1、列表定義

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] #列表存儲，類似數(shù)組

2、列表的操作

(1)切片

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] #列表存儲，類似數(shù)組

print(names[1],names[3]) #取值，1、3代表下標，從左到右的位置

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

Guyun Xuliangchen

print(names[1:3]) #切片,顧頭不顧尾取[1]、[2]的值

print(names[0:3]) #切片

print(names[:3]) #等同于0:3，從下標0到3

print(names[-1]) #切片,取倒數(shù)第一個值

print(names[-2]) #取倒數(shù)第二個值

print(names[-2:]) #取最后兩個值

(2)增加--append：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后

print(names)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'LeiHaidong']

(3)修改--insert：

names.insert(1,"Chenronghua") #數(shù)據(jù)插入，插在哪個位置前面就寫這個元素的下標,如插在Guyun前面

names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插在Guyun后面

print(names)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Chenronghua', 'Guyun', 'Xinzhiyu', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'LeiHaidong']

(4)查詢--index：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

print(names)

print(names.index("Xiangpeng")) #查出Xiangpeng的位置

print(names[names.index("Xiangpeng")]) #獲取下標內(nèi)容

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

2

Xiangpeng

(5)統(tǒng)計--count：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

print("count-->",names.count("ZhangYang"))

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

count--> 1

(6)反轉(zhuǎn)--reverse:

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names.reverse()

print(names)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

reverse--> ['Xuliangchen', 'Xiangpeng', 'Guyun', 'ZhangYang']

(7)擴展--extend：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names2 = [1,2,3,4]

print(names)

names.extend(names2)

print("extend-->",names)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

extend--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 1, 2, 3, 4]

(8)排序--sort：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names.sort()

print(names)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'ZhangYang']

(9)清除--clear：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names.clear()

print(names)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

[]

(10)復制--copy：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names2 = names.copy()

print(names)

print(names2)

names[1] = "古云" #更改Guyun,可以看到names2中并沒有修改

print("names-->",names)

print("names2-->",names2)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

(11)列表嵌套復制--copy.deepcopy：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

names2 = names.copy()

print(names)

print(names2)

names[1] = "古云"

names[2][0] = "ALEX" #更改列表中的alex為ALEX,可以看到names2中也相應更改

print("names-->",names)

print("names2-->",names2)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

★★★★注意：這里的的copy只會拷貝第一層，列表中包含列表，其中列表是指向存放列表的內(nèi)存地址，所以在更改列表中的元素時，拷貝的部分也會相應地更改。

為了實現(xiàn)深入拷貝，可以導入copy模塊：

import copy

names2 = copy.deepcopy(names)

print(names)

print(names2)

names[1] = "古云"

names[2][0] = "ALEX"

print("names-->",names)

print("names2-->",names2)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']

可以看到拷貝是完全克隆過來的，但是生產(chǎn)過程中一般不會使用，拷貝多一份數(shù)據(jù)，等于多占據(jù)了一份內(nèi)存空間。

(12)for循環(huán)列表：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

for i in names:

print(i)

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

ZhangYang

Guyun

['alex', 'jack']

Xiangpeng

Xuliangchen

(13)步長切片：

names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]

print(names[0:-1:2]) #打印第一個到最后一個，步長為2

執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

['ZhangYang', ['alex', 'jack']]

3、程序練習

程序：購物車程序

需求:

啟動程序后，讓用戶輸入工資，然后打印商品列表

允許用戶根據(jù)商品編號購買商品

用戶選擇商品后，檢測余額是否夠，夠就直接扣款，不夠就提醒

可隨時退出，退出時，打印已購買商品和余額

#!/usr/bin/python

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

# Aothr: Kim

goods_list = [

['Iphone',5800],

['Mac pro',9800],

['Bike',800],

['Watch',10600],

['Coffee',31],

['Alex Python',120]

]

shopping_list = [] #此列表為空當做購物車使用

salary = input("Please input your salary:")

if salary.isdigit():

salary = int(salary)

while True:

for index,item in enumerate(goods_list): #enumerate可以取出列表的下標和內(nèi)容

print(index,item)

user_choice = input("請選擇你需要的商品編號：")

if user_choice.isdigit():

user_choice = int(user_choice)

if user_choice < len(goods_list) and user_choice >= 0: #len可以取出列表的長度

g_item = goods_list[user_choice]

if g_item[1] <= salary:

shopping_list.append(g_item)

salary -= g_item[1]

print("已成功添加商品%s到購物車，當前余額為\033[31;1m%s\033[0m" % (g_item, salary))

else:

print("您的余額為%s，無法購買此商品，請充值！"%salary)

else:

print("您的選擇的商品編號%s有誤，請重新選擇:"%user_choice)

elif user_choice == 'q':

print('------goods list------')

for p in shopping_list:

print(p)

print("您當前余額為%s"%salary)

exit()

else:

print("您的輸入有誤，請輸入正確的商品編號！")

總結(jié)

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