postgresql中装gis插件_Postgresql 空间扩展需要Postgis插件
下載Postgis
Postgresql擴(kuò)展Postgis
Windows:
SQL Shell進(jìn)入需要擴(kuò)展Postgis的數(shù)據(jù)庫。
hngsmm=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
Linux :
yum install postgis2_94 # 因?yàn)榘惭b的PostgreSQL版本為9.4,所以是postgis2_94
注:需要PostgreSQL9.1以上版本才支持PostGIS.
PostGIS中的常用函數(shù)
......好幾頁省略.....
首先需要說明一下,這里許多函數(shù)是以ST_[X]yyy形式命名的,事實(shí)上很多函數(shù)也可以通過xyyy的形式訪問,在PostGIS的函數(shù)庫中我們可以看到這兩種函數(shù)定義完全一樣。
1. OGC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)
管理函數(shù):
添加幾何字段AddGeometryColumn(,,,,,)
刪除幾何字段DropGeometryColumn(,,)
檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫幾何字段并在geometry_columns中歸檔Probe_Geometry_Columns()
給幾何對(duì)象設(shè)置空間參考(在通過一個(gè)范圍做空間查詢時(shí)常用)ST_SetSRID(geometry,integer)
幾何對(duì)象關(guān)系函數(shù):
獲取兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象間的距離ST_Distance(geometry,geometry)
如果兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象間距離在給定值范圍內(nèi),則返回TRUE ST_DWithin(geometry,geometry,float)
判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象是否相等
(比如LINESTRING(00,22)和LINESTRING(00,11,22)是相同的幾何對(duì)象)ST_Equals(geometry,geometry)
判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象是否分離ST_Disjoint(geometry,geometry)
判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象是否相交ST_Intersects(geometry,geometry)
判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象的邊緣是否接觸ST_Touches(geometry,geometry)
判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象是否互相穿過ST_Crosses(geometry,geometry)
判斷A是否被B包含ST_Within(geometry A,geometry B)
判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象是否是重疊ST_Overlaps(geometry,geometry)
判斷A是否包含B ST_Contains(geometry A,geometry B)
判斷A是否覆蓋B ST_Covers(geometry A,geometry B)
判斷A是否被B所覆蓋ST_CoveredBy(geometry A,geometry B)
通過DE-9IM矩陣判斷兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象的關(guān)系是否成立ST_Relate(geometry,geometry,intersectionPatternMatrix)
獲得兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象的關(guān)系(DE-9IM矩陣)ST_Relate(geometry,geometry)
幾何對(duì)象處理函數(shù):
獲取幾何對(duì)象的中心ST_Centroid(geometry)
面積量測ST_Area(geometry)
長度量測ST_Length(geometry)
返回曲面上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)ST_PointOnSurface(geometry)
獲取邊界ST_Boundary(geometry)
獲取緩沖后的幾何對(duì)象ST_Buffer(geometry,double,[integer])
獲取多幾何對(duì)象的外接對(duì)象ST_ConvexHull(geometry)
獲取兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象相交的部分ST_Intersection(geometry,geometry)
將經(jīng)度小于0的值加360使所有經(jīng)度值在0-360間ST_Shift_Longitude(geometry)
獲取兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象不相交的部分(A、B可互換)ST_SymDifference(geometry A,geometry B)
從A去除和B相交的部分后返回ST_Difference(geometry A,geometry B)
返回兩個(gè)幾何對(duì)象的合并結(jié)果ST_Union(geometry,geometry)
返回一系列幾何對(duì)象的合并結(jié)果ST_Union(geometryset)
用較少的內(nèi)存和較長的時(shí)間完成合并操作,結(jié)果和ST_Union相同ST_MemUnion(geometryset)
幾何對(duì)象存取函數(shù):
獲取幾何對(duì)象的WKT描述ST_AsText(geometry)
獲取幾何對(duì)象的WKB描述ST_AsBinary(geometry)
獲取幾何對(duì)象的空間參考ID ST_SRID(geometry)
獲取幾何對(duì)象的維數(shù)ST_Dimension(geometry)
獲取幾何對(duì)象的邊界范圍ST_Envelope(geometry)
判斷幾何對(duì)象是否為空ST_IsEmpty(geometry)
判斷幾何對(duì)象是否不包含特殊點(diǎn)(比如自相交)ST_IsSimple(geometry)
判斷幾何對(duì)象是否閉合ST_IsClosed(geometry)
判斷曲線是否閉合并且不包含特殊點(diǎn)ST_IsRing(geometry)
獲取多幾何對(duì)象中的對(duì)象個(gè)數(shù)ST_NumGeometries(geometry)
獲取多幾何對(duì)象中第N個(gè)對(duì)象ST_GeometryN(geometry,int)
獲取幾何對(duì)象中的點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)ST_NumPoints(geometry)
獲取幾何對(duì)象的第N個(gè)點(diǎn)ST_PointN(geometry,integer)
獲取多邊形的外邊緣ST_ExteriorRing(geometry)
獲取多邊形內(nèi)邊界個(gè)數(shù)ST_NumInteriorRings(geometry)
同上ST_NumInteriorRing(geometry)
獲取多邊形的第N個(gè)內(nèi)邊界ST_InteriorRingN(geometry,integer)
獲取線的終點(diǎn)ST_EndPoint(geometry)
獲取線的起始點(diǎn)ST_StartPoint(geometry)
獲取幾何對(duì)象的類型GeometryType(geometry)
類似上,但是不檢查M值,即POINTM對(duì)象會(huì)被判斷為point ST_GeometryType(geometry)
獲取點(diǎn)的X坐標(biāo)ST_X(geometry)
獲取點(diǎn)的Y坐標(biāo)ST_Y(geometry)
獲取點(diǎn)的Z坐標(biāo)ST_Z(geometry)
獲取點(diǎn)的M值ST_M(geometry)
幾何對(duì)象構(gòu)造函數(shù):
參考語義: Text:WKT WKB:WKB Geom:Geometry M:Multi Bd:BuildArea Coll:Collection ST_GeomFromText(text,[])
ST_PointFromText(text,[])
ST_LineFromText(text,[])
ST_LinestringFromText(text,[])
ST_PolyFromText(text,[])
ST_PolygonFromText(text,[])
ST_MPointFromText(text,[])
ST_MLineFromText(text,[])
ST_MPolyFromText(text,[])
ST_GeomCollFromText(text,[])
ST_GeomFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_GeometryFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PointFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_LineFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_LinestringFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PolyFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PolygonFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MPointFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MLineFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MPolyFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_GeomCollFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_BdPolyFromText(text WKT,integer SRID)
ST_BdMPolyFromText(text WKT,integer SRID)
PostGIS擴(kuò)展函數(shù)
管理函數(shù):
刪除一個(gè)空間表(包括geometry_columns中的記錄) DropGeometryTable([], ) 更新空間表的空間參考 UpdateGeometrySRID([], , , ) 更新空間表的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息 update_geometry_stats([, ])
參考語義: Geos:GEOS庫 Jts:JTS庫 Proj:PROJ4庫 postgis_version()
postgis_lib_version()
postgis_lib_build_date()
postgis_script_build_date()
postgis_scripts_installed()
postgis_scripts_released()
postgis_geos_version()
postgis_jts_version()
postgis_proj_version()
postgis_uses_stats()
postgis_full_version()
幾何操作符:
A范圍=B范圍A=B
A范圍覆蓋B范圍或A范圍在B范圍左側(cè)A&<>B
A范圍在B范圍左側(cè)A<<>>B
A范圍覆蓋B范圍或A范圍在B范圍下方A&B
A范圍在B范圍下方A<>B
A=B A~=B
A范圍被B范圍包含A@B
A范圍包含B范圍A~B
A范圍覆蓋B范圍A&&B
幾何量測函數(shù):
量測面積ST_Area(geometry)
根據(jù)經(jīng)緯度點(diǎn)計(jì)算在地球曲面上的距離,單位米,地球半徑取值6370986米ST_distance_sphere(point,point)
類似上,使用指定的地球橢球參數(shù)ST_distance_spheroid(point,point,spheroid)
量測2D對(duì)象長度ST_length2d(geometry)
量測3D對(duì)象長度ST_length3d(geometry)
根據(jù)經(jīng)緯度對(duì)象計(jì)算在地球曲面上的長度ST_length_spheroid(geometry,spheroid)
ST_length3d_spheroid(geometry,spheroid)
量測兩個(gè)對(duì)象間距離ST_distance(geometry,geometry)
量測兩條線之間的最大距離ST_max_distance(linestring,linestring)
量測2D對(duì)象的周長ST_perimeter(geometry)
ST_perimeter2d(geometry)
量測3D對(duì)象的周長ST_perimeter3d(geometry)
量測兩點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的方位角,單位弧度ST_azimuth(geometry,geometry)
幾何對(duì)象輸出:
參考語義: NDR:Little Endian XDR:big-endian HEXEWKB:Canonical SVG:SVG 格式 GML:GML 格式 KML:KML 格式 GeoJson:GeoJson 格式
ST_AsBinary(geometry,{'NDR'|'XDR'})
ST_AsEWKT(geometry)
ST_AsEWKB(geometry,{'NDR'|'XDR'})
ST_AsHEXEWKB(geometry,{'NDR'|'XDR'})
ST_AsSVG(geometry,[rel],[precision])
ST_AsGML([version],geometry,[precision])
ST_AsKML([version],geometry,[precision])
ST_AsGeoJson([version],geometry,[precision],[options])
幾何對(duì)象創(chuàng)建:
參考語義: Dump:轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ) ST_GeomFromEWKT(text)
ST_GeomFromEWKB(bytea)
ST_MakePoint(,,[],[])
ST_MakePointM(,,)
ST_MakeBox2D(,)
ST_MakeBox3D(,)
ST_MakeLine(geometryset)
ST_MakeLine(geometry,geometry)
ST_LineFromMultiPoint(multipoint)
ST_MakePolygon(linestring,[linestring[]])
ST_BuildArea(geometry)
ST_Polygonize(geometryset)
ST_Collect(geometryset)
ST_Collect(geometry,geometry)
ST_Dump(geometry)
ST_DumpRings(geometry)
幾何對(duì)象編輯:
給幾何對(duì)象添加一個(gè)邊界,會(huì)使查詢速度加快ST_AddBBOX(geometry)
刪除幾何對(duì)象的邊界ST_DropBBOX(geometry)
添加、刪除、設(shè)置點(diǎn)ST_AddPoint(linestring,point,[])
ST_RemovePoint(linestring,offset)
ST_SetPoint(linestring,N,point)
幾何對(duì)象類型轉(zhuǎn)換ST_Force_collection(geometry)
ST_Force_2d(geometry)
ST_Force_3dz(geometry),ST_Force_3d(geometry),
ST_Force_3dm(geometry)
ST_Force_4d(geometry)
ST_Multi(geometry)
將幾何對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)化到指定空間參考ST_Transform(geometry,integer)
對(duì)3D幾何對(duì)象作仿射變化ST_Affine(geometry,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8)
對(duì)2D幾何對(duì)象作仿射變化ST_Affine(geometry,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8,float8)
對(duì)幾何對(duì)象作偏移ST_Translate(geometry,float8,float8,float8)
對(duì)幾何對(duì)象作縮放ST_Scale(geometry,float8,float8,float8)
對(duì)3D幾何對(duì)象作旋轉(zhuǎn)ST_RotateZ(geometry,float8)
ST_RotateX(geometry,float8)
ST_RotateY(geometry,float8)
對(duì)2D對(duì)象作偏移和縮放ST_TransScale(geometry,float8,float8,float8,float8)
反轉(zhuǎn)ST_Reverse(geometry)
轉(zhuǎn)化到右手定則ST_ForceRHR(geometry)
參考IsSimple函數(shù)
使用Douglas-Peuker算法ST_Simplify(geometry,tolerance)
ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology(geometry,tolerance)
講幾何對(duì)象頂點(diǎn)捕捉到網(wǎng)格ST_SnapToGrid(geometry,originX,originY,sizeX,sizeY)
ST_SnapToGrid(geometry,sizeX,sizeY),ST_SnapToGrid(geometry,size)
第二個(gè)參數(shù)為點(diǎn),指定原點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)ST_SnapToGrid(geometry,geometry,sizeX,sizeY,sizeZ,sizeM)
分段ST_Segmentize(geometry,maxlength)
合并為線ST_LineMerge(geometry)
線性參考:
根據(jù)location(0-1)獲得該位置的點(diǎn)ST_line_interpolate_point(linestring,location)
獲取一段線ST_line_substring(linestring,start,end)
根據(jù)點(diǎn)獲取location(0-1)ST_line_locate_point(LineString,Point)
根據(jù)量測值獲得幾何對(duì)象ST_locate_along_measure(geometry,float8)
根據(jù)量測值區(qū)間獲得幾何對(duì)象集合ST_locate_between_measures(geometry,float8,float8)
雜項(xiàng)功能函數(shù):
幾何對(duì)象的摘要ST_Summary(geometry)
幾何對(duì)象的邊界ST_box2d(geometry)
ST_box3d(geometry)
多個(gè)幾何對(duì)象的邊界ST_extent(geometryset)
0=2d,1=3dm,2=3dz,3=4dST_zmflag(geometry)
是否包含BoundingBoxST_HasBBOX(geometry)
幾何對(duì)象的維數(shù):2、3、4ST_ndims(geometry)
子對(duì)象的個(gè)數(shù)ST_nrings(geometry)
ST_npoints(geometry)
對(duì)象是否驗(yàn)證成功ST_isvalid(geometry)
擴(kuò)大幾何對(duì)象ST_expand(geometry,float)
計(jì)算一個(gè)空間表的邊界范圍ST_estimated_extent([schema],table,geocolumn)
獲得空間參考ST_find_srid(,,)
幾何對(duì)象使用的內(nèi)存大小,單位byteST_mem_size(geometry)
點(diǎn)是否在圓上ST_point_inside_circle(,,,)
獲取邊界的X、Y、Z ST_XMin(box3d)
ST_YMin(box3d)
ST_ZMin(box3d)
ST_XMax(box3d)
ST_YMax(box3d)
ST_ZMax(box3d)
構(gòu)造一個(gè)幾何對(duì)象的數(shù)組ST_Accum(geometryset)
長事務(wù)支持:
啟用/關(guān)閉長事務(wù)支持,重復(fù)調(diào)用無副作用EnableLongTransactions()
DisableLongTransactions()
檢查對(duì)行的update和delete操作是否已授權(quán)CheckAuth([],,)
鎖定行LockRow([],,,,[])
解鎖行UnlockRows()
在當(dāng)前事務(wù)中添加授權(quán)IDAddAuth()
其它還有SQL-MM和ArcSDE樣式的函數(shù)支持,可以參考http://postgis.refractions.net/documentation/manual-1.3/ch06.html#id2750611,這里就不詳細(xì)列了。
參考閱讀
總結(jié)
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