可以使用shell命令，這個沒用過！沒搞明白啥命令在這好用呢！按q退出監(jiān)控。 與50位技術(shù)專家面對面20年技術(shù)見證，附贈技術(shù)全景圖

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