Java核心類庫篇6——IO

1、File

1.1、構(gòu)造方法

方法聲明功能介紹

public File(File parent, String child)	從父抽象路徑名和子路徑名字符串創(chuàng)建新的 File實例
public File(String pathname)	通過將給定的路徑名字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為抽象路徑名來創(chuàng)建新的 File實例
public File(String parent, String child)	從父路徑名字符串和子路徑名字符串創(chuàng)建新的File實例
public File(URI uri)	通過將給定的file:URI轉(zhuǎn)換為抽象路徑名來創(chuàng)建新的File實例

1.2、方法

方法聲明功能介紹

public boolean exists()	測試此抽象路徑名表示的文件或目錄是否存在
public boolean exists()	測試此抽象路徑名表示的文件或目錄是否存在
public long length()	返回由此抽象路徑名表示的文件的長度
public long lastModified()	用于獲取文件的最后一次修改時間
public String getAbsolutePath()	用于獲取絕對路徑信息
public boolean delete()	用于刪除文件，當(dāng)刪除目錄時要求是空目錄
public boolean createNewFile()	用于創(chuàng)建新的空文件
public boolean mkdir()	用于創(chuàng)建目錄
public boolean mkdirs()	用于創(chuàng)建多級目錄
public File[] listFiles()	獲取該目錄下的所有內(nèi)容
public boolean isFile()	判斷是否為文件
public boolean isDirectory()	判斷是否為目錄
public File[] listFiles(FileFilter filter)	獲取目錄下滿足篩選器的所有內(nèi)容

2、IO

IO就是Input和Output的簡寫，也就是輸入和輸出的含義

2.1、IO分類

• 按讀寫數(shù)據(jù)的基本單位
  • 字節(jié)流：以字節(jié)為單位進行數(shù)據(jù)讀寫的流，可以讀寫任意類型的文件
  • 字符流：以字符(2個字節(jié))為單位進行數(shù)據(jù)讀寫的流，只能讀寫文本文件
• 按讀寫數(shù)據(jù)的方向不同
  • 輸入流：從文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容輸入到程序中，也就是讀文件
  • 輸出流：將程序中的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容輸出到文件中，也就是寫文件
• 按流的角色
  • 節(jié)點流：直接和輸入輸出源對接的流
  • 處理流：需要建立在節(jié)點流的基礎(chǔ)之上的流

2.2、IO流的體系結(jié)構(gòu)

紅色為抽象類

藍色為節(jié)點流，必須直接與指定的物理節(jié)點關(guān)聯(lián)

分類字節(jié)輸入流字節(jié)輸出流字符輸入流字符輸出流

抽象基類	InputStream	OutputStream	Reader	Writer
訪問文件	FileInputStream	FileOutputStream	FileReader	FileWriter
訪問數(shù)組	ByteArrayInputStream	ByteArrayOutputStream	CharArrayReader	CharArrayWriter
訪問管道	PipedInputStream	PipedOutputStream	PipedReader	PipedWriter
訪問字符串	——	——	StringReader	StringWriter
緩沖流	BufferedInputStream	BufferedOutputStream	BufferedReader	BufferedWriter
轉(zhuǎn)換流	——	——	InputStreamReader	OutputStreamWriter
對象流	ObjectInputStream	ObjectOutputStream	——	——
打印流	——	PrintStream	——	PrintWriter
	FilterInputStream	FilterOutputStream	FilterReader	FilterWriter
推回輸入流	PushbackInputStream	——	PushbackReader	——
特殊流	DataInputStream	DataOutputStream	——	——

2.3、FileInputStream

逐個字節(jié)讀

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);int l = 0;while ((l=fileInputStream.read())!=-1){System.out.println((char)l);}fileInputStream.close();} }

建立緩沖區(qū)讀

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);byte[] b=new byte[1024];int l = 0;while ((l=fileInputStream.read(b))!=-1){System.out.println(new String(b,0,l));}fileInputStream.close();} }

2.4、FileOutputStream

寫入文件

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);String str="hello world, i am ruoye!";byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();fileOutputStream.write(bytes);fileOutputStream.close();} }

追加內(nèi)容

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file,true);String str="hello world, i am ruoye!";byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();fileOutputStream.write(bytes);fileOutputStream.close();} }

2.5、FileReader

逐個字符讀

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);int l = 0;while ((l=fileReader.read())!=-1){System.out.println((char)l);}fileReader.close();} }

建立緩沖區(qū)讀

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);char[] b=new char[1024];int l = 0;while ((l=fileReader.read(b))!=-1){System.out.println(new String(b,0,l));}fileReader.close();} }

2.6、FileWriter

寫入文件

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file);String str="你好，世界！";fileWriter.write(str);fileWriter.close();} }

追加內(nèi)容

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file,true);String str="你好，世界！";fileWriter.append(str);fileWriter.close();} }

2.7、轉(zhuǎn)換流

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\a.txt")));int l = 0;while ((l=inputStreamReader.read())!=-1){System.out.println((char)l);}inputStreamReader.close();} } public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\a.txt")));String str="hello wordld";outputStreamWriter.write(str);outputStreamWriter.close();} }

2.8、緩沖流

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];int l = 0;while ((l=fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,l));}fileInputStream.close();} } public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String path="D:\\a.txt";File file = new File(path);FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream);String str="hello world, i am ruoye!";byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);bufferedOutputStream.close();fileOutputStream.close();} }

writer和reader同上

2.9、Data流

2.9.1、DataInputStream

• read(byte b[])—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流讀取數(shù)據(jù)存儲到字節(jié)數(shù)組b中
• read(byte b[],int off,in len)—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取數(shù)據(jù)存儲到數(shù)組b里面,位置從off開始,長度為len個字節(jié)
• readFully(byte b[])—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中循環(huán)讀取b.length個字節(jié)到數(shù)組b中
• readFully(byte b[],int off,in len )—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中循環(huán)讀取len個字節(jié)到字節(jié)數(shù)組b中.從b的off位置開始
• skipBytes(int b)—跳過n個字節(jié)
• readBoolean()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流讀取布爾類型的值
• readByte()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個字節(jié)
• readUnsignedByte()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個無符號的字節(jié),返回值轉(zhuǎn)換成int類型
• readShort()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流讀取一個short類型數(shù)據(jù)
• readUnsignedShort()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流讀取一個無符號的short類型數(shù)據(jù)
• readChar()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個字符數(shù)據(jù)
• readInt()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個int類型數(shù)據(jù)
• readLong()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個long類型的數(shù)據(jù)
• readFloat()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個float類型的數(shù)據(jù)
• readDouble()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取一個double類型的數(shù)據(jù)
• readUTF()—從數(shù)據(jù)輸入流中讀取用UTF-8格式編碼的UniCode字符格式的字符串

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {DataInputStream dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\a.txt"));System.out.println(dataInputStream.readUTF());System.out.println(dataInputStream.readInt());System.out.println(dataInputStream.readBoolean());System.out.println(dataInputStream.readShort());System.out.println(dataInputStream.readLong());System.out.println(dataInputStream.readDouble());dataInputStream.close();} }

2.9.2、DataOutputStream

• intCount(int value)—數(shù)據(jù)輸出流增加的字節(jié)數(shù)
• write(int b)—將int類型的b寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中
• write(byte b[],int off, int len)—將字節(jié)數(shù)組b中off位置開始,len個長度寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中
• flush()—刷新數(shù)據(jù)輸出流
• writeBoolean()—將布爾類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層是轉(zhuǎn)化成一個字節(jié)寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeByte(int v)—將一個字節(jié)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中(實際是基礎(chǔ)輸出流)
• writeShort(int v)—將一個short類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層將v轉(zhuǎn)換2個字節(jié)寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeChar(int v)—將一個charl類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層是將v轉(zhuǎn)換成2個字節(jié)寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeInt(int v)—將一個int類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層將4個字節(jié)寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeLong(long v)—將一個long類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層將8個字節(jié)寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeFloat(flloat v)—將一個float類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層會將float轉(zhuǎn)換成int類型,寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeDouble(double v)—將一個double類型的數(shù)據(jù)寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中,底層會將double轉(zhuǎn)換成long類型,寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeBytes(String s)—將字符串按照字節(jié)順序?qū)懙交A(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeChars(String s)—將字符串按照字符順序?qū)懙交A(chǔ)輸出流中
• writeUTF(String str)—以機器無關(guān)的方式使用utf-8編碼方式將字符串寫到基礎(chǔ)輸出流中
• size()—寫到數(shù)據(jù)輸出流中的字節(jié)數(shù)

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\a.txt"));dataOutputStream.writeUTF("α");dataOutputStream.writeInt(1234567);dataOutputStream.writeBoolean(true);dataOutputStream.writeShort((short)123);dataOutputStream.writeLong((long)456);dataOutputStream.writeDouble(99.98);dataOutputStream.close();} }

2.10、Zip流

壓縮文件

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {File file = new File("D:\\a.txt");FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);File zip = new File("D:\\a.zip");FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(zip);ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream = new ZipOutputStream(fileOutputStream);int l = 0;zipOutputStream.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(file.getName()));while ((l=fileInputStream.read())!=-1){//壓縮算法zipOutputStream.write(l);}fileInputStream.close();zipOutputStream.close();fileOutputStream.close();} }

解壓文件

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {File file = new File("D:\\a.txt");File zip = new File("D:\\a.zip");ZipFile zipFile= new ZipFile(zip);ZipEntry entry = zipFile.getEntry("a.txt");InputStream input = zipFile.getInputStream(entry);FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);int l;while ((l=input.read())!=-1){//解壓算法fileOutputStream.write(l);}fileOutputStream.close();input.close();} }

壓縮多個文件

待補

解壓多個文件

待補

2.11、Object流

想要使用ObjectOutputStream和ObjectInputStream，對象一定要序列化

import java.io.Serializable;public class Person implements Serializable {private String name;private int age;public Person() {}public Person(String name, int age) {this.name = name;this.age = age;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Person{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +'}';} }

當(dāng)我們使用Serializable接口實現(xiàn)序列化操作的時候，如果一個對象的某一個屬性不想被序列化保存下來，那么我們可以使用transient關(guān)鍵字進行說明

private transient String name;

2.11.1、ObjectOutputStream

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {File file = new File("D:\\a.txt");ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));objectOutputStream.writeObject(new Person("zhangsan",20));objectOutputStream.close();} }

2.11.2、ObjectInputStream

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {File file = new File("D:\\a.txt");ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));Person person = (Person) objectInputStream.readObject();System.out.println(person);} }

2.12、RandomAccessFile

方法聲明功能介紹

public RandomAccessFile(String name, String mode)	根據(jù)參數(shù)指定的名稱和模式構(gòu)造對象 r: 以只讀方式打開 rw：打開以便讀取和寫入 rwd:打開以便讀取和寫入，同步文件內(nèi)容的更新 rws:打開以便讀取和寫入，同步文件內(nèi)容和元數(shù)據(jù) 的更新
int read()	讀取單個字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)
void seek(long pos)	用于設(shè)置從此文件的開頭開始測量的文件指針偏移量
void write(int b)	將參數(shù)指定的單個字節(jié)寫入
void close()	用于關(guān)閉流并釋放有關(guān)的資源

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {RandomAccessFile r = new RandomAccessFile("D:\\a.txt", "rw");r.seek(1);System.out.println((char) r.read());r.write('b');r.close();} }

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