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进击的docker 二： docker 快速入门

發布時間：2025/3/14 编程问答 26 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了进击的docker 二： docker 快速入门小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

1、安裝docker

1.1、安裝環境

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@docker ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 安裝環境

1.2、安裝docker

yum install docker -y 安裝docker

1.3、查看安裝結果

[root@docker ~]# rpm -qa docker docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14.x86_64 [root@docker ~]# docker --version Docker version 1.10.3, build cb079f6-unsupported 查看docker版本

我們可以通過官方的yum源安裝docker1.12，或在docker官網下載最新版本。

Docker官網：http://www.docker.com/

注：使用docker目前使用的越新越好，因為docker一直都在不足，每次更新都更加的完善。

2、啟動docker

2.1、啟動docker鏡像

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker 啟動docker

2.2、查看docker狀態

[root@docker ~]# systemctl status docker ● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-12-01 20:17:44 CST; 13s agoDocs: http://docs.docker.comMain PID: 7595 (docker-current)CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service└─7595 /usr/bin/docker-current daemon --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journaldDec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.379210415+08:00" level=warning msg="Docker could not enable SELinux on the host system" Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.528222902+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.01 seconds" Dec 01 20:17:42 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:42.301945116+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: true" Dec 01 20:17:43 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:43.809557691+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.1...IP address" Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395349153+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395640410+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395690801+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395765160+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=cb079f6-unsupported execdriver=native-0...sion=1.10.3 Dec 01 20:17:44 docker systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.511453473+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock" Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. 查看docker狀態

?2.3、關閉docker

systemctl stop docker 關閉docker

2.4、查看本地網絡

ifconfig docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 02:42:61:c2:8e:54 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 10.0.0.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255ether 00:0c:29:1c:0e:08 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 182195 bytes 17035479 (16.2 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 14495 bytes 1810618 (1.7 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)RX packets 4 bytes 200 (200.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 4 bytes 200 (200.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 ifconfig

docker啟動后，會生成一個docker:0的網卡（虛擬機也會生成）。

3、基礎命令講解

?下面我將以docker的三大組件，分別講解命令。

鏡像
容器
倉庫

3.1、鏡像

docker 運行容器前需要本地存在對應的鏡像，如果鏡像本地不存在，docker會從鏡像倉庫下載（默認從Docker Hub倉庫下載）。

3.1.1、搜索

docker search [鏡像名稱]

例：查看dockerhub中nginx的鏡像。

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 4755 [OK] docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 880 [OK] docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 315 [OK] docker.io docker.io/million12/nginx-php Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS... 76 [OK] docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 63 [OK] docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx-php Framework container with nginx and PHP-FPM... 58 [OK] docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 20 [OK] docker.io docker.io/evild/alpine-nginx Minimalistic Docker image with Nginx 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/gists/nginx Nginx on Alpine 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx Framework container with nginx installed. 7 [OK] docker.io docker.io/webdevops/nginx Nginx container 7 [OK] docker.io docker.io/1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te... 4 [OK] docker.io docker.io/drupaldocker/nginx NGINX for Drupal 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ixbox/nginx Nginx on Alpine Linux. 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/dock0/nginx Arch container running nginx 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/frekele/nginx docker run --rm --name nginx -p 80:80 -p 4... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/servivum/nginx Nginx Docker Image with Useful Tools 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/xataz/nginx Light nginx image 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/yfix/nginx Yfix own build of the nginx-extras package 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/radial/nginx Spoke container for Nginx, a high performa... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/tozd/nginx Dockerized nginx. 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/c4tech/nginx Several nginx images for web applications. 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/unblibraries/nginx Baseline non-PHP nginx container 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/watsco/nginx nginx:1.11-alpine 0 [OK] 查看倉庫鏡像

3.1.2、下載

docker pull [鏡像名稱]

例：下載docker.io/centos/redis

docker pull docker.io/centos/redis Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/centos/redis ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/centos/redis1d702521dae2: Downloading [=> ] 118.7 kB/5.587 MB 0de01b15a36f: Download complete 66479f7f733c: Download complete c7e83aba718a: Download complete dda623482619: Download complete dda623482619: Pulling fs layer 下載鏡像

3.1.3 導出鏡像

docker save -o [鏡像包名] [鏡像名稱]

例：導出centos基礎鏡像為centos.tar

3.1.4、導入鏡像

docker load --input [鏡像包名]

docker load <[鏡像包名]

3.1.5 查看已有鏡像

docker images

[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB 查看已有鏡像

?在列出的信息中，可以看到幾個字段的信息

來自于那個倉庫（REPOSITORY）
鏡像標記（TAG）
它的ID號（唯一）
創建時間
鏡像大小

3.1.6刪除鏡像

docker rni [鏡像id]

例：刪除一個鏡像

[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB <none> <none> 6ab373e100c9 5 days ago 181.4 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images [root@docker ~]# docker rmi 6ab373e100c9 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB 刪除鏡像

注：不能刪除已有容器的鏡像

例：刪除一個已有容器的鏡像

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 0584b3d2cf6d Failed to remove image (0584b3d2cf6d): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images 錯誤

例：移除本地所有未打過標簽的本地鏡像

docker images可以列出本地所有的鏡像，其中可能包含很多中間狀態的來打過標簽的鏡像，大量占據著磁盤空間。

使用下面命令可以清理所有未打過標簽的本地鏡像

docker rmi $(docker images -q -f "danglingture") 刪除未打標簽的本地鏡像

?3.1.7創建鏡像

創建鏡像為較為復雜點，在之后的文檔中會詳細介紹。

3.2容器

容器是獨立運行的一個或一組應用，以及他們的運行環境。對應的虛擬機可以理解為模擬運行的一套操作系統（提供了運行環境和其他其系統環境）和跑在上面的應用。

3.2.1、啟動容器

啟動容器的方式

基于鏡像新建一個容器并啟動。
將終止狀態的容器重新啟動。

?容器太輕量了，很多時候用戶都是隨時刪除和新創建容器。

docker run [選項、參數] 鏡像名稱 [執行的命令]

注：如果不指定鏡像名稱會自動生成名稱

例：輸出一個hello world ，之后終止容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run docker.io/centos /bin/echo 'hello world' hello world 這跟直接在本地執行一個hello world 沒有任何區別。[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 16 seconds ago Exited (0) 11 seconds ago gigantic_sinoussi因為沒有指定容器名稱，所以他自己自動生成了gigantic_sinoussi hello world

例：啟動一個bash，允許用戶交互，指定容器名稱為mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker run -i -t --name mycentos docker.io/centos /bin/bash [root@c761cee8863f /]#-name:指定容器名稱 -t：讓docker分配一個偽終端-i：讓容器的標準輸入打開（input）創建可交互容器

接上例：在交互模戶，模式下。用戶可以通過所創建的終端來輸入命令

[root@c761cee8863f /]# pwd / [root@c761cee8863f /]# ls anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var 可交互容器操作

繼續接上例：在可交互模式查看進程，本地信息

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11752 1876 ? Ss 15:44 0:00 /bin/bash root 17 0.0 0.0 47424 1660 ? R+ 16:02 0:00 ps aux [root@c761cee8863f /]# free -mtotal used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1993 158 1121 8 713 1669 Swap: 475 0 475 [root@c761cee8863f /]# exit [root@docker ~]# free -mtotal used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1993 147 1140 8 706 1681 Swap: 475 0 475容器不是一個虛擬機，他只是一個進程，pid為1的進程結束了，這個容器就掛了，他就是為了隔離這個進程而存在的。docker的隔離性并不是很好，在物理機可以看到服務器的硬件信息，docker本身不能解決，但是可以用一些黑科技解決，當然如果自己用的話也可以不用解決這個問題。交互模式下的進程及內存

docker run來創建容器時，docker在后臺運行的標準操作包括：

檢查本地是否存在指定的鏡像，不存在就從倉庫下載。
利用鏡像創建并啟動一個鏡像
分配一個文件系統，并在只讀的鏡像層外面掛載一層可讀寫層。
從宿主主機配置的網橋接口中橋接一個虛擬接口到容器中去
從地址池配置一個ip地址給容器
執行用戶指定的應用程序
執行完畢后容器被終止

3.2.2、啟動已經終止的容器

docker start [容器名稱|容器id]

例：啟動mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 36 minutes ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 44 minutes ago gigantic_sinoussi [root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Up 3 seconds mycentos 啟動mycentos 注：有的人想在容器起來的時候在執行其他的東西。這是不推薦的因為docker的理念，不可變基礎設施，不要修改容器（前面有講解），再重新創建一個就可以了，已改動就可變了。

?3.2.3、后臺運行

更多的時候需要讓Docker 在后臺運行而不是直接執行命令的結果輸出在當前宿主機下，此時，可以通過添加 -d 參數來實現。

例：如果不使用-d參數運行容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run centos echo hello world hello world 不使用-d參數

容器會把輸出結果打印到宿主機上

例：使用-d參數

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d centos echo hello world f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41 [root@docker ~]# docker logs f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41 hello world 使用-d參數

這時候容器會在后臺運行并不會把輸出結果（STDOUT）打印到宿主機上面（輸出結果可以用docker logs查看）
注:容器是否會長久運行，是和docker run指定的

3.2.3、進入鏡像

3.2.3.1、attach

docker attach [鏡像名稱]

這個登錄相當于單用戶模式，只能有一個人登錄。一般生產不推薦使用此法。

例：一方操作另一方會自動操作。

3.2.3.2、 nsenter

生產場景是不使用docker attach的，需要我們使用nsenter這個工具，這個工具包含在util-linux軟件包里面。nsenter可以訪問另一個進程的名字空間。nsenter要正常工作需要有root權限。

[root@docker ~]# yum install util-linux -y util

一般情況下最小化安裝里都已經安裝完畢。

我們通過nsenter就可以進入容器，但是nsenter是通過容器第一個進程的pid進入容器里，所以我們需要知道容器的pid。我們可以通過docker inspect來獲取到pid

利用docker inspect 獲得PID號

[root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" mycentos 10656 [root@docker ~]# nsenter -t 10656 -m -u -i -n -p [root@c761cee8863f /]# nsenter進入容器

那個參數選項是簡寫全稱的就是：

nsenter --traget $PID? --mount --uts? --ipc --net --pid

nsenter參數：

–mount參數是進去到mount namespace中
–uts參數是進入到uts namespace中
–ipc參數是進入到System V IPC namaspace中
–net參數是進入到network namespace中
–pid參數是進入到pid namespace中
–user參數是進入到user namespace中

我們進入容器查看進程 [root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11776 1664 ? Ss+ 22:06 0:00 /bin/bash root 14 0.0 0.0 13376 1988 ? S 22:12 0:00 -bash root 27 0.0 0.0 49024 1808 ? R+ 22:21 0:00 ps aux nsenter進入容器查看進程

?其中/bin/bash 是我們開啟容器運行的第一個進程

-bash 是nsenter 啟動時生成的進程，這樣我們退出后，容器不會退出，仍然會運行。

我們不能每次都要執行上面的命令，找到PID 在進入再次我們需要寫一個腳本

cat cat docker_in.sh #!/bin/bash # Use nsenter to access docker docker_in(){NAME_ID=$1PID=$(docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" $NAME_ID)nsenter -t $PID -m -u -i -n -p } docker_in $1 cat docker_in.sh

執行結果

[root@docker ~]# chmod +x docker_in.sh [root@docker ~]# ./docker_in.sh mycentos [root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11776 1664 ? Ss+ 22:06 0:00 /bin/bash root 28 0.0 0.0 13376 1984 ? S 22:28 0:00 -bash root 41 0.0 0.0 49024 1812 ? R+ 22:28 0:00 ps aux 執行過程

3.2.3.3、docker exec

docker exec 的本意不是為了進入容器，僅僅是為了在外面執行一個容器的操作。

docker exec [容器名稱|id] 命令

例：在容器mycentos外執行命令whoami等

[root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos whoami root [root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 11776 1664 ? Ss+ 22:06 0:00 /bin/bash root 46 0.0 0.0 47424 1660 ? Rs 22:34 0:00 ps aux 不進入容器操作進入容器方法 docker exec -it [容器名稱|id] /bin/bash 例：使用docker exec 進入容器 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 30 minutes mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mycentos /bin/bash [root@c761cee8863f /]# exit [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it c761cee8863f /bin/bash [root@c761cee8863f /]# exec 進入容器和 nsenter 實現原理不一樣實現結果一樣的

3.2.4、查看容器列表

docker ps

例:查看正在運行的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 32 minutes mycentos 正在運行容器

例：查看所有容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES edfdd26e20da centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago kickass_heisenberg f6f8844f843b centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago reverent_yalow cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 3 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 3 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 4 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 33 minutes mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 6 hours ago Exited (0) 6 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi 查看所有容器

例：只查所有鏡像的id [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q edfdd26e20da f6f8844f843b cd9cf2398630 cc93e8ced322 475cd09a2e6e d580c6389d1e b54ed375b3f1 a9864174cfb0 eb62a497f026 3e68d0c13bfd 4d6ae0f25206 a8770406b896 7ecb2ca7d612 6ddae878765f c761cee8863f ccfc03f90613 443da0721b41 所有容器id

查看所有運行容器的id只要去掉-a參數即可。

3.2.5、容器刪除

可以使用docker rm 來刪除一個出于終止狀態的容器。

例：刪除 reverent_yalow

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f6f8844f843b centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago reverent_yalow cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up 49 minutes mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi [root@docker ~]# docker rm reverent_yalow reverent_yalow [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up 49 minutes mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi reverent_yalow

如果刪除一個正在運行中的容器，可以添加-f 參數。Docker會發送SIGKLL信號給容器。

清理所有出于終止狀態的容器，可以配合剛才我們展示的docker ps -a -q。用docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

例：刪除所有終止狀態的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky 475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie 3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen 4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur 7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande 6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown 443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi [root@docker ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) cd9cf2398630 cc93e8ced322 475cd09a2e6e d580c6389d1e b54ed375b3f1 a9864174cfb0 eb62a497f026 3e68d0c13bfd 4d6ae0f25206 a8770406b896 7ecb2ca7d612 6ddae878765f ccfc03f90613 443da0721b41 Failed to remove container (c761cee8863f): Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos 刪除所有終止狀態容器

這里還有一個測試時好用的參數

docker run --rm?? [選項] [鏡像名稱] [命令]

使用 --rm參數在我們使用完這個容器，關閉就會自動刪除，省時省力，當然如果還需要在測試，就重新啟動一個容器，也符合docker不可變基礎設施理念。

例：創建一個測試容器，退出后自動給刪除

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos [root@docker ~]# docker run --rm -it --name ceshi centos /bin/bash [root@e392d10516b0 /]# exit [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos 測試

目前先分享到這里，因本人報名趙班長的架構師課程開班。容器和創建鏡像在以后的文檔中會再有更加詳細的介紹。

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ck951203/p/6133071.html

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